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"[Pendanaan perusahaan merupakan hal yang esensial dan krusial dari berjalannya suatu kegiatan perusahaan, baik sebagai bentuk dari upaya perusahaan untuk menjalankan atau bahkan memperluas kegiatan usahanya. Selain melalui pinjaman, perusahaan dapat mewujudkan usahanya untuk menghimpun modal melalui Pasar Modal. Hal tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan melakukan penjualan kepemilikan atas perusahaan berupa saham yang dikeluarkan perusahaan dalam bentuk efek kepada masyarakat yang selanjutnya akan bertindak sebagai pemodal/investor melalui Penawaran Umum yang didahului dengan penjualan saham yang dilakukan pertama kali, disebut sebagai Penawaran Umum Perdana atau Initial Public Offering (“IPO”) dan berdasarkan Undang-Undang No. 8 tahun 1995 tentang Pasar Modal, perusahaan yang melakukan Penawaran itu disebut dengan Emiten. Dengan statusnya yang terdaftar sebagai Perusahaan Terbuka, perusahaan tersebut mendapatkan keuntungan-keuntungan yang hanya dapat didapat oleh Perusahaan Terbuka, salah satunya adalah kesempatan untuk menghimpun dana dari masyarakat melalui penjualan Efek lewat Pasar Modal. Namun selain keuntungan, terdapat beberapa hal yang perlu dijadikan pertimbangan antara lain proses yang cukup kompleks, biaya yang besar, dan keterbukaan informasi mengenai perusahaan yang harus dipenuhi oleh Emiten baik sebelum maupun sesudah dilakukannya IPO. Dalam menyiasati hal tersebut, para pelaku usaha berusaha agar Perusahaan Tertutup dapat menikmati keadaaan selayaknya Perusahaan Terbuka tanpa melakukan IPO dimana hal tersebut dikenal dengan istilah backdoor listing. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai terjadinya transaksi backdoor listing di Pasar Modal Indonesia, dimana hingga saat ini belum ada definisi, pengaturan, maupun penegakan hukum secara spesifik ditujukan terhadap backdoor listing. Selanjutnya guna menjawab permasalahan tersebut, penulis menggunakan metode pedekatan hukum normatif yang dapat diinterpretasikan sebagai penelitian hukum kepustakaan yang dilakukan berdasarkan pada data-data sekunder.Berdasarkan pemaparan dari penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan melalui contoh kasus PT BW Plantation Tbk. bahwa suatu backdoor listing dapat dilakukan salah satunya melalui cararights issue yang dilanjutkan dengan proses akuisisi dari Perusahaan Terbuka. Hal ini dapat berpotensi menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum, mengingat tidak ada kewajiban-kewajiban tertentu dari calon Emiten yang terlibat dalam suatu backdoor listing, mengingat hingga saat ini belum terdapat peraturan tersendiri yang mengatur tentang itu dan hingga saat ini, pelaksanaan backdoor listing dijalankan berdasarkan pengambilalihan dalam Undang-Undang No. 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas dan Undang-Undang No. 8 Tahun 1995 tentang Pasar Modal serta Peraturan Bapepam-LK (OJK) sebagai peraturan pelaksanaannya.

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Company’s financing is essential and crucial from the passage of a company's activities, both as a form of the company's efforts to run or even expand their business activities. Other than through loans, the company can realize its efforts to raise capital through the capital market. This can be done by selling the ownership of the company in the form of shares issued by the company in the form of securities to the public who will then act as financiers / investors through a Public Offering which was preceded by the sale of shares is done first, referred to as IPO or Initial Public Offering ("IPO") and based on Law No. 8 of 1995 on the Capital Market, companies that do offer it is called by the Issuer. With its status as a listed public company, the company is getting the benefits that can only be obtained by a public company, one of which is the opportunity to raise funds from the public through the sale of securities through the capital market. However, there are benefits, there are some things that need to be taken into consideration, among others, the process is quite complex, huge costs, and disclosure of information about the company that must be fulfilled by the Issuer either before or after doing an IPO. In around this, entrepreneurs trying to make the Company closed the circumstances should be able to enjoy public company without doing an IPO where it is known as a backdoor listing. This study discusses about the backdoor listing transaction in Indonesian Capital Market, where until now there is no definition, regulation, and law enforcement is specifically directed against the backdoor listing. Furthermore, in order to address these problems, the authors use the method of normative approach which can be interpreted as a legal research literature conducted based on secondary data. Based on the presentation of this study, it can be concluded that based on case study PT BW Plantation Tbk, a backdoor listings can be done through a rights issue, followed by the acquisition of a public company. This could potentially lead to legal uncertainty, since there is no certain obligations of the Issuer candidate signaled in a separate regulation and to date, the implementation of backdoor listing is run by the takeover of the Act No. 40 Year 2007 on Limited Liability Companies and Law No. 8 of 1995 on Capital Markets and Bapepam-LK (now known as Otoritas Jasa Keuangan/OJK) as its implementing regulations., Company’s financing is essential and crucial from the passage of a company's activities, both as a form of the company's efforts to run or even expand their business activities. Other than through loans, the company can realize its efforts to raise capital through the capital market. This can be done by selling the ownership of the company in the form of shares issued by the company in the form of securities to the public who will then act as financiers / investors through a Public Offering which was preceded by the sale of shares is done first, referred to as IPO or Initial Public Offering ("IPO") and based on Law No. 8 of 1995 on the Capital Market, companies that do offer it is called by the Issuer. With its status as a listed public company, the company is getting the benefits that can only be obtained by a public company, one of which is the opportunity to raise funds from the public through the sale of securities through the capital market. However, there are benefits, there are some things that need to be taken into consideration, among others, the process is quite complex, huge costs, and disclosure of information about the company that must be fulfilled by the Issuer either before or after doing an IPO. In around this, entrepreneurs trying to make the Company closed the circumstances should be able to enjoy public company without doing an IPO where it is known as a backdoor listing. This study discusses about the backdoor listing transaction in Indonesian Capital Market, where until now there is no definition, regulation, and law enforcement is specifically directed against the backdoor listing. Furthermore, in order to address these problems, the authors use the method of normative approach which can be interpreted as a legal research literature conducted based on secondary data. Based on the presentation of this study, it can be concluded that based on case study PT BW Plantation Tbk, a backdoor listings can be done through a rights issue, followed by the acquisition of a public company. This could potentially lead to legal uncertainty, since there is no certain obligations of the Issuer candidate signaled in a separate regulation and to date, the implementation of backdoor listing is run by the takeover of the Act No. 40 Year 2007 on Limited Liability Companies and Law No. 8 of 1995 on Capital Markets and Bapepam-LK (now known as Otoritas Jasa Keuangan/OJK) as its implementing regulations.]"

"ABSTRAKObligasi merupakan salah satu sarana untuk mendapatkan dana gunamendukung operasional suatu perusahaan dan sebagai media berinvestasi yang cukup menguntungkan bagi investor. Investasi tersebut juga tidak luput dari risikorisiko hukum dan bisnis. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode normatif dikarenakan data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder. Tesis ini membahas tentang Praktik Aksi Korporasi berupa Penerbitan Obligasi dengan mata uang rupiah oleh salah satu perusahaan terbuka yang merupakan Badan Usaha Milik Negara (?BUMN?) pula, yaitu PT ABC dengan menganalisis aspek hukum penerbitan Obligasi melalui penawaran umum berkelanjutan Obligasi dari sisi subjek dan objeknya. Subjeknya adalah dengan membahas akibat hukum dan kewajiban hukum yang lahir dari penerbitan Obligasi tersebut, dan memandang Obligasi sebagai suatu objek (benda) dalam peristiwa hukum penerbitan Obligasi ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana jaminan pembayaran Obligasi dari Emiten kepada Pemegang Obligasi sebagai investor. Disamping itu penulis akan membahas juga peranan notaris sebagai profesi penunjang pasar modal sehubungan dengan praktik aksi korporasi penerbitan Obligasi oleh PT ABC. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa praktik aksi korporasi PT ABC telah sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku dan obligasi yang diterbitkan dijamin dengan seluruh harta kekayaan PT ABC.

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ABSTRACTBonds is one of the tool to raise funds to support the operations of acompany and as a media to invest quite profitable for investors. The investments are also subject to risks and business law. This research was conducted qualitatively by using normative methods because the data used are secondary data. This thesis discusses the practice of Corporate Actions such as Bonds Issuance with rupiah currency by one public company which is a State-Owned Company, PT ABC, by analyzing the legal aspects of the Bonds Issuance through deals sustainable public Bonds in terms of subject and object. The subject is to discuss the legal consequences and legal obligations which born from the Bonds Issuance, and Bonds looked as an object (object) in the event of Bonds Issuance to determine how the payment Bonds guarantee of the Issuer to the Bondholders as an investor. Besides of that matters, this thesis will also discuss the role of the notary as a supporting profession in capital market related to practice of corporate actions such as Bonds Issuance by PT ABC. The results from this research showed that practice of corporate actions by PT. ABC has been accordance with the rules and bonds issuance secured by all assets of PT. ABC"

"Tesis ini membahas tentang saham-saham yang tidak dapat diidentifikasi lagi oleh emiten terkait dengan aksi korporasi emiten yang membutuhkan persetujuan dari pemegang saham independen. Aksi korporasi yang membutuhkan persetujuan dari pemegang saham independen hanya ada 2 (dua), yaitu Transaksi yang mengandung Benturan Kepentingan, sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Peraturan Nomor IX.E.1 tentang Transaksi Afiliasi dan Benturan Kepentingan Transaksi Tertentu dan aksi korporasi merubah status dari Perseroan Terbuka menjadi Perseroan Tertutup (go private). Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara menganalisis penyebab, hambatan serta dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh saham tidak teridentifikasi. Data yang digunakan adalah data aksi korporasi go private PT. Aqua Golden Mississippi Tbk yang mendapat hambatan dari pemegang saham tidak teridentifikasi dimana RUPSLB dilakukan berulang-ulang begitu pula dengan penawaran tender yang dilakukan berulang-ulang dan sampai Emiten melakukan investigasi langsung ke lapangan untuk mencari pemegang saham tidak teridentifikasi. Dari hasil analisis diperoleh fakta bahwa saham tidak teridentifikasi mengakibatkan kesulitan pengelolaan data administrasi oleh Emitenerta dapat juga menghambat aksi korporasi tertentu emiten yang membutuhkan persetujuan pemegang saham independen. Penyelesaiannya adalah dengan sistem pengelolaan harta oleh Balai Harta Peninggalan (BHP) yang memberikan perlindungan terhadap Emiten, Pemegang saham tidak teridentifikasi dan juga kepada Negara melalui, sedangkan untuk tindakan preventif kedepannya adalah dengan diberlakukannya Single Investor Identity (SID) yang mewajibkan setiap investor yang akan melakukan transaksi di Pasar Modal wajib membuka rekening efek. Meskipun belum ada peraturan yang khusus mengatur masalah saham tidak teridentifikasi sampai saat ini, namun Bapepam-LK hanya memberikan perlindungan bardasarkan kasus per kasus. Namun demikian untuk memberikan kepastian hukum maka diperlukan adanya amandemen terhadap UUPT dan UUPM, sedangkan pelaksanaanya dapat diatur dengan Keputusan dari Ketua Bapepam-LK.

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This thesis discussed about the stocks that were unidentified by the issuers concerned with corporate action that needed approval from the independent shareholders. Corporate action that needed approval from independent shareholders have only 2 (two), first is transaction containing the conflict of interest, referred to Regulation number IX.E.1 about Transaksi Afiliasi dan Benturan Kepentingan Transaksi Tertentu and second is corporate action to change corporate status from public company to private company (going private). Research done by analyzing the causes, constraints and the impact caused of unidentified stocks. The data used is PT. Aqua Golden Mississippi Tbk. action for go private, which got resistance from unidentified shareholders when RUPSLB done repeatedly as well as the tender offer is made repeatedly and the issuer have to do direct investigation to find unidentified shareholders. From the analysis results obtained by the fact that the stocks was not identified, it has caused difficulties for the data management administration by the issuer, and may also inhibit the action of certain corporate issuer who require these independent approval. The Solution for completion is through property management system by Balai Harta Peninggalan (BHP) which provides protection to Issuer, unidentified shareholder and to the State through. Whereas for preventive measures for the future with implementation of Single Investor Identity (SID) which requires each investor who would do transaction in capital market required to open securities account. Although there are no regulations that specifically regulate the unidentified stocks problem recently, but Bapepam-LK only provide protection case by case basis. However, to provide law certainty, it is necessary to amendment UUPT and UUPM, while the implementation can be regulated by own rules of Chairman of Bapepam-LK."

"Investor baru yang signifikan tentunya akan berdampak pada perilaku pasar secara umum dalam bereaksi terhadap suatu pengumuman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara empiris reaksi pasar terhadap aksi korporasi sebelum dan selama pandemi COVID-19 di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode event study dengan event window selama 31 hari (-15, 0, +15) yang dilakukan terhadap 1081 aksi korporasi yang terdiri dari aksi korporasi untuk pembagian dividen, rights issue, dan stock split. Penulis menemukan perbedaan yang signifikan dalam reaksi pasar terhadap dividen dan rights issue. Pada periode pandemi, pergerakan CAAR signifikan terjadi sebelum pengumuman resmi aksi korporasi yang menunjukkan adanya indikasi kebocoran informasi pada sekelompok investor. Hasil analisis regresi menggunakan OLS menemukan bahwa pergerakan cumulative abnormal trading volume pada -1 hingga +1 hari setelah pengumuman dan masa pandemi berpengaruh positif secara signifikan terhadap dalam pengumuman dividen dan right issue. Berbeda dengan dua aksi korporasi lainnya, tidak terdapat perbedaan perilaku abnormal return yang signifikan pada pengumuman stock split.

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The Covid-19 Pandemic period that began in 2020 caused the economy in various parts of the world significantly, especially in the capital market sector in Indonesia, which fell by 38.24% from January 2020 to March 2020. During the crisis period, the number of new investors on the Stock Exchange increased. Indonesia reached 56.21% in 2020 and 92.99% in 2021. The significant number of new investors will certainly have an impact on the general market behavior in reacting to an announcement. This study aims to empirically examine the market reaction to corporate actions before and during the COVID-19 pandemic on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This study uses the event study method with an event window for 31 days (-15, 0, +15) which was conducted on 1081 corporate actions consisting of corporate actions for dividend distribution, rights issue, and stock split. The author finds significant differences in market reactions to dividends and rights issues. During the pandemic period, significant CAAR moves occurred prior to the official announcement of corporate actions indicating a lack of information among a group of investors. The results of the analysis using OLS found that cumulative abnormal trading volume during -1 up to +1 after announcement day and the pandemic period have a significant positive effect on in dividend announcements and rights issues. In contrast to other corporate actions, there is no significant difference in abnormal return behavior in stock split announcements. "