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"Infertilitas pada pria dialami lebih kurang 30 juta orang serta berkontribusi terhadap 20-30% kasus infertilitas di seluruh dunia. Salah satu penyebab infertilitas pada pria adalah tingginya kadar reactive oxygen species. Kuda laut (Hippocampus comes L.) memiliki senyawa asam amino yang dapat berfungsi sebagai antioksidan sehingga berpotensi untuk meningkatkan motilitas dan viabilitas spermatozoa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak kuda laut (Hippocampus comes L.) terhadap motilitas dan viabilitas spermatozoa manusia secara in vitro. Penelitian ini menggunakan spermatozoa manusia yang tidak diberi perlakuan sebagai kontrol dan perlakuan konsentrasi ekstrak 750, 1.000, 3.000, dan 5.000 ppm serta diinkubasi pada spermatozoa manusia selama 24 jam. Motilitas serta viabilitas spermatozoa diperiksa sebelum diberikan ekstrak dan pada jam ke-1, 3, dan 24 setelah pemberian ekstrak. Motilitas spermatozoa dianalisis dengan uji Kruskal-Wallis dan dilanjutkan dengan uji post-hoc Dunn. Viabilitas spermatozoa dianalisis dengan uji One-Way ANOVA dilanjutkan dengan uji post-hoc Dunnett. Hubungan antara konsentrasi ekstrak dan waktu inkubasi terhadap motilitas dan viabilitas spermatozoa dianalisis menggunakan uji Spearman-rho. Motilitas cenderung meningkat pada jam ke-1 setelah pemberian konsentrasi ekstrak 1.000 ppm (p=0,171;p>0,05) dan jam ke-24 setelah pemberian konsentrasi ekstrak 3.000 ppm (p=0,121;p>0,05). Viabilitas meningkat pada jam ke-24 setelah pemberian konsentrasi ekstrak 1.000 ppm (p=0,013;p<0,05) dan 3.000 ppm (p=0,016;p<0,05). Peningkatan konsentrasi ekstrak berkorelasi negatif dengan motilitas spermatozoa pada jam ke-3 (p=0,000;r=-0,818) dan berkorelasi positif viabilitas spermatozoa pada jam ke-24 (p=0,010;r=0,639). Peningkatan waktu inkubasi berkorelasi negatif terhadap motilitas spermatozoa (p=0,003;r=-0,783) dan viabilitas spermatozoa (p=0,010;r=-0,653). Pemberian ekstrak kuda laut (Hippocampus comes L.) dapat meningkatkan motilitas dan viabilitas spermatozoa manusia.

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Male infertility is experienced by approximately 30 million people and contributes to 20-30% of infertility cases worldwide. One of the causes of male infertility is the high level of reactive oxygen species. The seahorse (Hippocampus comes L.) contains amino acid compounds that can function as antioxidants, potentially enhancing spermatozoa motility and viability. This study aims to investigate the effect of seahorse extract (Hippocampus comes L.) on the motility and viability of human spermatozoa in vitro. The study used untreated human spermatozoa as the control and treated them with different concentrations of seahorse extract (750, 1,000, 3,000, and 5,000 ppm), incubating them for 24 hours. Motility and viability of spermatozoa were examined before the extract was administered and at the 1st, 3rd, and 24th hour after the extract was given. Motility of spermatozoa was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and followed by the post-hoc Dunn test. Viability of spermatozoa was analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and followed by the post-hoc Dunnett test. Correlation between extract concentration and incubation time on motility and viability was analyzed using the Spearman-rho test. Motility tended to increase at the 1st hour after the administration of 1.000 ppm extract (p=0.171;p>0.05) and at the 24th hour after the administration of 3,000 ppm extract (p=0.121; p>0.05). Viability increased at the 24th hour after the administration of 1,000 ppm (p=0.013; p<0.05) and 3,000 ppm (p=0.016; p<0.05) extract. An increase in extract concentration was negatively correlated with spermatozoa motility at the 3rd hour (p=0.000;r=-0.818) and positively correlated with spermatozoa viability at the 24th hour (p=0.010;r=0.639) while incubation time both negatively correlated with spermatozoa motility (p=0.003; r=-0.783) and viability (p=0.010; r=-0.653). In conclusion, in vitro administration of seahorse extract (Hippocampus comes L.) can enhance the motility and viability of human spermatozoa."

"Gangguan keseimbangan hormonal dapat menyebabkan infertilitas pada pria, salah satunya adalah Hipogonadisme. Hipogonadisme ditandai dengan abnormalitas kadar hormon testosteron yang dapat mengganggu proses spermatogenesis. Kuda laut ( Hippocampus spp.) merupakan sumber daya kelautan yang digunakan sebagai pengobatan tradisional di wilayah asia untuk mengatasi infertilitas pada pria. Hippocampus comes merupakan salah satu spesies kuda laut yang memiliki habitat di perairan Indonesia, namun belum banyak penelitian yang meneliti pengaruh spesies kuda laut ini terhadap biomarker terkait infertilitas pria, terutama kadar Luteinizing Hormone sebagai hormon gonadotropin yang menstimulasi sekresi hormon testosteron, serta kajian histologi testikuler mengenai indeks meiosis dan indeks sel Sertoli. Induksi Depot Medroksiprogesteron asetat (DMPA) dapat mengganggu aksis hipotalamus-pituitari-gonad yang menyebabkan turunnya sekresi hormon gonadotropin serta hormon testosteron sehingga mempengaruhi proliferasi dan maturasi sel spermatogenik. Dua puluh delapan tikus jantan Sprague Dawley  diinduksikan DMPA 1,25 mg/kgBB pada minggu ke- 0 dan 12, kemudian dibagi menjadi empat kelompok, yaitu kontrol negatif (CMC Na 1%), dosis ekstrak 150 mg/kgBB, 225 mg/kgBB, dan 300 mg/kgBB. Parameter kadar LH tikus dianalisis menggunakan Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), sedangkan parameter indeks meiosis dan indeks sel Sertoli dianalisis melalui pemeriksaan histologi pewarnaan H&E. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ketiga varian dosis tidak menghasilkan perbedaan yang bermakna antar kelompok pada ketiga parameter, namun cenderung mengalami peningkatan pada dosis 300 mg/kgBB setelah 18 minggu perlakuan.

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Hormonal imbalances can lead to male infertility, one of which is hypogonadism. Hypogonadism is characterized by abnormal levels of testosterone hormone that can disrupt the process of spermatogenesis. Seahorses (Hippocampus spp.) are marine resources used in traditional medicine in Asia to address male infertility. Hippocampus comes is one of the seahorse species that inhabits the waters of Indonesia, but there have been few studies examining the effects of this seahorse species on biomarkers related to male infertility, especially the levels of Luteinizing Hormone as a gonadotropin hormone that stimulates testosterone secretion as well as histological studies of testicular meiotic index and Sertoli cell index. Induction of Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA) can disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, leading to a decrease in the secretion of gonadotropin hormones and testosterone, thus affecting the proliferation and maturation of spermatogenic cells. Twenty-eight male Sprague Dawley rats were induced with 1.25 mg/kg body weight of DMPA in weeks 0 and 12, then divided into four groups: negative control (CMC Na 1%), extract dose of 150 mg/kg BW, 225 mg/kg BW, and 300 mg/kg BW. The levels of LH in the rats were analyzed using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), while the meiotic index and Sertoli cell index parameters were analyzed through histological examination using H&E staining. The results showed that the three dose variants did not produce significant differences between groups in all three parameters, but tended to increase at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight after 18 weeks of treatment."