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"ABSTRAKThis paper examines conflict in Malaysia through an analysis of rents and the relationship between the economic imperative for growth and political imperative for stability. It links episodes of conflict and political instability to the social forces that drive the allocation of rents and the impact of these rents on the pattern of accumulation. It examines how the emergence and expansion of the Malay intermediate classes increased contestation and conflict over the allocation of rents that compromised the states ability to balance the political imperative for stability with the economic imperative for growth. It traces Malaysias long-term economic slowdown associated with premature deindustrialization to the state prioritizing rents for accommodation (redistribution) over rents for learning and accumulation."

"This paper analyses the impact of Chinese import competition on deindustrialization measured by real value added and employment share in 61 developed and developing countries over 1970-2010 period. By employing quantile regression with instrumental variables to correct potential endogeneity bias, the results suggest that the main driver of deindustrialization in employment in developed countries is technological change. There is heterogeneous effect of China shock. In developed countries, the effect is destructive in term of both employment and real value added in the lower quantile of distribution, with the higher magnitude for the former. In the higher quantile, complementary effect outweighs detrimental impact. In developing countries, the negative effect of Chinas shock on real value-added rises as the increase in the proportion of manufacturing value-added in countries. The destructive effect on employment in developing countries seems to be harder after 1990 period.

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Tesis ini menganalisis tentang dampak dari persaingan impor dari China terhadap deindustrialisasi yang diukur dari riil nilai tambah dan proporsi tenaga kerja dari 61 negara-negara maju dan berkembang di dunia. Dengan menggunakan quantile regression dengan instrumental variables untuk mengkoreksi endogeneity bias. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa deindustrialisasi tenaga kerja di negara-negara maju disebabkan utamanya karena perubahan teknologi. Dampak dari China shock di negara-negara maju sangat beragam, efek negatif di quantile yang lebih rendah lebih besar berdampak pada tenaga kerja dibandingkan dengan riil nilai tambah. Sedangkan di quantile yang lebih tinggi, efek positif melebihi efek negative. Di negara berkembang, efek negative dari persaingan impor dari China naik seiring kenaikan dari riil nilai tambah suatu negara. Dampak yang negative ini bahkan bertambah besar setelah tahun 1990-an."

"Apakah trade openness sebuah racun atau obat bagi industrialisasi? Di era kontemporer, industrialisasi masih menjadi kekuatan penting yang mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi. Sebaliknya, trade openness menempati posisi kontroversial dan menerima dukungan dan kritik. Literatur yang ada menunjukkan sifat yang kontras mengenai dampak trade openness dan (de)industrialisasi. Makalah ini berkontribusi dengan mempelajari pengaruh trade openness terhadap (de)industrialisasi dengan berfokus pada negara berkembang dan maju serta menggunakan ukuran trade openness yang berbeda yang berfokus pada barang setengah jadi (intermediate goods). Kami melakukan analisis regresi panel selama periode 2000–2019, mengamati 39 negara maju dan 87 negara berkembang. Hasil penelitian kami menunjukkan bahwa di negara-negara berkembang, trade openness barang dan jasa secara keseluruhan serta barang setengah jadi berhubungan positif dan signifikan dengan industrialisasi. Hasil penelitian kami mendukung implikasi liberalisasi perdagangan terhadap pertumbuhan industri di negara berkembang.

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Is trade openness a poison or medicine for industrialization? In the contemporary era, industrialization remains a pivotal force propelling economic growth. Conversely, trade openness occupies a contentious position, receiving both support and criticism. Existing literature exhibits a contrasting nature on the effect of trade openness and (de)industrialization. This paper contributes by studying the influence of trade openness on (de)industrialization by focusing on developing and developed economies and employing a distinct measure of trade openness that focuses on intermediate goods. We carried out a panel regression analysis over the period 2000– 2019, observing 39 developed and 87 developing economies. Our results show that for developing economies, trade openness of both overall goods and services and of intermediate goods are positively and significantly associated with industrialization. Our results support the implication of trade liberalization for industrial growth in developing economies."