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"China enjoys a long and profound history of ancient architecture. Her verifiable artifacts could be dated back to 7,000 years ago from Hemudu ruins in Yuyao to Banpo ruins in Xi an. Of course, architecture underwent a long process from primitiveness to sophistication before the Warring States, while in the Qin and Han dynasties, it gained an apparent progress along with the development of production and unification of the country. Moreover, in over a thousand years of the prosperous Tang Dynasty to the Ming and Qing dynasties, it reached several unprecedented peaks which were embodied by diversified building forms and refined planning and exquisite construction."

"Misi kolonialisasi Barat terhadap negara-negara Arab pada sejak abad ke-18 sampai akhir abad ke-19 menyisakan dampak positif dan negatif bagi negara-negara koloninya. Satu sisi, kolonialisme telah membangkitkan kembali kesadaran nasionalisme bangsa Arab yang telah lama terkubur bersamaan dengan kejatuhan dinasti-dinasti Islam masa lalu. Di sisi lain, kolonialisme telah menorehkan luka yang menyebabkan timbulnya kesan kurang sedap tentang Eropa. Persepsi-persepsi yang berkembang di Timur tentang gambaran bangsa Eropa pasca-kolonialisasi akan menjadi topik pembahasan tesis ini_ Dua karya fiksi yang menjadi sampel penelitian adalah novel 'Usfur min as-Syarq (Burung Pipit dari Timur) karya Taufiq al-Hakim dan novel Mausim al Hijrah ila as Syimal (Musim Migrasi ke Utara) karya At-Thayeb Sholeh.Dua masalah pokok yang akan dibahas dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) Konteks sosial apa raja yang melatarbelakangi timbulnya persepsi Timur tentang Barat yang dipaparkan dalam novel 'Usfur min as-Syarq dan Mausim al-Hijrah ila as-Syimal, (2) Bagaimana persepsi Timur tentang Barat yang terkandung dalam novel 'Usfur min as-Syarq dan Mausim al Hijrah ila as-Syimal sehingga dapat menampilkan perbedaan yang mendasar antara keduanya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ada indikator kesesuaian antara novel "UMS" dan "MHIS" dalam menampilkan berbagai persepsi Timur tentang Barat, yang berkaitan dengan konteks-konteks sosial yang melatarbelakangi. Namur, bukan hanya menyajikan berbagai persepsi tersebut, tetapi sekaligus mengevaluasi dan melakukan investigasi berdasarkan realita dan pengalaman pengarang yang pemah bermukin di negara barat.Persepsi-persepsi yang timbul di Timur tentang bangsa Eropa lebih didominasi oleh subyektifitas Timur, sebagai akibat dari miss kolonialiasi Barat. Persepsi yang berkembang cenderung ke arah negatif. Barat dikonstruksikan sebagai bangsa modern, namun memiliki ambiguitas dalam menyikapi kehidupan dan norma-norma kemanusiaan. Terlepas dari segala wacana yang ada, Barat memiliki sisi-sisi positif yang mampu membawa kemajuan terhadap bangsa mereka. Bahkan, hingga saat ini Barat menjadi sebuah kekuatan yang mendominasi kehidupan masyarakat dunia, dan nyaris tak tergoyahkan. Superioritas Barat menjadi sangat besar, sehingga bangsa manapun yang ingin maju, paling tidak harus melewati salah satu gerbang yang telah mereka bangun. Ketergantungan Timur kepada Barat seakan telah menjadi suatu hal yang mutlak.

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The mission of west colonization to the Arab countries since 18th century to the end of 19th left both positive and negative impacts for its colonized countries. One side, colonialism has rebuilt the awareness of nationalism in Arabians, which has been buried simultaneously with the fall of Islamic dynasties on the past On the other hand, colonialism has left the injury, which caused the appearance of bad image about the Europe. Perceptions, which developed on the east about the description of the Europeans post-colonization, will be the topic of this thesis. Two fictions which are being the samples of the research are the novel `Usfur min as-Syarq (The Sparrow from The East) by Taufiq el-Hakim and Mausim al Hijrah ila as-Syimal (Migration Season to The North) by At-Thayeb Sholeh.

Two main problems-which will be studied in this research are: (1) What are the social contexts that cause the appearance of the east perceptions about the west which is explained in the novel `Usfur min as-Syarq and Mausim al-Hijrah ila as-Syimal. (2) How is the East perception about the West that is included in the novel `Usfur miry as-Syarq and Mausim al Hijrah ila as-Syimal in order to show the base difference between both of them. And the result of this research shows the indicator of suitability between the novels "UMS? and "MHIS" in showing all of the east perceptions about the west, which are related with social contexts that cause it. But, this research not only presents those perceptions, it also evaluates it and does some investigations according to the reality and the experience of the author who has ever lived in the West Country.

The perceptions which appeared in the East about the Europeans are dominated by subjectivity of the East, as the result of the mission of west colonization_The perceptions which develop are disposed more to the negative one. The west is constructed as a modern nation, but it has an ambiguity in looking a life and norms of humanity. But free of all these discourses, the west has positive sides that can bring its nation to the progress. Even, until now, the west has become a power, which dominates the life of people in the world, and it almost cannot be defeated. The west superiority becomes extremely great, it causes all nations that want to be advanced, must pass through one of gates that has been made by them. Seemingly, the east dependence on the west has become an absolute thing."