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"Bekisting yang merupakan penyumbang limbah konstruksi terbesar, dan sampah plastik di Indonesia yang terus meningkat tiap tahunnya memerlukan solusi penanganan yang tepat. Dapat digunakan limbah plastik jenis HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene) di Indonesia sebagai bahan baku untuk produk bekisting. Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan perbandingan analisa properti mekanik kuat lentur balok bekisting HDPE dengan tambahan metode DIC (Digital Image Correlation) dengan pemodelan numerik menggunakan ABAQUS. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan solusi alternatif bahan bekisting dari HDPE yang kuat dan lebih ramah lingkungan.

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Formwork, which is one of the largest contributors to construction waste, and plastic waste in Indonesia, which continues to increase every year, require appropriate handling solutions. HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene) waste in Indonesia can be used as raw material for formwork products. This study will compare the mechanical properties, specifically the flexural strength of HDPE formwork beams, using the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) method and numerical modeling with ABAQUS. The results of this study are expected to provide an alternative solution for formwork materials from HDPE that are strong and more environmentally friendly."

"Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, permintaan akan bekisting untuk pekerjaan struktur beton mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan, memicu pengembangan berbagai sistem dan metode bekisting dengan menggunakan berbagai jenis material, termasuk kayu, logam, dan polimer HDPE. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati dan mengevaluasi kinerja bekisting berbahan dasar polimer HDPE pada elemen struktur beton vertikal dalam proyek konstruksi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer yang dikumpulkan melalui observasi lapangan dan dokumentasi proyek, serta data sekunder dari studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa papan bekisting Polimer HDPE mampu memberikan hasil pengecoran yang baik. Kapasitas produksi menggunakan papan bekisting Polimer HDPE mendekati atau sesuai dengan standar kapasitas pekerja bekisting metode semi sistem dinding, menunjukkan efektivitas dalam mempertahankan efisiensi kerja. Analisis biaya menunjukkan bahwa meskipun Polimer HDPE memiliki biaya awal yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan multipleks dan polyfilm, biaya jangka panjangnya lebih ekonomis karena ketahanannya yang tinggi dan biaya pemakaian yang konsisten. Secara keseluruhan, bekisting berbahan dasar Polimer HDPE adalah pilihan yang efektif dan efisien untuk pekerjaan bekisting dalam proyek konstruksi yang memerlukan material tahan lama dan ekonomis dalam jangka panjang.

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In recent years, the demand for formwork for concrete structures has significantly increased, prompting the development of various formwork systems and methods using different materials, including wood, metal, and HDPE polymer. This research aims to observe and evaluate the performance of HDPE polymer-based formwork in vertical concrete structural elements in construction projects in Indonesia. The research utilizes primary data collected through field observations and project documentation, as well as secondary data from literature studies. The results show that HDPE polymer formwork panels can provide good casting results. The production capacity using HDPE polymer formwork panels is close to or in line with the standard capacity of workers using the semi-system wall formwork method, demonstrating effectiveness in maintaining work efficiency. Cost analysis indicates that although HDPE polymer has a higher initial cost compared to multiplex and polyfilm, its long-term cost is more economical due to its high durability and consistent usage costs. Overall, HDPE polymer-based formwork is an effective and efficient choice for formwork work in construction projects that require durable and long-term economical materials."

"Blok paving merupakan komposisi bahan bangunan yang dibuat dari campuran semen portland, air dan agregat kasar dan halus yang digunakan sebagai bahan perkerasan jalan. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan plastik sebagai agregat pada blok paving sebagai salah satu bentuk usaha daur ulang plastik. Lignin yang merupakan limbah dalam industri kertas merupakan polimer bipolar yang memiliki dua muka sehingga dimanfaatkan sebagai coupling agent dalam pencampuran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari sifat pencampuran antara plastik, lignin, dan agregat halus pada blok paving. Eksperimen ini menggunakan plastik tipe polietilena densitas tinggi (HDPE) dengan penambahan variasi konsentrasi lignin sebesar 0; 0,1; 0,3; dan 0,5 wt%. Pengujian yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah sudut kontak, FTIR dan SEM. Hasil pengujian sudut kontak menunjukan polietilena densitas tinggi dan lignin yang kompatibel karena persamaan sifat hidrofobisitas yang dimiliki. Ikatan gugus fungsi yang dihasilkan dengan variasi komposisi lignin menunjukan tidak terdapat ikatan baru yang dihasilkan. Serta bentuk morfologi yang dihasilkan menunjukan kompatibilitas antara HDPE dengan campuran. Namun lignin tidak berfungsi sebagai coupling agent antara agregat kasar dan halus secara baik, namun bertindak sebagai sebagai penyelimut permukaan HDPE.

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Paving blocks are a composition of building materials made from a mixture of portland cement, water and coarse and fine aggregates that are used as road pavement materials. In this study using plastic as an aggregate on paving blocks as a form of plastic recycling business. Lignin which is a waste in the paper industry is a bipolar polymer that has two faces so that it is used as a coupling agent in mixing. This research aims to study the mixing properties of plastic, lignin, and fine aggregate on paving blocks. This experiment used a high density polyethylene (HDPE) type plastic with the addition of a variation of lignin concentration of 0; 0.1; 0.3; and 0.5 wt%. Tests conducted in this study are the contact angle, FTIR and SEM. The contact angle test results showed high density polyethylene and compatible lignin because of the similarity in hydrophobicity properties. Bonded functional groups produced with variations in the composition of lignin showed no new bonds were produced. And the resulting morphological form shows compatibility between HDPE and mixtures. However, lignin does not function well as a coupling agent between coarse and fine aggregates, but acts as a HDPE surface blanket."

"Bekisting merupakan salah satu komponen penting yang banyak digunakan khususnya pada konstruksi bangunan beton. Penggunaan kayu sebagai material penyusun bekisting masih sangat umum digunakan di Indonesia dan menimbulkan limbah konstruksi yang tidak dapat digunakan kembali. Dalam upaya mengurangi limbah kayu tersebut, pemanfaatan limbah plastik jenis HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene) sebagai bahan baku untuk produk bekisting dapat menjadi sebuah solusi. Penelitian ini mengamati pengaruh bukaan pada balok rangka polimer HDPE dan perbandingannya dengan balok solid tanpa bukaan. Dilakukan perbandingan analisa properti mekanik kuat lentur dari balok bekisting HDPE dengan metode DIC (Digital Image Correlation) dengan pemodelan numerik menggunakan ABAQUS.

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Formwork is one of the essential components widely used, especially in concrete building construction. The use of wood as the material for formwork is still very common in Indonesia and generates construction waste that cannot be reused. In an effort to reduce wood waste, utilizing HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene) plastic waste as a raw material for formwork products can be a solution. This study observes the effect of openings in HDPE polymer truss beams and compares them with solid beams without openings. A comparison of the mechanical flexural properties of HDPE formwork beams is carried out using the DIC (Digital Image Correlation) method with numerical modeling using ABAQUS software."

"[ ABSTRAK Bitumen merupakan bahan penyusun aspal serta memiliki fungsi sebagai binder pada aspal. Sifat dari bitumen mempengaruhi kinerja dari aspal. Aspal merupakan material yang biasanya digunakan untuk infrastruktur seperti aplikasi pada jalanan. Aspal merupakan material yang relatif murah namun aspal memiliki beberapa kelemahan karena sifat material penyusunya dan kondisi lingkungan sehingga dibutuhkan langkah untuk menangani kelemahan pada aspal tersebut. Salah satu metode yang dapat dilakukan untuk menangani masalah tersebut adalah melakukan pencampuran bitumen (bahan pengikat pada aspal) dengan limbah plastik kresek (high density polyehtylene atau polypropylene) untuk membentuk suatu komposit Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) sehingga perfoma dari aspal dapat meningkat dan membuat limbah plastik lebih berguna kembali. Percobaan ini mengunakan 2 buah jenis plastik kresek dan 3 buah variabel berbeda yaitu konsentrasi plastik kresek, waktu, dan temperatur pencampuran. Plastik kresek yang digunakan adalah HDPE dan PP. Konsentrasi High Density Polyethyelene (HDPE) yang digunakan adalah 4%, 5%, dan 6%, konsentrasi Polypropylene (PP) yang digunakan adalah 3%, 4%, dan 5%, waktu pencampuran yang digunakan adalah 15, 30, dan 45 menit, dan juga temperatur pencampuran yang digunakan adalah 140oC sampai dengan 200oC. Metode pencampuran basah digunakan untuk mencampurkan kedua material tersebut. Hasil atau kualitas komposit diketahui dengan melakukan investigasi melalui pengujian penetrasi, daktilitas, titik lembek, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA), dan Differential Scaning Calorimetry (DSC). Hasil penelitian mengenai PMB menyimpulkan bahwa kompatibiltas antara plastik kresek baik HDPE dan PP kurang baik terhadap bitumen namun penambahaan plastik kresek terhadap bitumen meningkatkan sifat mekanik dan kestabilan termal bitumen.

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ABSTRACT Bitumen is a binder and one of constituents of asphalt so the characteristic of bitumen affects asphalt perfomance. Asphalt is a material that usually used in road application. However, there are also drawbacks of asphalt as material on pathway because of its constituents and environment condition. For the examples, asphalt is brittle in low temperature and will be soften when temperature increase so the action is needed to address this problems. One solution to solve these problems by adding wasted plastic bags made by High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) or Polypropylene (PP) to bitumen so it can increase asphalt efficiency and make wasted plastic bag more useful. This experiment used two type of plastic bags and three variables (concentration of plastic bags, mixing time, and mixing temperature). HDPE concentrations used were 4%, 5%, and 6%, PP concentrations used were 3%, 4%, and 5%, mixing times used were 15, 30, and 45 minutes, and also mixing temperatures were 140oC up to 200oC. Hot melt mixing method was used to mix those material. The quality of mixing material (composite) was tested by some instruments like ductility tester, softening point tester, penetration testing, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) and Differential Scaning Calorimetry (DSC). The result is compatibilty of HDPE or PP to bitumen is not that enough, however, modification of bitumen by plastic bags increases mechanical properties and thermal resistance of bitumen.;Bitumen is a binder and one of constituents of asphalt so the characteristic of bitumen affects asphalt perfomance. Asphalt is a material that usually used in road application. However, there are also drawbacks of asphalt as material on pathway because of its constituents and environment condition. For the examples, asphalt is brittle in low temperature and will be soften when temperature increase so the action is needed to address this problems. One solution to solve these problems by adding wasted plastic bags made by High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) or Polypropylene (PP) to bitumen so it can increase asphalt efficiency and make wasted plastic bag more useful. This experiment used two type of plastic bags and three variables (concentration of plastic bags, mixing time, and mixing temperature). HDPE concentrations used were 4%, 5%, and 6%, PP concentrations used were 3%, 4%, and 5%, mixing times used were 15, 30, and 45 minutes, and also mixing temperatures were 140oC up to 200oC. Hot melt mixing method was used to mix those material. The quality of mixing material (composite) was tested by some instruments like ductility tester, softening point tester, penetration testing, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) and Differential Scaning Calorimetry (DSC). The result is compatibilty of HDPE or PP to bitumen is not that enough, however, modification of bitumen by plastic bags increases mechanical properties and thermal resistance of bitumen.;Bitumen is a binder and one of constituents of asphalt so the characteristic of bitumen affects asphalt perfomance. Asphalt is a material that usually used in road application. However, there are also drawbacks of asphalt as material on pathway because of its constituents and environment condition. For the examples, asphalt is brittle in low temperature and will be soften when temperature increase so the action is needed to address this problems. One solution to solve these problems by adding wasted plastic bags made by High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) or Polypropylene (PP) to bitumen so it can increase asphalt efficiency and make wasted plastic bag more useful. This experiment used two type of plastic bags and three variables (concentration of plastic bags, mixing time, and mixing temperature). HDPE concentrations used were 4%, 5%, and 6%, PP concentrations used were 3%, 4%, and 5%, mixing times used were 15, 30, and 45 minutes, and also mixing temperatures were 140oC up to 200oC. Hot melt mixing method was used to mix those material. The quality of mixing material (composite) was tested by some instruments like ductility tester, softening point tester, penetration testing, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) and Differential Scaning Calorimetry (DSC). The result is compatibilty of HDPE or PP to bitumen is not that enough, however, modification of bitumen by plastic bags increases mechanical properties and thermal resistance of bitumen.;Bitumen is a binder and one of constituents of asphalt so the characteristic of bitumen affects asphalt perfomance. Asphalt is a material that usually used in road application. However, there are also drawbacks of asphalt as material on pathway because of its constituents and environment condition. For the examples, asphalt is brittle in low temperature and will be soften when temperature increase so the action is needed to address this problems. One solution to solve these problems by adding wasted plastic bags made by High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) or Polypropylene (PP) to bitumen so it can increase asphalt efficiency and make wasted plastic bag more useful. This experiment used two type of plastic bags and three variables (concentration of plastic bags, mixing time, and mixing temperature). HDPE concentrations used were 4%, 5%, and 6%, PP concentrations used were 3%, 4%, and 5%, mixing times used were 15, 30, and 45 minutes, and also mixing temperatures were 140oC up to 200oC. Hot melt mixing method was used to mix those material. The quality of mixing material (composite) was tested by some instruments like ductility tester, softening point tester, penetration testing, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) and Differential Scaning Calorimetry (DSC). The result is compatibilty of HDPE or PP to bitumen is not that enough, however, modification of bitumen by plastic bags increases mechanical properties and thermal resistance of bitumen., Bitumen is a binder and one of constituents of asphalt so the characteristic of bitumen affects asphalt perfomance. Asphalt is a material that usually used in road application. However, there are also drawbacks of asphalt as material on pathway because of its constituents and environment condition. For the examples, asphalt is brittle in low temperature and will be soften when temperature increase so the action is needed to address this problems. One solution to solve these problems by adding wasted plastic bags made by High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) or Polypropylene (PP) to bitumen so it can increase asphalt efficiency and make wasted plastic bag more useful. This experiment used two type of plastic bags and three variables (concentration of plastic bags, mixing time, and mixing temperature). HDPE concentrations used were 4%, 5%, and 6%, PP concentrations used were 3%, 4%, and 5%, mixing times used were 15, 30, and 45 minutes, and also mixing temperatures were 140oC up to 200oC. Hot melt mixing method was used to mix those material. The quality of mixing material (composite) was tested by some instruments like ductility tester, softening point tester, penetration testing, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) and Differential Scaning Calorimetry (DSC). The result is compatibilty of HDPE or PP to bitumen is not that enough, however, modification of bitumen by plastic bags increases mechanical properties and thermal resistance of bitumen.]"