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"Selama ini, pengalaman di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa susu rendah laktosa atau susu bebas laktosa telah digunakan secara luas dalam masyarakat tanpa melihat sebab diare, dan derajat dehidrasi. Seperti diketahui, selain harga yang relatif mahal, laktosa merupakan sumber karbohidrat pada susu yang diperlukan bagi pertumbuhan terutama pada bayi dengan susu sebagai makanan utama. Laktosa juga berfungsi menambah absorpsi kalsium. Hasil pemecahan laktosa yaitu galaktosa berperan dalam memproduksi glikoprotein dan glikolipid yang berguna dalam perkembangan otak. Perlu dilakukan penelitian apakah setiap anak dengan diare akut harus mengganti susu formula.Walaupun penelitian meta-analisis telah dilakukan oleh Brown dkk15 namun penelitian secara langsung membandingkan susu formula yang mengandung laktosa dan susu formula yang tidak mengandung laktosa pada tata laksana diare akut tanpa dehidrasi atau dehidrasi ringan-sedang pada pasien rawat jalan belum ada di Indonesia.RUMUSAN MASALAHBerdasarkan latar belakang di atas, maka masalah penelitian ini adalah :1. Apakah setiap anak usia 6 - 24 bulan dengan diare akut memerlukan penggantian susu formula lanjutan menjadi susu formula bebas laktosa?2. Bagaimana efek susu formula bebas laktosa terhadap lama diare dibandingkan dengan susu formula lanjutan?3. Bagaimana efek susu formula bebas laktosa terhadap frekuensi diare dibandingkan dengan susu formula lanjutan?TUJUAN PENELITIANTujuan umumUntuk membandingkan efek pemberian susu formula bebas laktosa dibandingkan susu formula lanjutan terhadap perjalan klinis diare akut pada anak usia 6 - 24 bulan di Unit Rawat Jalan Departemen IKA FKUIRSCM, Jakarta dan Unit Gawat Darurat Anak RSCM, Jakarta.Tujuan khususTujuan khusus utamaUntuk membandingkan efek susu formula bebas laktosa dan susu formula lanjutan terhadap lama dan frekuensi diare akut pada anak usia 6 - 24 bulan di Unit Rawat Jalan Departemen IKA FKUI-RSCM, Jakarta dan Unit Gawat Darurat Anak RSCM, Jakarta.Tujuan khusus tambahanMengetahui efek pemberian susu formula bebas laktosa dan susu formula lanjutan pada diare akut terhadap kegagalan terapi."

"Angka Kematian Bayi di Indonesia adalah 35/1000 kelahiran hidup berada di posisi keenam di negara Asean. Salah satu upaya yang efisien untuk menu-runkan angka kematian tersebut adalah pemberian ASI eksklusif yang memperlihatkan tren yang menurun, pada tahun 1997, (40,2%), 2002 (39,5%) dan 2007(32%). Artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji kebijakan pemerintah memenuhi hak anak terhadap ASI. Metode yang digunakan melakukan telaah berbagai studi ten-tang kebijakan dan perundangan ASI di dunia dan di Indonesia,pada periode 2000-2007. Angka ASI eksklusif di dunia sangat bervariasi dan tidak berbandinglurus dengan kemajuan suatu negara. Jepang dan Inggris adalah contoh negara maju dengan angka ASI eksklusif yang rendah. Susu formula, sosial budayadan wanita bekerja menjadi alasan pemakaian susu formula yang rendah. Di Indonesia, kasus balita gizi buruk pada tahun 1989, (75/10.000) dan pada tahun2002 (70,3/ 10.000) memperlihatkan tren penurunan yang rendah. Meskipun manfaat ASI dirasakan oleh semua pihak, tetapi angka pemberian ASI masihtergolong rendah, sementara pemasaran susu formula, sosial budaya, dan wanita bekerja tidak mendukung pemberian ASI. Di Indonesia hanya ada 2 kepu-tusan menteri kesehatan (237/1997 dan 450/2004) yang mengatur pemberian ASI. Kebijakan yang ada belum mampu mengatasi angka pemberian ASI yangrendah. Disarankan untuk meningkatkan status hukum kebijakan yang ada dan mengupayakan peningkatan komitmen.Infant mortality rate in Indonesia (35/1000 life birth) is one of the poorest (ranked number six) among ASEAN countries. One known efficient measure for re-ducing the infant mortality rate is exclusive breast feeding (EBF) which in fact showing a decreasing trend (40.2% in 1997, 39.5% in 2002 and 32.0% in 2007).The objective of this article is to evaluate government policy regarding the fulfillment of child?s rights to get adequate breastfeeding. The method used is byliterature review of studies about breast feeding policy and regulations in the world and in Indonesia, during the period of 2000-2007. The EBF rates in theword are varied and not related to the developmental level of the country. Japan and England are examples of developed countries with low EBF rate. Formulamilk, sosio-cultural, and working women are the most reasons of the low rate of EBF. In Indonesia, the cases of malnutrition among children under five yearsin 1989 (75/10.000) and in 2002 (70, 3/ 10.000 showed a decreasing trend. Although the benefit of the breastfeeding is known by almost all people, but theEBF rate is still low. Meanwhile, formula milk marketing, sosio-cultural aspects, and the phenomenon of increasing number of working women do not supportEBF. In Indonesia, there are only two ministry regulations (237/1997 and 450/2004) that regulated EBF. The existing policies are not strong enough to solvethe problem of low EBF rate. It is suggested to improve the legal aspects including policy and regulations as well as improvement in government commitmentto support EBF."

"Dental caries is a multifactorial disease that can affect all levels of society. There are several factors that take part ini caries initiation. Caries risk factors in children are related to age, gender, use of bottles, tooth brushing frequency, the role of the mother, and parental education. The purpose of this studywas to find out factors related to the cause of early childhood caries experienced by preschool children at PAUD Kenanga 17 Kelurahan Penjaringan, Kecamatan Penjaringan, North Jakarta. An observational analytical methods with cross sectional approach was used in this study. Subject in this study consisted of 20 children as a total sample of the population. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires and def-t index was employed for dental examination. Data processing and statistical analysis using chi-square test were applied with a significance value of p <0.05. The results showed significant correlation between age (p value 0.001) and gander (p value 0.047) andearly childhood caries.however, no correlation was observed betwen the use of bottle (p value = 0.909), frequency of tooth brushing (p value 1.00), role of mother (p value 1.00), and i parental education (p value = 0.798) and early childhood caries."

"Angka Kematian Bayi AKB menjadi salah satu poin prioritas pembangunan kesehatan dan indikator kualitas hidup dan derajat kesehatan masyarakat. Salah satu cara untuk menurunkan tingginya AKB adalah dengan memenuhi kebutuhan gizi bayi dan balita melalui pemberian ASI secara eksklusif selama 6 bulan. Cakupan ASI eksklusif di Jakarta tahun 2015 sebesar 67,1, sedangkan di wilayah kota Jakarta Selatan sebesar 34,5 dan untuk wilayah Puskesmas Kecamatan Pasar Minggu pada tahun 2015 sebesar 68 dan mengalami penurunan pada tahun 2016 menjadi 59,4 . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan hubungan pengetahuan ibu, Inisiasi Menyusu Dini, dan keterpaparan informasi susu formula dengan pemberian ASI eksklusif pada bayi usia 0 ndash; 6 bulan di Puskesmas Kecamatan Pasar Minggu Tahun 2017. Desain penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitaif dengan responden seluruh ibu yang mempunyai bayi usia 7 ndash; 24 bulan sebanyak 84 responden. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner, kemudian dianalisa secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hanya 35,7 responden yang ASI eksklusif. Hasil analisis bivariat yang terbukti berhubungan secara bermakna adalah pengetahuan ibu p=0,024, dan Keterpaparan informasi dan promosi susu formula p=0,009 dengan perilaku pemberian ASI eksklusif. Disarankan bagi Puskesmas kecamatan Pasar Minggu untuk memberikan informasi tentang ASI eksklusif dan IMD pada ibu dan keluarganya sejak dalam masa kehamilan, meningkatkan pengetahuan tenaga kesehatan mengenai tata cara pelaksanaan IMD dan kebijakan terkait IMD dan ASI eksklusif dan melakukan supervisi, serta meningkatkan sosialisasi pentingnya pemberian ASI eksklusif dan larangan pemberian susu formula untuk bayi 0 - 6 bulan tanpa indikasi medis, menyediakan klinik laktasi atau sarana konsultasi laktasi untuk ibu yang mengalami kesulitan atau masalah dalam proses menyusui. Bagi Ibu dan keluarga untuk meningkatkan mereka suami/ibu/ibu mertua tentang ASI sejak kehamilan, tentang IMD dan peraturan pemerintah tentang larangan penggunaan susu formula untuk bayi 0 ndash; 6 bulan tanpa indikasi medis.

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Infant Mortality Rate IMR became one of the priority points of health development and quality of life indicator and public health status. The way used to decrease the high rate of IMR is to fulfill the nutritional needs of infants and toddlers through exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months. The coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in Jakarta in 2015 amounted to 67.1, while in South Jakarta city area was 34.5 and for the Puskesmas Kecamatan Pasar Minggu area in 2015 was 68 and decreased in 2016 to 59.4 . This study aims to determine the relationship of knowledge of mother, Initiation of Early Breastfeeding, and exposure of infant formula information with exclusive breastfeeding in infants aged 0 6 months in Puskesmas Pasar Minggu Subdistrict 2017. The design of this study is a quantitative study with respondents all mothers who have infants aged 7 24 months as many as 84 respondents. Technique of collecting data using questioner, then analyzed by univariat and bivariate using chi square.

The results showed that only 35.7 of respondents were exclusive breastfeeding. The result of bivariate analysis that proved to be significantly related was maternal knowledge p 0,024, and exposure of information and promotion of infant formula p 0,009 with exclusive breastfeeding behavior. Suggested to Puskesmas Kecamatan Pasar Minggu to provide information on exclusive breastfeeding and IMD to mothers and their families since pregnancy, to increase the knowledge of health personnel on IMD implementation procedures and related policies on IMD and exclusive breastfeeding and to supervise and to increase the socialization of the importance of exclusive breastfeeding and prohibition of infant formula feeding 0 6 months without medical indication, providing lactation clinic or lactation consultation facility for mother having difficulties or problems in breastfeeding process. For mothers and families to improve their knowledge husband mother mother in law about breastfeeding since pregnancy, IMD and government regulations about the prohibition of using infant formula 0 6 months without medical indication. "

"Ruang lingkup dan cara penelitian: Penderita kanker kolorektal sering mengalami malnutrisi. Untuk memperkecil komplikasi paska bedah, diperlukan tunjangan nutrisi bagi penderita pra bedah kanker kolorektal dengan malnutrisi. Sebagai tunjangan nutrisi, susu lazim digunakan di rumah sakit. Tetapi pemberian susu pada orang dewasa dan keadaan malnutrisi sering menimbulkan intoleransi, sehingga diperlukan bahan makanan lain sebagai penggantl susu. Tempe merupakan sumber gizi tradisional yang memiliki banyak kelebihan karakteristik, diharapkan dapat sebagal pengganti susu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan pengaruh suplementasi formula tempe dan susu terhadap .perubahan kadar transperin serum penderita kanker kolorektal dengan malnutrisi. Penelitian dilakukan di RSUPNCM, Jakarta. Penderita pra bedah kanker kolorektal yang memenuhi kriteria penerimaan di bagi dua kelompok secara acak. Pada kelompok tempe mendapat suplementasi formula tempe 100 g/hari dan kelompok susu diberikan suplementasi susu full cream 75 g/hari, selama 7hari. Pada awal dan akhir penelitian diperiksa kadar transferin serum sebagai parameter status protein. Hasil: Terjadi peningkatan kadar transferin serum yaitu dari (200,36 ± 29,10) mg/dL menjadi (250,36 ± 91,00) mg/dL pada kelompok tempe dan dari {195,33 ± 29,70) mg/dL., menjadi (276,13 ± 134,15) mg/dL pada kelompok susu. Peningkatan ini secara statistik bermakna (p < 0,05). Bila dibandingkan kedua kelompok tersebut, kadar transferin serum sesudah suplementasi secara statistik tidak berbeda bermakna (p > 0,05). Kesimpulan: Suplementasi formula tempe atau susu pada penderita pra bedah kanker kolorektal dengan malnutrisi, dapat meningkatkan kadar transferin serum yang setara. Formula tempe merupakan sumber protein nabati dapat digunakan sebagai pilihan alternatif pengganti susu.

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Comparison Study Of The Influence Of Tempe Formula And Milk Supplementation Towards The Transferrin Serum Content Of Pre Surgery Colorectal Cancer Patient With Malnutrition.Scope and Method of Study. A colorectal cancer victim often suffers of malnutrition. To reduce complications a colorectal cancer patient with malnutrition requires nutritional support before surgery. Generally in hospitals milk is used as nutritional support. However milk otten causes intolerance to adults and cases of malnutrition, therefore other foodstuff is required to substitute for milk. Tempe represents a traditional source of nutrition with many characteristic advantages and expected useable as a substitute for milk.

The aim of this study is to compare the influence of tempe formula and milk supplementation towards the change of transferrin serum content in colorectal cancer patients with malnutrition. The study is conducted at the RSUPNCM in Jakarta. Pre surgery colorectal cancer patients fulfilling the criteria are divided at random into two groups. The tempe group receives a supplementation of 100 grams per day tempe formula, while the milk group is given supplementation of full cream milk powder of 75 grams per day for 7 days. At the beginning and conclusion of the study the transferrin serum content is examined as a paramenter of the protein status.

Result: An increase of the transferrin serum content has 1 occured, i.e. from (100,36 ± 29,10) mg/dL to (250,36 ± 91,00) 1 mg/dL in the tempe group and from (195,33 ± 20,70) mg/dL to (276,13 ± 134,15) mg/dL in the milk group. Statistically the increase is significant (p < 0,05). When comparing the two groups the transferrin serum content supplementation does not differ significantly statistic-wise (p > 0,05).

Conclusions: The supplementation of either tempe formula or milk to pre surgery colorectal cancer patients with malnutrition equally increases the transferrin serum content. The tempe formula represents a vegetative source of protein and can be used as an alternative option of milk."

"Metode sensitif dan tervalidasi untuk penentuan melamin dan asam sianurat dalam susu formula dikembangkan menggunakan kromatografi cair kinerja tinggideteksi diode array (HPLC-PDA) dengan ekstraksi fasa-padat (solid-phase extractor). Kondisi ekstraksi, SPE, dan KCKT diteliti dan dioptimisasi. Linearitas dalam konsentrasi 0,25-5,00 μg/mL memiliki koefisien korelasi 0,9951 untuk asam sianurat standar dan 0,9987 untuk melamin standar. Pada kondisi optimal, batas deteksi (limit of detection/LOD) dan batas kuantifikasi (limit of quantification/LOQ) untuk asam sianurat adalah 0,668 ppm dan 2,227 ppm; dan untuk melamin adalah 0,280 ppm dan 0,934 ppm. Temu balik melamin pada sampel susu yang ditambahkan dengan 24,7-100,2 mg/L diketahui sebesar 96,73- 99,46% dengan SBR (n = 3) 6,458-8,745%. Suatu optimisasi dan metode validasi untuk penentuan melamin dan asam sianurat dalam sampel susu formula didapatkan dan telah diterapkan dengan baik.

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A sensitive and validated method for the determination of melamin and cyanuric acid in formula milk is developed using high-performance liquid chromatographydiode array detection (HPLC-DAD) with solid-phase extraction (SPE). The conditions of the extraction, SPE, and HPLC were investigated and optimized. The linearity of satisfactory in the range of 0,25-5,00 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0,9951 for cyanuric acid standard and 0,9987 for melamine. Under the optimal condition, the method limit of detection (LOD) and method limit of quantification (LOQ) for cyanuric acid were 0,668 ppm and 2,227 ppm; and for melamine were 0,280 ppm and 0,934 ppm, respectively. The recovery of melamine for milk samples spiked with 24,7-100,2 mg/L was in the range of 96,73-99,46% with the RSDs (n = 3) of 6,458-8,745%. An optimization and validation method for determination of melamine and cyanuric acid in formula milk samples was achieved and has been applied successfully."

"The prevalence and severity of caries in children under three years old are constantly increasing. One of the cause is the increase consumption of cariogenic carbohydrate. Breast milk have buffer capacity that eventually able to prevent caries. The aims of this research are to discover the correlation between breastfeeding with the severity of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) in children under three years old, to provide information on prevalence and severity of caries in children under three years, and to explain factors influencing the incidence of ECC. This research designed cross sectionally and conducted upon 565 children aged 12-38 months, selected using multistage cluster random sampling. The ECC prevalence of children under three years in DKI Jakarta is 52.7%, with average score of def-t 2.85. Bivariate analysis showed that, variables which correlate with the level of ECC are; the way to deliver (p=0,012), frequency (p=0,002), duration (p=0,002), salivary buffer capacity (p=0.013), habitual consumption of sugary diet (p=0.005), child?s dental hygiene behavior (p=0.002), and mother?s education (p=0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that ECC can be explained by these variables: age, mother?s education, the way to deliver and frequency of breast milk complements/replacement of consumtions, child?s brushing habit, plaque pH, and salivary buffer capacity. Resulting determination coefficient 32.1%. There is no significant correlation between breastfeeding and the level of Early Childhood Caries (ECC). The role of protective qualities of breastfeeding are not shown because of bias in obtaining data influence the incidence of caries."

"The coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in the City of Pagar Alam in 2011 was by 43%. Advertising of infant formula has reached privately practicing midwives or health centers. The approach from infant formula manufacturers to midwives in health centers is by providing free milk formula to nursing mothers to be distributed under the pretext of promotion. The objective of this study is to analyze the determinants of exclusive breastfeeding practice failures in the City of Pagar Alam of South Sumatra Province. The population study with an unmatched case-control design was conducted in the City of Pagar Alam. The population was all breastfeeding mothers who had babies in the city of Pagar Alam of South Sumatra Province.The research subjects are breastfeeding mothers who had babies aged 7 - 12 months who selected with proportional random sampling method. The variables of the study included the dependent variable, i.e, the practice of exclusive breastfeeding, the independent variable, i.e, promotion of free milk formula samples. The risk of not exclusively breast feeding amang mothers who had accepted formula milk samples and who absence of support posed by health workers is 3.67 and 4.20 times higher the mothers who had not accepted the formula milk sample and who absence of support posed by heath worker."