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"[ABSTRAKFormasi Baong bagian bawah bertanggung jawab sebagai batuan indukyang mengisi reservoar batupasir pada lapangan minyak dan gas di bagiantenggara Cekungan Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan data dan faktadari laboratorium, pengeboran, wireline well log dan seismik melalui studi analisapetrofisika, geokimia, geomekanika dan geofisika Formasi Baong bagian bawah.Pemahaman tentang geokimia, mineralogi dan geomekanika serpih sangat pentinguntuk memahami bagaimana reservoir serpih memiliki potensi untuk cadangandan produksi ketika dilakukan stimulasi. Analisis laboratorium geokimiadigunakan untuk menentukan kekayaan, kematangan dan kerogen tipe. Penelitianini mengklasifikasikan serpih berdasarkan kekayaan organik, kematangan, jenis,kekuatan serpih, kerapuhan serpih dan kandungan clay. Formasi Baong bagianbawah yang menjadi target pada studi ini terletak pada kedalaman 1778-2428 m(TVD), memiliki material organik yang kaya dengan TOC berkisar antara 1,88-3,85% wt, tingkat kematangan 12% sudah matang dan 88% belum matang, sertamenghasilkan 20% kerogen tipe III dan 80% kerogen tipe II/III sehingga dapatdijadikan sebagai batuan induk yang berpotensi menghasilkan gas dangas/minyak. Rigiditas Formasi Baong bagian bawah sangat sangat brittle denganmemiliki rata ? rata kandungan mineral kuarsa 33,7% dan mineral brittle sepertikalsit 8,8%, dolomit 1,8% dan siderit 0,9%, serta brittle 80% dan less brittle 20%,sehingga dapat dilakukan hyhraulic fracturing dengan baik. Nilai impedansiserpih Formasi Baong bagian bawah berkisar antara 20203 ? 24615 ((ft/s)*(g/cc)).

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ABSTRACTThe Lower Baong Formation is responsible for source rock filled upsandstones reservoir in the oil and gas field in the southeastern part of NorthSumatra Basin. This study reveals the data and facts from the laboratory, drilling,wireline well logs and seismic through the analysis study of petrophysics,geochemistry, geomechanics and geophysics of Lower Baong Formation. Anunderstanding of shale geochemistry, mineralogy and geomechanics is veryimportant to understand how the shale reservoir has the potential to reserve andproduce when carried out stimulation. Geochemical laboratory analysis is used todetermine the richness, maturity and kerogen type. This study classify shale basedon organic richness, maturity, type, shale strengthness, shale brittleness and claycontent. The Lower Baong Formation being targeted in this study lies at a depthof 1778-2428 m (TVD), has a rich organic material with TOC ranging from 1.88to 3.85 wt%, the maturity level of 12% is mature and immature 88%, and generate20% kerogen type III and 80% kerogen type II / III so it can be used as a sourcerock potential to produce gas and gas / oil. Lower Baong Formation rigidity arevery brittle by having the averages 33.7% quartz mineral content and brittleminerals such as 8.8% calcite, 1.8% dolomite and siderite 0.9%, and brittle 80%and less brittle 20%, so it can be done hyhraulic fracturing very well. Sahle valuesof Lower Baong Formation bottom ranges from 20203-24615 ((ft/s)*(g / cc))., The Lower Baong Formation is responsible for source rock filled upsandstones reservoir in the oil and gas field in the southeastern part of NorthSumatra Basin. This study reveals the data and facts from the laboratory, drilling,wireline well logs and seismic through the analysis study of petrophysics,geochemistry, geomechanics and geophysics of Lower Baong Formation. Anunderstanding of shale geochemistry, mineralogy and geomechanics is veryimportant to understand how the shale reservoir has the potential to reserve andproduce when carried out stimulation. Geochemical laboratory analysis is used todetermine the richness, maturity and kerogen type. This study classify shale basedon organic richness, maturity, type, shale strengthness, shale brittleness and claycontent. The Lower Baong Formation being targeted in this study lies at a depthof 1778-2428 m (TVD), has a rich organic material with TOC ranging from 1.88to 3.85 wt%, the maturity level of 12% is mature and immature 88%, and generate20% kerogen type III and 80% kerogen type II / III so it can be used as a sourcerock potential to produce gas and gas / oil. Lower Baong Formation rigidity arevery brittle by having the averages 33.7% quartz mineral content and brittleminerals such as 8.8% calcite, 1.8% dolomite and siderite 0.9%, and brittle 80%and less brittle 20%, so it can be done hyhraulic fracturing very well. Sahle valuesof Lower Baong Formation bottom ranges from 20203-24615 ((ft/s)*(g / cc)).]"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan konsep/metoda analisis geomekanika dan kaitannya dengan petrofisika kandungan TOC serta penerapannya dalam rangka mengetahui potensi eksplorasi yang masih ada untuk pengembangan pada lapangan "X", ditemukan pada tahun 1975. Lapangan "X" hingga saat ini masih memproduksikan gas dari reservoar yang bersifat "Tight, gas bearing and shaly sand reservoir". Pada penelitian ini dilakukan perhitungan sifat mekanika dari data sumur dan log data yang meliputi perhitungan hidrostatik, Overburden Pressure (Sv), Pore Pressure (Pp), Minimum Horizontal Stress (Shmin), Maximum Horizontal Stres (SHmax) dan Rock Strength - Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS). Data 2D Post Stack inversi seismik dipergunakan untuk mendapatkan distribusi mekanik dari Rock strength (UCS) dan nilai critical stress pada zona target (fasies batupasir, shaly-sand, serpih dan karbonat). Selanjutnya penelitian menghitung niali estimasi TOC dengan Passey's Method (1990), menggunakan log sonik dan resistivitas serta penentuan nilai Vitrinite Reflectance (Ro) dan Level of Organic Maturity (LOM). Pada akhirnya, penelitian ini berusaha mencari hubungan antara sifat mekanis dan kandungan TOC pada reservoar. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah meliputi tiga data sumuran (wireline logs), seismik 2D, data reservoar/engineering (Mudlog, RFT, DST, LOT/FIT, pressure tests), laporan sumur dan data geologi regional. Studi analisis geomekanika pada lapangan "X" dapat ditentukan bahwa nilai critical stress maksimum sekitar 9000 psi untuk proses fracturing zona reservoar, yang bertujuan memperbesar aliran produksi hidrokarbon. Hasil petrofisika kandungan TOC pada ketiga sumur menunjukkan bahwa Formasi Bebulu (Early Miocene) di Kutai Basin berpotensi mengandung sumberdaya, baik conventional dan unconventional hydrocarbon.

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This research aims to develop the concept/methods geomechanics analysis and petrophysical relation to the content of TOC also its application in order to determine the exploration potential that still exists for the development of the field "X", discovered in 1975. Field "X" is still producing gas from the reservoir is "Tight, bearing and shaly sand gas reservoir".

The research is to calculate the mechanical properties from the well and log data, which include the calculation of hydrostatic, Overburden Pressure (Sv), Pore Pressure (Pp), the Minimum Horizontal Stress (Shmin), the Maximum Horizontal stress (SHmax) and Uniaxial Compressive Rock Strength-Strength (UCS). 2D Data Post Stack seismic inversion was used to get the mechanical distribution of Rock strength (UCS) and the value of critical stress on the target zone (facies: shaly sandstone, sand, shale and carbonates). Next step is estimate the toc value with Passey 's method (1990), using a sonic and resistivity log and also the determination of Vitrinite Reflectance (Ro) and the level of organic maturity (LOM).

Finally, this research trying to find the relationship between the mechanical properties and the TOC content in reservoir. The data used in this research are three well data (wireline logs), 2D seismic data, reservoar/engineering data (Mudlog, RFT, DST, LOT/FIT, pressure tests), well reports and regional geology data.

Studies of geomechanics analysis in the field "X" can be determined that the maximum value of the critical stress of about 9000 psi reservoir zones for fracturing process, which aims to increase the flow of hydrocarbon production. Petrophysical results of TOC content on all three wells showed that Bebulu Formation (Early Miocene) in the Kutai Basin has the potential to contain resources, both conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons."

"ABSTRAKPenurunan produktivitas reservoar migas adalah masalah yang dihadapi lapangan produksi minyak dan gas bumi. Enhanced Oil Recovery EOR dengan waterflooding merupakan salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan sebagai solusi untuk mempertahankan produksi dengan menjaga tekanan reservoar. Pemodelan pore pressure yang akurat dapat membantu dalam melakukan upaya waterflooding. Tesis ini bertujuan untuk memodelkan geomekanika reservoar lapangan migas yang berada di Cekungan Sumatera Utara dengan melakukan proses pemfilteran data sumur sebagai langkah awal untuk membangun model pore pressure yang akurat. Wilayah studi penelitian ini adalah lapangan produksi tua di Cekungan Sumatra Utara. Lapangan ini memiliki banyak data sumur produksi. Data sumur tersebut harus dipilih yang masih cocok dengan data seismik yang tersedia untuk membangun model pore pressure yang akurat. Penggunaan pore pressure model memungkinkan semua informasi yang berkaitan dengan geomekanika pengeboran dan produksi dapat diamati. Data tekanan sumur yang diukur dalam reservoar telah disaring untuk membangun model. Dalam penelitian ini telah diintegrasikan data seismik tiga dimensi 3D dalam membangun distribusi model yang mencakup sebagian besar area lapangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan lebih dari 100 data sumur yang telah berproduksi lebih dari 40 tahun. Tahap filtering menghasilkan 43 sumur untuk membangun model log pore pressure satu dimensi. Model pore pressure tersebut didistribusikan dengan data seismik 3D yang disajikan dalam parameter akustik impedansi. Hasil model menunjukkan bahwa ada variasi parameter pore pressure di lapangan ini, yang merupakan sumber informasi penting dalam melakukan upaya waterflooding yang sukses di masa yang akan datang.

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ABSTRACTReservoir depletion is a problem faced by mature oil and gas production fields. Enhanced Oil Recovery EOR by waterflooding is one of solutions to maintain the reservoir pressure. An accurate pore pressure model can be helpful in performing a successful waterflooding. This thesis aims to model the geomechanics of oil and gas reservoir which is located in the North Sumatra Basin by performing well data filtering as a first step to build an accurate pore pressure model. The study area of this research is a mature production field in North Sumatra Basin that has been depleted for many years. This field has many production well data. These well data must be filtered based on the pressure changes from seismic data acquisition as a reference in order to construct an accurate pore pressure model. The use of pore pressure model allows all information related to geomechanics of drilling and production can be observed. In this study, the pore pressure was distributed throughout the field that was guided by 3D seismic data. 100 productive wells that have been performed for more than 40 years of production are used, which was applied to the filtering. The filtering stage resulted in 43 wells to construct one dimensional pore pressure model, which was integrated to the 3D seismic data presented in acoustic impedance parameter. The model shows that there are variations of the geomechanical parameter on the field which is a helpful information in performing a successful waterflooding project in the future."