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"ABSTRAK Proses pemutihan (bleaching) pulp pada industri pulp dan kertas banyak menghasilkan limbah. Salah satu limbah yang dihasilkan adalah adsorbable organic halides (AOX) dan dioksin. Senyawa AOX dan dioksin dihasilkan dari reaksi antara kior (bleaching agent) dengan lignin yang terdapat dalam serat kayu. Dioksin adalah senyawa organo-klor paling toksik yang pernah dibuat manusia, telah terbukti bersifat karsinogen, menimbulkan banyak gangguan kesehatan pada manusia, serta kerusakan lingkungan. Untuk mengurangi dampak negatif akibat emisi dioksin, industri pulp dan kertas mulai mereduksi pemakaian elemen klor dengan bahan senyawa klor (non-elemen) sampai pada bahan bebas klor. Teknologi ini dikenal sebagai proses elemental chlorine free (ECF) dan totally chlorine free (TCF). Prediksi dampak negatif akibat emisi dioksin di masa mendatang dibuat dengan melakukan simulasi model system dynamics. Hasil simulasi model system dynamics menunjukkan kecenderungan meningkatnya kerusakan lingkungan jika tidak dilakukan intervensi, atau hanya dilakukan intervensi fungsional saja. Intervensi struktural yang kemudian diterapkan ternyata mampu menurunkan emisi dioksin, bahkan menihilkannya. Intervensi struktural yang dibuat dapat dijadikan dasar melakukan analisis kebijakan.

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ABSTRACTDioxin Waste Control Using Environmentally-Friendly Bleach (A Study on the Use of Chlorine-based Oxidator in Pulp Industry by a Simulation of System Dynamics Model for Policy Analysis)"

"Saat ini, beragamnya pilihan promosi yang tersedia untuk mendukung merek merupakan salah satu tantangan sulit bagi pemasar. Akibatnya, pemasar harus memahami apa saja pilihan promosi pemasaran yang ada dan bagaimana mereka harus dikombinasikan untuk dapat mengefektifkan program pemasaran mereka. Ekuitas merek sebagai kunci utama dalam memenangkan persaingan dan tujuan utama dalam manajemen pemasaran menjadi basis yang dapat digunakan untuk menganalisis bauran promosi. Menuju tujuan itu, penelitian ini akan mempertimbangkan faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh dalam pengembangan ekuitas merek. Kemudian, secara khusus hal itu dijadikan analisis dalam mengevaluasi promosi pemasaran yang efektif dengan memperlihatkan interkoneksi antar faktor yang terlibat dalam pengembangan ekuitas merek.

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Nowadays, various promotion program to support the brand that available is one of the difficult challenges for marketers. As a result, marketers must understand what marketing promotion program that available and how they should be combined in order to make their marketing program effective. Brand equity as the key factor in winning the competition in the market and the main objective in marketing management can be used to analyze the promotional mix. Toward that end, this research will consider the factors affecting brand equity development. Then, in particular it made an analysis in evaluating the effective marketing promotion by understanding the interconnection between the factors involved in the brand equity development."

"Kota Batu merupakan salah satu kota di Indonesia yang melakukan pembangunan ekonomi berbasis pada sektor pariwisata. Pariwisata harus dikelola dengan paradigma pariwisata berkelanjutan, yang membangun sektor pariwisata dengan mempertimbangkan keberlanjutan ekonomi, sosial, dan lingkungan. Penelitian ini melihat sistem pariwisata di Kota Batu dengan paradigma keberlanjutan industri pariwisatanya. Metode Sistem Dinamik digunakan untuk mengambil gambaran tentang dinamika sistem pariwisata di Kota Batu dan mensimulasikan skenario-skenario yang dikembangkan untuk kondisi yang akan datang. Model sistem dinamik menggunakan persepsi wisatawan terhadap kondisi Kota Batu sebagai indikator keberlanjutan pariwisata. Dari simulasi yang dilakukan, kondisi pariwisata dengan kebijakan Business as Usual kurang menunjukkan kinerja yang maksimal dan kurang berkelanjutan, baik dari aspek ekonomi, sosial, dan lingkungan. Sedangkan rencana pembangunan pariwisata pemerintah Kota Batu melalui RIPPDA juga menghasilkan kondisi yang kurang maksimal, karena perencanaan belum mampu mengatasi permasalahan yang ada, yaitu kemacetan. Sedangkan kebijakan alternatif yang dibuat dapat diterapkan untuk meningkatkan kinerja ekonomi dan meminimalisir dampak negatif dan stagnasi pariwisata di Kota Batu.

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Kota Batu is one of the cities in Indonesia which performs economic development based on tourism. Tourism should be managed by sustainable tourism paradigm, which establishes the tourism sector to consider the sustainability of the economic, social, and environment. This research seeks the tourism system in Kota Batu from the sustainability of the tourism industry paradigm. Dynamic System method is used to take a picture of the dynamics of the tourism system in Kota Batu and simulate the scenarios that will be developed in the future. Dynamic system model uses traveler 39 s perception of the condition of Kota Batu as an indicator of the tourism sustainability. From the simulation, the condition of tourism with Business as Usual policy fails to demonstrate the maximum and unsustainable performance, both from the economic, social, and environmental aspects. In addition, the government 39 s plan on tourism development through RIPPDA also gives the less condition, because its plan has not been able to overcome the existing problems, such as congestion. While the alternative policies that has been made by government can be applied to improve economic performance and reduce the negative impacts and stagnation of tourism in Kota Batu."

"This book covers both classical and modern analytical methods in nonlinear systems. A wide range of applications from fundamental research to engineering problems are addressed. The book contains seven chapters, each with miscellaneous problems and their detailed solutions. More than 100 practice problems are illustrated, which might be useful for students and researchers in the areas of nonlinear oscillations and applied mathematics. With providing real world examples, this book shows the multidisciplinary emergence of nonlinear dynamical systems in a wide range of applications including mechanical and electrical oscillators, micro/nano resonators and sensors, and also modelling of global warming, epidemic diseases, sociology, chemical reactions, biology and ecology."

"ABSTRAKSungai-sungai di Papua pada umumnya dipengaruhi oleh kondisifisik,sehingga sering terlihat keruh secara alami, karena tersuspensi oleh lumpurtanah dan material lainnya, sehingga kualitas air secara fisik dari warna dantingkat kekeruhannya dapat dikatakan berkualitas buruk. Hal ini diperparah lagidengan adanya aktivitas manusia yang mengubah penutup tanah di daerah aliransungai (DAS). Penelitian ini dilakukan di DAS Sentani Papua, yang fokuspenelitiannya di Sub DAS Jembatan II, Flafouw dan Belo. Tujuan penelitianuntuk mengetahui pengaruh perubahan penggunaan tanah terhadap kualitas airpada tahun 2005-2013 serta megetahui prakiraan kualitas air pada priode waktu2025. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis spasial dan temporal berbasissistem informasi geografi (SIG) dengan dasar citra Landsat 7 ETM sebagai basisperolehan data sekunder tentang penggunaan tanah. Survey untuk mengambilsampel air pada muara setiap Sub DAS yang dikaji, kemudian sampel airdianalisis dilaboratorium guna memperoleh informasi tentang kualitas air, yangbaku mutunya mengacu pada Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 82 Tahun 2001,selanjutnya dilakukan penentuan status mutu air dengan metode STORET sesuaidengan Keputusan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 115 Tahun 2003.Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis spasial deskriptifkuantitatif dan analisis sistem dinamik. Hasil penelitian menunjukan parameterkualitas air yang melewati baku mutu di ketiga Sub DAS adalah Total SuspendedSoild (TSS) dan Posfat (PO₄), sedangkan Nitrat (NO₃) tidak melewati baku mutuyang ditetapkan berdasarkan kelas I. Status mutu air menunjukan Sub DASJembatan II, Flafouw, dan Belo telah tercemar dengan kondisi cemar rigan.Penggunaan tanah yang menyumbang beban pencemaran Total Suspended Soild(TSS) dan Posfat (PO₄) paling besar adalah permukiman, kebun/ perkebunan,tanah terbuka, dan semak belukar. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi model kualitas airmenunjukan adanya kecenderugan parameter Total Suspended Soild (TSS), Posfat(PO₄) di ketiga Sub DAS akan terus meningkat mulai dari awal simulasi sampaiakhir simulasi (2005-2025) yang nilainya melewati baku mutu. Sedangkan Nitrat(NO₃) akan terus meningkat tetapi tidakmelewati baku mutu.

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ABSTRACTThe rivers in Papua in general is influenced by the physical condition, sooften seen naturally turbid because of suspended mud soil and other materials, sothat the physical water quality of the color and turbidity levels can be said to be ofpoor quality. This is reinforced by the presence of human activity that alters landcover in the watershed (DAS). This research was conducted in the watershedSentani Papua, the focus of his research in Sub-watershed JembatanII, Flafouwand Belo. The purpose of the study to determine the effect of land use change onwater quality in the years 2005-2013 and forecasts know water quality in theperiod of time in 2025. Methods used are based on the analysis of spatial andtemporal geographic information systems (GIS) on the basis of Landsat 7 ETMimagery as a base acquisition secondary data on land use. Survey to take watersamples at the mouth of each sub-watershed were assessed, then the watersamples were analyzed at the lab in order to obtain information about waterquality, the quality standard based on Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001,then performed the determination of water quality status with STORET method inaccordance with the Decree of the Minister state of the Environment No. 115 of2003. analysis used in this research is descriptive quantitative analysis of spatialand dynamical systems analysis. The results showed the water quality parametersthat pass the quality standard in three sub-watersheds are TSS and PO ₄, whereasNO ₃ does not pass quality standards established by class I. Status of water qualityshowed sub watershed Bridge II, Flafouw, and Belo have been contaminated withthe condition blackened Rigan . Land use accounts for TSS pollution load and PO₄ most of it is residential, farm / plantation, open land, and shrubs. Based on thesimulation results showed the presence of the water quality model parameterskecenderugan TSS, PO ₄ in the third sub-watershed will continue to increase fromthe beginning of the simulation until the end of the simulation (2005-2025) whosevalue is passed quality standards. While NO ₃ will continue to increase but did notpass pass qualitystandards."

"This book provides a complete picture of several decision support tools for predictive maintenance. These include embedding early anomaly/fault detection, diagnosis and reasoning, remaining useful life prediction (fault prognostics), quality prediction and self-reaction, as well as optimization, control and self-healing techniques. It shows recent applications of these techniques within various types of industrial (production/utilities/equipment/plants/smart devices, etc.) systems addressing several challenges in Industry 4.0 and different tasks dealing with Big Data Streams, Internet of Things, specific infrastructures and tools, high system dynamics and non-stationary environments . Applications discussed include production and manufacturing systems, renewable energy production and management, maritime systems, power plants and turbines, conditioning systems, compressor valves, induction motors, flight simulators, railway infrastructures, mobile robots, cyber security and Internet of Things. The contributors go beyond state of the art by placing a specific focus on dynamic systems, where it is of utmost importance to update system and maintenance models on the fly to maintain their predictive power. "

"This book examines the driving dynamics of harvesting machines with large harvesting heads. It looks at how to efficiently use these machines. The author explores a common problem that hinders machine performance when harvesting with very large headers. He deals with concepts for reducing the undesired effects of vehicle dynamics when using these machines. With the steadily increasing capacity of harvesting machines, the working widths of the harvesting heads get wider and the headers get heavier. It has become essential with these giant headers to use header height sensors and header control systems to avoid the headers from being run into the ground when encountering elevation changes in the terrain. A fundamental limitation of the viable speed of header height adjustments arises from the combination of the wider and heavier headers with soft agricultural tires. The current solution to find an appropriate speed of header height adjustments is to perform a header calibration whenever a new header is attached to the machine and to endow the machine operator with the capability to tweak the speed of adjustments manually. The result of an inappropriate speed of height adjustments is a reduction in overall productivity and an under-utilization of the harvesting machine. The author looks at ways to prevent this. He offers detailed modeling of the vertical dynamics including dynamic wheel loads. In addition, the book contains results from simulations and machine tests."

"This book describes a systematic approach to risk assessment for complex socio-technical systems like industrial processes, especially innovative ones. It provides an overview of applications of system dynamics theory and methodologies on industrial systems in order to demonstrate the relevance of such an approach in helping to assess risks in such complex systems.An important feature of this approach is that it takes into account the dynamic of the interactions of the components (technical, human and organizational ones) in order to study and simulate the behavior of the system. This methodology helps to define the failures and/or accident scenarios and to implement and test the prevention and protection barriers."