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"Latar Belakang: Remineralisasi dentin dapat dicapai melalui beberapa metode, diantaranya secara Guided Tissue Remineralization (GTR) dalam sistem Polymer-Induced Liquid Precursor (PILP). Remineralisasi secara GTR terbukti dapat meremineralisasi affected dentin dengan membentuk mineral intrafibrillar dan ekstrafibrillar. Melalui sistem PILP, kristal terbentuk dengan ukuran kecil sehingga remineralisasi lebih banyak terjadi secara intrafibrillar. Penambahan fluor dalam sistem PILP diharapkan dapat membentuk kristal fluoroapatit yang berukuran lebih besar dan mampu menyempurnakan remineralisasi hingga ke ekstrafibrillar. Penelitian yang ada selama ini hanya berfokus pada permukaan dentin, sedengkan belum terdapat penelitian untuk membuktikan remineralisasi dengan penambahan fluor yang terjadi pada dinding tubulus dentin. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh penambahan fluor 5ppm dan 25ppm dalam sistem PILP terhadap perubahan topografi dinding tubulus dentin dan persentase fluoroapatit. Metode: Sampel blok dentin terdemineralisasi direndam pada larutan remineralisasi dengan penambahan 5ppm dan 25ppm fluor. Sampel blok dentin kemudian akan dipotong lintang menggunakan metode fraktur lalu diamati dan dianalisis menggunakan uji FE-SEM dan XRD. Hasil: Terjadi perubahan topografi pada dinding tubulus dentin setelah dilakukan remineralisasi melalui proses PILPdengan penambahan 5ppm dan 25ppm fluor selama 14 hari yang dievaluasi secara deskriptif menggunakan FE-SEM. Hasil analisis XRD menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna secara statistik penambahan fluor pada larutan remineralisasi PILP terhadap persentase fasa mineral fluoroapatit, namun secara substansi terjadipeningkatan persentase fluorapatit. Kesimpulan: Penambahan fluor dalam sistem PILP berpengaruh terhadap perubahan topografi dinding tubulus dentin dan persentasefluoroapatit.

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Background: Dentine remineralization can be achieved through several methods,

including Guided Tissue Remineralization (GTR) in the Polymer-Induced Liquid

Precursor (PILP) system. GTR remineralization has been shown to remineralize

affected dentin by forming intrafibrillar and extrafibrillar minerals. Through the PILP

system, crystals are formed with small sizes so that more remineralization occurs

intrafibrillarly. The addition of fluorine in the PILP system is expected to form larger

fluoroapatite crystals and be able to complete the remineralization to extrafibrillar. Existing research so far has only focused on the dentin surface, although there has been no research to prove remineralization with the addition of fluorine that occurs in the dentine tubule walls. Objective: To determine the effect of adding 5ppm and 25ppm fluorine in the PILP system on changes in the topography of the dentinal tubule walls and the percentage of fluoroapatite. Methods: Demineralized dentine block samples were immersed in remineralization solution with the addition of 5 ppm and 25 ppm fluorine. The dentine block samples will then be cross-sectioned using the fracture method and then observed and analyzed using the FE-SEM and XRD tests. Results: Topographical changes occurred in the dentinal tubule walls after remineralization through the PILP process with the addition of 5ppm and 25ppm fluorine for 14 days which were evaluated descriptively using FE-SEM. The results of the XRD analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the addition of fluorine to the percentage of fluoroapatite mineral phase in the addition of fluorine to the percentage of fluoroapatite, but in substance there was an increase in the percentage of fluorapatite. Conclusion: The addition of fluorine in the PILP system affected the topography of the dentinal tubule walls and the percentage of fluoroapatite."

"Latar Belakang: Salah satu material remineralisasi yang banyak digunakan adalah semen ionomer kaca (SIK). Namun dentin terdemineralisasi sesudah aplikasi SIK memiliki sifat mekanis yang berbeda dan lebih rendah daripada dentin normal karena remineralisasi yang terjadi adalah remineralisasi interfibril. Material carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) bertindak sebagai analog protein nonkolagen yang mampu menstabilisasi nanocluster amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) dalam proses remineralisasi intrafibril. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi modifikasi SIK-CMC5% dan SIK-CMC10% pada dentin terdemineralisasi terhadap kekerasan mikro, fasa mineral dan derajat kristalinitas dentin. Metode: Material SIK dilakukan pencampuran dengan CMC pada rasio 5% dan 10% menghasilkan SIK-CMC5% dan SIK-CMC10%. Kemudian, demineralisasi pada kavitas dentin terdemineralisasi dilakukan dengan aplikasi material SIK, SIK-CMC5% dan SIK-CMC10%. Akar gigi direndam dalam cairan phosphate-buffered saline selama 14 hari. Remineralisasi dentin dievaluasi dari kekerasan mikro melalui uji Vickers dan penilaian fasa mineral dan derajat kristalinitas dentin dari uji X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Hasil: Kekerasan mikro dentin pada kelompok SIK-CMC5% dan SIK-CMC10% meningkat dibandingkan pada kelompok SIK. Pembentukan kristal hidroksiapatit ditemukan pada sampel SIK dan SIK-CMC, dengan derajat kristalinitas tertinggi pada sampel SIK-CMC10%. Kesimpulan: Semen Ionomer Kaca modifikasi Carboxymethyl Chitosan 10% lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan nilai kekerasan mikro dan mempengaruhi pembentukan fasa mineral kristal hidroksiapatit dan derajat kristalinitas.

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Background: One of the widely used remineralization materials is glass ionomer cement (GIC). However, demineralized dentine after GIC application has different and lower mechanical properties than normal dentin because the remineralization that occurs is interfibril remineralization. Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) acts as noncollagenous protein analog that can stabilize amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) nanoclusters in intrafibril remineralization. Objective: To determine the effect of the application of modified GIC-CMC5% and GIC-CMC10% on the microhardness, mineral phase and degree of crystallinity of demineralized dentin. Methods: GIC material was mixed with CMC at ratio 5% and 10% to produce GIC-CMC5% and GIC-CMC10%. Remineralization of demineralized dentin cavity was carried out by applying GIC, GIC-CMC5% and GIC-CMC10% for 14 days. Remineralization was evaluated from microhardness value through Vickers test and assessment of mineral phase and degree of dentin crystallinity from X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) test. Results: Dentin microhardness in the GIC-CMC5% and GIC-CMC10% was increasing compared to the CIC group. The formation of hydroxyapatite crystals was found in the GIC and GIC-CMC samples with the highest degree of crystallinity in the GIC-CMC10% sample. Conclusion: Modified Glass Ionomer Cement with 10% Carboxymethyl Chitosan is more effective in increasing the microhardness value and affecting the formation of the hydroxyapatite crystalline mineral phase and the degree of crystallinity."