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"Stunting merupakan salah satu kondisi gagal tumbuh pada anak dimana tinggi badan anak <-2SD menurut tabel Z-score WHO. Ada beberapa hal yang menjadi penyebab utama masalah stunting pada anak, salah satunya yaitu ketidakoptimalan praktik pemberian makan anak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi gambaran praktik pemberian makan pada anak Batita yang mengalami stunting di Jakarta. Partisipan yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini yaitu sebanyak 15 orang partisipan. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis konten. Hasil analisis data memperoleh 11 tema yang menggambarkan praktik pemberian makan pada anak Batita yang mengalami stunting di Jakarta antara lain : 1) Bayi dirawat terpisah dengan ibu setelah lahir, 2) Bayi diberikan susu formula menunggu ibu pulih, 3) Bayi diberikan ASI dan kontak dengan ibu hanya sebentar saat baru lahir, 4) Ibu senang bisa menyusui anaknya, 5) ASI dibantu dengan susu formula karena ASI kurang banyak pada usia 0-6 bulan, 6) Bayi diberikan ASI lanjutan, 7) Ibu memberikan MPASI dengan bubur bayi instan dan bubur tim siap saji, 8) Frekuensi pemberian makan 2-3 kali sehari dengan porsi yang sedikit, 9) Keragaman diet tidak terpenuhi, 10) Menu makanan disesuaikan dengan kondisi ekonomi, dan 11) Asupan makanan yang mengandung zat besi kurang optimal. Pemberian edukasi yang optimal kepada ibu hamil dan ibu yang memiliki Balita tentang praktik pemberian makan yang tepat diharapkan dapat menurunkan kejadian stunting di Indonesia.Kata kunci : Batita, praktik pemberian makan, stunting

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Stunting is a condition of failed to grow in children where the child's height is <-2SD according to the WHO Z-score table. There are several things that are the main causes of stunting problems in children, one of which is the inability to maximumly feed the children practices. The aim of this study is to explore the illustration of feeding practices for stunting toddlers in Jakarta. Participants involved in this study are 15 participants. The data analysis used in this study is content analysis. The results of the data analysis obtained 11 themes that illustrated the practice of feeding toddlers who experience stunting in Jakarta, among others : 1) Babies treated separately from mothers after birth, 2) Babies given formula milk waiting for mothers to recover, 3) Babies given breast milk and contact with mother only for a short while at birth, 4) Mother is happy to be able to breastfeed her child, 5) breast milk is assisted with formula milk because there is not much milk at the age of 0-6 months, 6) Babies are given continued breastfeeding, 7) Mothers provide instant porridge and ready-to-serve steam chicken rice, 8) Frequency of feeding 2-3 times a day with a small portion, 9) Diversity of diets not fulfilled, 10) Food menu adapted to economic conditions, and 11) Intake of foods containing iron is not optimal. Providing optimal education to pregnant women and mothers who have toddlers about proper feeding practices is expected to reduce the incidence of stunting in Indonesia.

Keywords : Toddlers, feeding practices, stunting"

"Anak-anak dan remaja dengan down syndrome berisiko mengalami overweight dan obesitas dibandingkan populasi umum. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan pola asupan energi dan zat gizi, praktik pemberian makan serta perilaku makan mereka. Sebanyak 25 anak dan remaja dilibatkan dalam pengukuran antropometri dan pencatatan riwayat asupan dengan metode 24-hour food recall untuk menilai status gizi dan asupan zat gizi mereka. Pendekatan kualitatif dilakukan untuk memahami praktik pemberian makan orang tua dan perilaku makan anak. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) dilakukan terhadap sekelompok orang tua anak down syndrome berstatus gizi normal berdasarkan indeks IMT/U. Wawancara mendalam juga dilakukan dengan ahli gizi dan dokter spesialis anak. Ditemukan bahwa walaupun sebagian besar (80%) anak dan remaja berstatus gizi normal, rerata asupan energi, protein, karbohidrat, dan lemak lebih rendah dari rekomendasi AKG yang berpotensi disebabkan oleh upaya orang tua untuk mengontrol asupan kalori anak mereka secara dominan. Hal ini diperkuat dengan temuan kekhawatiran serius terhadap pertumbuhan anak, laporan rendahnya kontrol anak terhadap sinyal kenyang, serta sensitivitas tekstur. Penilaian pemberian makanan pada setiap kunjungan harus dilakukan, dengan mempertimbangkan aspek karakteristik down syndrome yang dapat mempengaruhi penerimaan makanan mereka.

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Children and adolescents with down syndrome are at risk of being overweight and obese than the general population. This study aims to assess their energy and nutrient intake, feeding practices and eating behaviour. A total of 25 children and adolescents were included in anthropometric measurements and 24-hour food recall to assess their nutritional status and dietary intake. To understand parents' feeding practices and their child's eating behaviour, a qualitative approach was taken. A focus group discussion (FGD) was conducted with a group of parents of a child with down syndrome and had normal growth status based on BMI-for-age. In-depth interviews were also conducted with a registered dietician and paediatrician. Although the majority (80%) of children and adolescents had normal nutritional status, their average intake of energy, protein, carbohydrates, and fat were lower than the AKG recommendation, which were potentially caused by parents' predominant control of child's calorie intake. This is later confirmed by parents’ great concerns about child’s growth, reports of child’s low satiety responsiveness, and texture sensitivity. Feeding assessment at any visit should be addressed, taking into account down syndrome's characteristics that may influence their food acceptance."

"Prevalensi kejadian stunting pada anak balita masih memerlukan perhatian serius. Kejadian stunting dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor salah satunya peran anggota keluarga dalam pengasuhan termasuk ayah dan praktik pemberian makan. Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan peran ayah dan praktik pemberian makan dengan kejadian stunting pada balita di Kota Depok. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel penelitian menggunakan teknik non- probability sampling dengan metode purposive sampling. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 111 responden di 3 Puskesmas dengan tingkat stunting tertinggi di Kota Depok. Hasil penelitian yang di analisis dengan uji chi square menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara peran ayah dengan kejadian stunting (p value = 0,683 ; α=0,05). Hasil penelitian yang dianalisis dengan uji independent t-test menunjukkan ada hubungan signifikan anatara praktik pemberian makan dengan kejadian stunting (p value = 0,004; α = 0,05). Program kerja yang telah dilaksanakan seperti “Alarm Stunting” kurang melibatkan ayah dalam proses pelaksanaannya, sehingga hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi saran bagi perawat dan tenaga kesehatan di puskesmas untuk melaksanakan program pencegahan stunting dengan melibatkan peran keluarga seperti ayah dalam pemenuhan gizi balita.

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The prevalence of stunting in children under five still requires serious attention. The incidence of stunting is influenced by various factors, one of which is the role of family members in parenting, including fathers, and feeding practices. The aim of the research was to determine the relationship between father's role and feeding practices and incidents stunting in toddlers in Depok City. This research design uses a descriptive correlation design with a correlation approach cross sectional. Research samples were taken using techniques non-probability sampling with method purposive sampling. This research was conducted on 111 respondents at 3 health centers at various levels stunting highest in Depok City. The research results were analyzed using tests chi square showed that there was no significant relationship between the father's role and the incidence of stunting (p value = 0.683 ; α=0.05). The research results were analyzed using tests independent t-test shows that there is a significant relationship between feeding practices and the incidence of stunting (p value = 0.004; α = 0.05). Work programs that have been implemented such as "Alarm Stunting" there is less involvement of fathers in the implementation process, so it is hoped that the results of this research can be a suggestion for nurses and health workers at community health centers to implement prevention programs stunting by involving the role of families such as fathers in fulfilling toddler nutrition."

"Penelitian ini membahas tentang dampak praktik pemberian makan terhadap status gizi anak dalam konteks malnutrisi yakni stunting anak di Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan data yang diambil dari Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS). Metode Ordinary Least Square (OLS) digunakan untuk menjelaskan tingkat signifikansi dari setiap variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen melalui parameter koefisien. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pada model dengan metode Ordinary Least Square, ditemukan bahwa karakteristik praktik pemberian makan berupa pengetahuan ASI eksklusif ibu dan usia anak pertama kali diberi air putih secara signifikan menaikkan status gizi anak dan berpotensi dalam mengurangi resiko terkena malnutrisi, khususnya stunting. Durasi menyusui ditemukan secara signifikan menurunkan status gizi anak dan berpotensi dalam menaikkan resiko stunting. dalam konteks durasi menyusui, meskipun pada dasarnya bersifat counterintuitive, terdapat beberapa alasan mengapa lamanya durasi menyusui dapat menurunkan status gizi anak; keterlambatan atau tertundanya pemberian makanan tambahan pada pola makan bayi atau karena kurangnya sumber daya di rumah tangga untuk menyediakan makanan pendamping bagi bayi mengakibatkan anak tidak dapat mengembangkan nafsu makan yang sehat terhadap makanan pendamping sehingga membuat anak terlalu bergantung pada ASI sebagai sumber makanan utama. Meskipun ASI memiliki nilai gizi yang tinggi, tetapi memiliki nilai kalori yang rendah sehingga tidak cocok sebagai makanan tunggal setelah usia tertentu. Durasi menyusui harus disesuaikan dengan pengetahuan ibu dalam memberikan ASI eksklusif dan juga memperhatikan kapan umur yang tepat untuk memperkenalkan makanan pendamping ASI sehingga memperkecil kemungkinan terjadinya malnutrisi gizi pada anak. Penelitian ini menujukkan betapa kompleksnya faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi status gizi anak. Praktik pemberian makan merupakan salah satu pondasi utama dalam mencegah stunting pada anak sehingga diperlukan desain kebijakan yang tepat agar praktik pemberian makan yang tepat dapat diterapkan sehingga hasilnya dapat meningkatkan status gizi anak Indonesia.

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This study discusses the impact of feeding practices on children's nutritional status in the context of malnutrition, namely child stunting in Indonesia. The study was conducted using data taken from the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS). The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method was used to explain the level of significance of each independent variable to the dependent variable through the coefficient parameter. Based on the results of the study on the Ordinary Least Square method model, it was found that the characteristics of feeding practices in the form of knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding of mothers and the age of children first given water significantly increased children's nutritional status and had the potential to reduce the risk of malnutrition, especially stunting. The duration of breastfeeding was found to significantly reduce children's nutritional status and had the potential to increase the risk of stunting. In the context of breastfeeding duration, although basically counterintuitive, there are several reasons why the length of breastfeeding duration can reduce children's nutritional status; delay or postponement of supplementary feeding in infant diet or due to lack of resources in household to provide complementary feeding for infants results in children not being able to develop a healthy appetite for complementary feeding, making children too dependent on breast milk as the main food source. Although breast milk has high nutritional value, it has low calorie value, so it is not suitable as a single food after a certain age. The duration of breastfeeding must be adjusted to the mother's knowledge in providing exclusive breastfeeding and paying attention to when is the right age to introduce complementary feeding to reduce the possibility of malnutrition in children. This study shows how complex the factors that can affect a child's nutritional status are. Feeding practices are one of the main foundations in preventing stunting in children, so appropriate policy design is needed so that appropriate feeding practices can be implemented so that the results can improve the nutritional status of Indonesian children."

"ABSTRAKPembentukan perilaku diit dimulai pada masa prasekolah dan dipengaruhi olehfaktor keluarga. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan karakteristikindividu dan praktik pemberian makan dalam keluarga dengan perilaku konsumsibuah dan sayur pada anak usia prasekolah. Desain deskriptif korelasi denganpendekatan cross sectional dilakukan pada keluarga yang memiliki anak usiaprasekolah. Hasil menunjukkan terdapat hubungan bermakna antara pendidikanibu, kontrol makanan, model peran, pelibatan anak, edukasi nutrisi, sertapenyediaan buah dan sayur terhadap perilaku konsumsi buah dan sayur anak usiaprasekolah dengan p value < 0,05. Pendidikan kesehatan dan konseling praktikpemberian makan sesuai tahapan usia anak perlu dilakukan sebagai upayapromotif dan preventif

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ABSTRACTDietary behavior and patterns are established during pre-school years andinfluenced by parents. The study aim is to determine the association betweenindividual characteristics and parenting feeding practices to promote fruit andvegetable and its consumption among pre-school children. A cross sectionaldesign with descriptive correlation was used to 89 family with pre-school agedchildren. It showed statistically significant relationship of education level ofmother, food control, role model, the involvement of children, nutrition education,fruit and vegetable provision (p value < 0,05) with a fruit and vegetableconsumption pre-school aged children. Health education and counseling aboutparental feeding practices needs to be done as promotion and preventionintervention."