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"Senyawa turunan dihidropirimidin (DHPM) merupakan senyawa organik yang memiliki banyak manfaat diantaranya sebagai antikoagulan, antihipertensi, antiinflamasi, antimikroba, antibakteri, antifungi, dan antioksidan. Pengembangan sintesis turunan DHPM dapat disintesis melalui reaksi Biginelli. Modifikasi pereaksi dan metode reaksi ini terus dilakukan untuk memperoleh hasil yang paling baik dan ramah lingkungan. Pada penelitian ini, telah dilakukan sintesis senyawa turunan DHPM yaitu 5-acetyl-6-methyl-4-(2-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one, dan 1-(6-methyl-4-(2-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl)-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-5-yl)ethanone melalui reaksi Biginelli dengan metode refluks dengan jus belimbing sayur sebagai katalis asam. Reaktan aldehid yang digunakan adalah 2-(2-propun-1-iloksi)benzaldehid sedangkan reaktan 1,3-dikarbonil yang digunakan adalah asetilaseton. Perbedaan sintesis senyawa turunan DHPM terletak pada komponen urea yang digunakan yaitu urea dan tiourea. Rendemen yang dihasilkan untuk senyawa 5-acetyl-6-methyl-4-(2-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-on sebesar 93%. Kemurnian senyawa target diuji dengan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) dan dilakukan kromatografi kolom untuk medapatkan senyawa target yang murni. Senyawa hasil sintesis kemudian dikarakterisasi dengan uji LC-MS/MS, FTIR, dan NMR yang menandakan bahwa produk 5-acetyl-6-methyl-4-(2-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-on berhasil disintesis, namun tidak berhasil didapatkan produk 1-(6-methyl-4-(2-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl)-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-5-yl)ethenone dari sintesis Biginelli menggunakan jus belimbing sayur.

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Dihydropyrimidine (DHPM) and its derivatives are organic compounds that have many benefits including anticoagulant, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. The synthesis of DHPM derivatives can be achieved through the Biginelli reaction. Modifications in the reactants and reaction methods are continuously explored to achieve optimal and environmentally friendly results. In this study, the synthesis of dihydropyrimidine derivatives, specifically dihydropyrimidinones, 5-acetyl6-methyl-4-(2-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one and dihydropyrimidinethiones, 1-(6- methyl-4-(2- (prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl)-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-5-yl)ethanone was conducted using the Biginelli reaction with starfruit juice as an acid catalyst. The difference in the synthesis of DHPM derivatives lies in the urea component used, namely urea and thiourea. Substrates such as 2-(2-prop-1- enyloxy)benzaldehyde, acetylacetone, and urea/thiourea were used to form the dihydropyrimidine derivative compounds. The synthesized product of dihydropyrimidinone compound was obtained in 93% yield, whereas the dihydropyrimidinethione product was not successfully obtained."

"[Kurkumin merupakan senyawa multipoten yang terdapat dalam tanaman kunyit. Tanaman kunyit banyak terdapat di Indonesia dan negara Asia lainnya. Kunyit sering digunakan sebagai bahan jamu, bumbu masakan, dan perwarna makanan. Meskipun kurkumin telah menunjukkan banyak manfaat, kurkumin masih belum diakui sebagai senyawa obat. Hal ini disebabkan bioavailabilitas kurkumin buruk. Salah satu alasan buruknya bioavailabilitas kurkumin adalah kelarutan kurkumin pada cairan biologis rendah dan stabilitasnya kurang baik. Usaha untuk meningkatkan bioavailabilitas kurkumin telah dilakukan, salah satunya adalah dengan melakukan sintesis analog kurkumin. Substitusi basa Mannich pada senyawa organik dapat meningkatkan kelarutan senyawa tersebut. Berdasarkan pemikiran tersebut, senyawa derivat Mannich dihidropirimidin-2-on kurkumin dicoba untuk disintesis. Percobaan sintesis ini dilakukan melalui tiga tahap reaksi, yaitu (1) sintesis 4,6-dimetil-2-hidroksipirimidin HCl, (2) sintesis dihidropirimidin-2-on kurkumin, dan (3) Substitusi basa Mannich pada dihidropirimidin-2-on kurkumin. Sintesis tahap (1) dilakukan dengan merefluks urea dan asetil aseton dalam pelarut etanol pada suhu 70oC memperoleh rendemen 77,59%; tahap (2) dilakukan dengan merefluks senyawa 4,6-dimetil-2-hidroksipirimidin HCl dengan vanilin dalam campuran pelarut etanol dan toluena pada suhu 100oC memperoleh rendemen 94,81%; tahap (3) dilakukan dengan mengaduk senyawa dihidropirimidin-2-on kurkumin dalam pelarut asam asetat glasial pada suhu 70oC. Dari hasil elusidasi struktur diketahui bahwa produk senyawa sintesis tahap (3) belum diperoleh.

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, Curcumin is a multipotent compound contained in turmeric. Turmeric is widely

available in Indonesia and other Asian countries. Turmeric is often used as a

medicinal, seasoning, and food coloring. Although curcumin has shown many

benefits, curcumin is still not recognized as medicinal compounds. This is due to

poor bioavailability of curcumin. The reasons for poor bioavailability of curcumin

are the low solubility of curcumin in biological fluids and poor stability. Attempts

have been done to improve the bioavailability of curcumin, one of which is to

perform synthesis of curcumin analogues. Mannich base substitution in organic

compounds can increase the solubility. Based on that idea, Mannich derivatives of

compounds dihydropyrimidine-2-one tried to be synthesized. This synthesis

experiments conducted through three reaction steps, namely (1) the synthesis of

4,6-dimethyl-2-hydroxypyrimidine HCl, (2) synthesis of dihydropyrimidine-2-one

curcumin, and (3) substitution Mannich bases on dihydropyrimidine-2-one

curcumin , Synthesis stage (1) conducted by refluxing urea and acetyl acetone in

ethanol at 70°C obtained 77.59% yield; Step (2) is carried out by refluxing the

compound 4,6-dimethyl-2-hydroxypyrimidine HCl with vanilin in a solvent

mixture of ethanol and toluene at 100oC obtained 94.81% yield; Step (3) carried

out by stirring dihydropyrimidine-2-one curcumin compound in glacial acetic acid

solvent at 70°C. From the elucidation results, it is known that the product of

synthesis stage (3) has not been obtained.]"