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"The maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD), which is the gold standard for anaerobic energy metabolism capacity, requires multiple tests for evaluation that impose a heavy load on subjects. The maximal accumulated blood lactate (AbLa) concentration is also a measure of anaerobic energy metabolism capacity, and is related to the accumulated oxygen deficit (AOD). Thus, AOD has been estimated by using AbLa (3.0 mL02 * kg-1 * mM"1), but it is unclear if this coefficient is suitable for measurement of supramaximal running of athletes. The purpose of this study was to clarify the estimated expression of AOD by using AbLa from the relationship between MAOD and AbLa during supramaximal running in middle-distance run¬ners. Eleven male middle-distance runners (800m running velocity: 425.3 ± 7.3 m-min'1) took part in this study. They performed three running tests (maximal, submaximal and supramaximal running test) to evaluate MAOD and AbLa. MAOD and AbLa were 56.6 ± 6.0 mL02 * kg'1 and 9.9 ± 1.1 mmolL'1, respectively. We observed a significant positive relationship between MAOD and AbLa (r = 0.73); the regression line equation was y = 3.58x + 18.6. Results showed that the AOD per mM of the AbLa of athletes was 3.58 mL02*kg 1, which was 19% higher than the conventional coefficient value."

"Running economy (RE) at an intensity above the lactate threshold (LT) is reported to be the most important aerobic capacity for estimating 1,500-m running performance. The reason that the RE at intensity better reflects the energy metabolism during a 1,500-m run, is that it is performed above the LT intensity running. This study clarified the relationship be¬tween an 800-m run, which is performed above the LT intensity, and aerobic capacities, includ¬ing the RE measured at intensities below and above the LT. This study included 12 well-trained j male middle-distance runners (800-m velocity: 25.5 ± 0.5 km-h"1, LT intensity: 79.7 ± 5.1%maximal oxygen uptake [VC>2max]). Both the RE of below and above the LT intensity were cal¬culated at 65%V02max (RE6s) and 90%VO2max (RE9o). The 800-m velocity was not related to the VC^max or the LT intensity (r = -0.16 and -0.10, respectively). This velocity correlated with both RE90 and RE65, with the correlation coefficient being higher for RE90 (r = -0.80 vs -0.75). Furthermore, the coefficient of determination for the 800-m velocity determined from V02max, LT intensity and RE90 was higher than that determined from V02max, LT intensity and RE65 (R2 = 0.522 vs 0.428, P = 0.03 vs 0.06). Based on these results, we concluded that the RE at an intensity above the LT might be better than other aerobic capacities for estimating the 800-m running performance, and more than 50% of this performance can be explained by VC max, LT intensity and RE at an intensity above the LT."

"The book covers areas of cellular physiology and metabolism that are of interest to scientists involved in research in diabetes and metabolic diseases. Some chapters of the book are specifically research-oriented, as all the authors are actively practicing either bench or clinical research in the area. In particular, the book discusses classical aspects of cellular physiology and the metabolism of physical exercise, as well as novel topics like exercise in transplantation and exercise in beta-cell failure, which mark the frontiers of research in sport-related sciences and research. "

"Onggok merupakan limbah padat tapioka yang masih mengandung kadar pati tinggi sehingga berpotensi sebagai pakan. Namun alternatif tersebut mempunyai kendala karena onggok mempunyai kandungan protein rendah, dan serat kasarnya tinggi serta adanya sianida yang dapat menyebabkan keracunan. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut perlu dilakukan perbaikan, misalnya melalui proses fermentasi menggunakan kapang Aspergillus niger UICC159 yang mampu memecah pati menjadi glukosa sebagai sumber karbonnya. Sedangkan sebagai sumber nitrogennya dapat digunakan campuran amonium sulfat dengan urea. Untuk mendapatkan produk fermentasi (biomassa) dengan kadar protein tinggi dilakukan variasi ketebalan media (1, 2, dan 3 cm), kadar air (30, 40, dan 50%), serta perbandingan amonium sulfat dengan urea (1:4; 2:3; 3:2; dan 4:1). Kondisi optimum diperoleh pada ketebalan media 2 cm, kadar air 30% dan perbandingan amonium sulfat dan urea 1:4. Biomasa yang dihasilkan memiliki kandungan protein 10,05%, lemak kasar 3,60%, serat kasar 19,00%, dan energi metabolis kimiawi 2806,10 kkal/kg serta energi metabolis biologis 3140,00 kkal/kg."