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"Dalam Tesis ini dirancang dan dibuat suatu struktur CCD jenis buried channel (BCCD) 3 gate, menggunakan bahan silikon dengan gate dari bahan alumunium, yang dianalisis dan disimulasikan melalui program simulasi pada perangkat lunak SSUPREM dan MATLAB. Pabrikasi dilakukan di Laboratorium TELKOMA LIPI Bandung, menggunakan teknologi difusi planar, kemudian dilakukan pengukuran kedalaman kanal, kedalaman source-drain, karakteristik I-V junction source - bulk dan drain - bulk, karakteristik I-V hubungan source - drain, karakteristik I-V dengan Tegangan gate berbeda. Hasil simulasi dan analisis menunjukkan bahwa semakin besar kedalaman kanal tipe n pada BCCD, akan mempercepat perpindahan muatan, serta mengakibatkan semakin tidak effisien proses perpindahan muatannya. Dan semakin besar panjang gate, akan memperbesar waktu perpindahan muatan, sehingga semakin effisien proses perpindahan muatannya. Hasil pengukuran diperoleh bahwa karakteristik I-V rancangan devais yang dipabrikasikan, telah menunjukkan fenomena BCCD.

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In this thesis, a CCD Structure, 3 Gate Buried Channel type (BCCD) was designed and fabricated using Silicon with Gate made from aluminum material. This analysis and simulation were done using by simulation software SSUPREM and MATLAB programs. The device fabrication was done at TELKOMA LIPI Laboratory in Bandung, utilizing Planar Diffusion Technolog, afterward the following measurement were done ; the depth of buried channel, the depth of Source-Drain, the current-voltage (I-V) characteristic of Source - bulk and Drain - bulk junctions, the current-voltage (I-V) characteristic of Source - Drain relationship, and the current-voltage (I-V) characteristic for various gate voltages.

The results of Simulation and analysis shown that the lower the n type channel depth of BCCD is, the slower the charge transfer, hence increasing transfer efficiencies. And also the more the length of the gate is, the greater the charge transfer, hence decreasing transfer inefficiencies. The result of the measurements proved that the current-voltage ( I-V ) characteristic obtained from the designed and fabricated device, has shown the phenomenon of BCCD."

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Masalah lingkungan seperti polusi sistem perairan telah mendorong urgensi penyusunan teknologi pengolahan limbah yang lebih baik. Nitrat adalah salah satu target pencemar yang digunakan dalam asesmen kualitas air. Saat ini, proses biologis untuk eliminasi nitrat dari sistem perairan sedang dikembangkan sebagai alternatif untuk proses-proses fisika-kimia yang sering digunakan. Microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) adalah teknologi baru yang diajukan untuk tujuan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan memasangkan proses eliminasi nitrat dengan produksi biohidrogen (bio-H₂) di sistem MEC. Cakupan studi ini adalah dua sistem yang disebut mini-MEC dan MEC. Kedua sistem tersebut dibedakan berdasarkan volumenya. Parameter optimum operasi (V_ext dan sumber karbon) ditetapkan pada sistem mini-MEC sebelum beralih ke sistem MEC. Kondisi optimum ditentukan pada V_ext 0,7 V dengan asetat sebagai sumber karbon terbaik. Sistem dievaluasi berdasarkan performa luaran elektrikal (I_d, P_d), eliminasi nitrat (RE%, R_NO3-), dan produksi bio-H₂ (H_max, R_H2, dan Y_H2). Konsorsium desain (kode konsorsium: IS dan IW) disusun berdasarkan hasil penelitian sebelumnya dengan kinerja eliminasi nitrat dan lokasi isolasi sebagai kriteria desain. Konsorsium desain dibandingkan dengan konsorsium alam (S) di MEC skala 100 mL untuk proses simultan eliminasi nitrat dan produksi biohidrogen. Konsorsium IS memberikan hasil terbaik dari segi profil produksi biohidrogen dengan H_max 10,6515 mg L^-1, Y_H2 6,491 mg g^-1, dan R_max 0,0867 mg L^-1 jam^-1. Konsorsium alam S memberikan performa terendah dari ketiga konsorsium yang diuji. Data dari konsorsium IS dievaluasi terhadap model untuk pertumbuhan dan produksi biohidrogen. Model Gompertz dan logistik termodifikasi dapat mendeskripsikan data dengan baik berdasarkan parameter fit R². Estimasi parameter model dilakukan melalui metode non-linear least square. Hasil estimasi parameter model Gompertz yang telah dioptimasi adalah 0,1659 untuk R_max, 10,2495 untuk H_max, dan 30,0607 untuk l. Selanjutnya, studi ini dapat dikembangkan ke arah penyusunan model prediktif profil bio-H₂ pada sistem MEC berdasarkan hubungan linear antara profil bio-H₂ dan pertumbuhan sel.

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Environmental problems, especially pollution to water systems have urged research into cleaner wastewater treatment strategies. Nitrate is one of the main targets for water quality control. The use of biological processes to remove nitrate from water systems is being studied as alternatives to current physico-chemical practices. Microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) emerged as a new technology that is appropriate for this purpose. This research aim to pair nitrate elimination with biohydrogen production in MEC. The study worked on two scales of MECs, referred to as mini-MEC (20 mL) and MEC (100 mL). Operating parameters (V_ext and carbon source) was determined on mini-MEC using axenic cultures of known denitrifying bacteria. V_ext was set at 0.70 V and CH₃COONa was selected as carbon source for subsequent experiments. System was evaluated based on electrical outputs (I_d, P_d), nitrate elimination (RE%, R_NO3-), and biohydrogen production (H_max, R_H2, and yield). Synthetic microbial consortia were designed based on isolates obtained in a previous research using nitrate elimination and site characteristics as design criteria. Designed consortia (IS and IW) was compared against naturally occurring soil microbial consortium (S) in 100 mL MEC for simultaneous biohydrogen production and nitrate elimination. Consortium IS yield better biohydrogen production profile with H_max of 10.6515 mg L^-1, Y_H2 at 6.491 mg g^-1, and R_max 0.0867 mg L^-1 h^-1. Consortium S performed the worst out of three with declining H₂ concentration curves at later operation period. The data from consortium IS was evaluated against models for bio-H₂ production. Modified Gompertz model could describe the data well based on comparison of fit parameter R² against modified logistic model. Model optimization was carried out by non-linear least square methodology. Optimized parameter values were 0.1659 for R_max, 10.2495 for H_max, and 30.0607 for l. Future studies should explore the design of a predictive model for H₂ production based on microbial growth in MEC inoculated with microbes with similar profile to IS consortium.

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"ABSTRAKSaat ini Pemerintah telah mengeluarkan berbagai kebijakan untukmengurangi beban berlebih yang melewati jalan. Beban berlebih tersebut dapatmenyebabkan kerusakan dini serta penurunan tingkat layan jalan. Namun di sisilain beban berlebih dapat meningkatkan perekonomian makro yaitu pergerakanbarang yang lebih cepat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui keuntungandan kerugian dari muatan berlebih dengan menggunakan analisis ekonomi dananalisis muatan berlebih dengan menggunakan peraturan dan desain perencanaanyang berlaku di Indonesia pada daerah studi ruas Cikampek-Palimanan. Hasilpenelitian ini menunjukkan nilai ekonomi manfaat terbesar diperoleh dari skenariosemua truk pada lalu lintas harian rata-rata mengalami muatan berlebih sedangkanbiaya pemeliharaan jalan terbesar diperoleh dari skenario semua truk pada lalulintas harian rata-rata mengalami muatan berlebih pada simulasi 30% muatanberlebih.

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AbstractToday Government has released various policies to reduce vehicle overload on theroad. Overload can cause premature damaging early and reducing pavementserviceabilty. In other cases, overload can improved macro economy, fastermovement of logistic. This research was done to know advantages anddisadvantages of overload by using economic analysis and overload analysis usingregulation and planning design applied in Indonesia at study case Cikampek-Palimanan road. Result of this research showed the highest economic value ofbenefit which obtained by scenarios of all truck overloads from average dailytraffic which have been overloaded while the highest road maintenance cost whichobtained by scenarios of all truck overloads from average daily traffic which havebeen overloaded in 30% overload simulation.;"

"This book provides readers with a timely snapshot of ergonomics research and methods applied to the design, development and prototyping – as well as the evaluation, training and manufacturing – of products, systems and services. Combining theoretical contributions, case studies, and reports on technical interventions, it covers a wide range of topics in ergonomic design including: ecological design; educational and game design; cultural and ethical aspects in design; user research and human–computer interaction in design; as well as design for accessibility and extreme environments, and many others. The book particularly focuses on new technologies such as virtual reality, state-of-the-art methodologies in information design, and human–computer interfaces. Based on the AHFE 2018 International Conference on Ergonomics in Design, held on July 21–25, 2018, in Orlando, Florida, USA, the book offers a timely guide for both researchers and design practitioners, including industrial designers, human–computer interaction and user experience researchers, production engineers and applied psychologists."