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"ABSTRAKMonetary policy is always a dynamic attribute on commodity prices in the economy. This article examines the empirical relationship between monetary policy and commodity price by employing a vector auto-regression (VAR) Model to show its response in the case of Pakistan. In this paper, the research philosophy is employed based on Positivism with Deductive approach to recognizing the response of monetary policy shocks on commodity price. Recently, low-interest rates and excessive liquidity play a dynamic role in affecting the prices of the commodities market. Furthermore, the impact of monetary policy rate show significant result and seems to be huge in the economy of Pakistan massively. Besides, there is a stable relationship between monetary policy instrument and commodity prices even though the current financial crisis."

"Teori yang berlaku umum menyatakan bahwa kelimpahan sumber daya ekonomimengakibatkan dampak ekonomi yang merugikan. Namun, penelitian empirisberpendapat bahwa siklisitas dari bauran kebijakan fiskal suatu negara menentukanapakah negara tersebut dapat mengambil manfaat dari kelimpahan sumber dayatersebut, terutama komoditas energi. Berfokus pada Indonesia, studi ini mengujiapakah kebijakan fiskal bersifat countercyclical atau procyclical. Penelitian inimenggunakan regresi ECM dari tiga periode sampel: 1970-2019, 1970-1998, dan1999-2019 untuk menginvestigasi sifat kebijakan fiskal Indonesia terhadap hargakomoditas energi dan melakukan perbandingan dengan negara-negara lain. Hasilpenelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengeluaran pemerintah Indonesia cenderungbersifat procyclical terhadap harga komoditas energi selama era Orde Baru danacyclical selama era Reformasi. Lebih lanjut, dari perbandingan dengan Norwegiadan Nigeria, ditemukan bahwa melakukan bauran kebijakan fiskal yangcountercyclical relevan dalam memanfaatkan potensi dari komoditas energi.Bauran tersebut termasuk menjaga bantalan fiskal dan mengelola pengeluarannegara dengan menerapkan aturan fiskal dan menciptakan dana komoditas.

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The general theoretical notion is that economic resource abundance results inadverse economic repercussions. However, empirical research has argued that thecyclicality of a country's fiscal policy mix determines whether the country can usurpthe benefits from said resource abundance, especially energy commodities, or not.Focusing on Indonesia, this study examines whether the country's fiscal policyfollows countercyclicality or procyclicality. This paper utilizes ECM regressions ofthree sample periods: 1970-2019, 1970-1998, and 1999-2019 to investigate thenature of Indonesia's fiscal policy toward energy commodity prices and conductbenchmarking with other countries. The results show that Indonesia's governmentexpenditures tend to be procyclical towards energy commodity prices during theOrde Baru era and acyclical during the Reformasi era. Furthermore, frombenchmarking with Norway and Nigeria, it is discovered that conductingcountercyclical fiscal policy mixes is pertinent in usurping the benefits from energycommodities. Those mixes include preserving fiscal buffers and managingexpenditures by implementing fiscal rules and creating a commodity fund."

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Studi yang meneliti hubungan antara harga minyak dunia dan harga komoditi pangan di pasar domestik masih jarang ditemukan. Dengan membuat Model Panel Data dari 34 provinsi di Indonesia pada tahun 2010-2017, studi ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi pengaruh perubahan harga minyak dunia terhadap beberapa harga komoditi pangan lokal (kedelai,import, kedelai lokal, beras lokal, dan jagung lokal). Penelitian sebelumnya menemukan bahwa harga komoditi pangan lokal di beberapa negara tidak dipengaruhi oleh harga minyak dunia; akan tetapi, penelitian ini, dengan mengendalikan faktor – faktor lainnya yang dapat mempengaruhi harga pangan lokal, menemukan hasil yang berbeda. Hasil dari studi ini mengindikasikan bahwa harga minyak dunia dapat mempengaruhi harga pangan lokal di Indonesia melalui tingginya biaya pengiriman pada aktivitas impor. Selain itu, harga komoditi pangan dunia juga terbukti dapat mempengaruhi harga seluruh komoditi pangan lokal yang diteliti, yang mengimplikasikan bahwa harga komoditi pangan di Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh kondisi pasar internasional. Hasil dari studi ini memberikan masukan bagi pembuat kebijakan di Indonesia untuk mempertimbangkan perubahan harga minyak dunia dan harga komoditi global dalam menstabilkan harga komoditi lokal di Indonesia, terutama komoditi yang diimpor.

 

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Globally, studies examining the nexus between global crude oil price and food commodity prices in domestic markets are scant. Employing panel data model of 34 provinces in Indonesia from 2010 - 2017, this study investigates the impact of global crude oil’s price change on some local food commodity prices (imported soybean, local soybean, local rice, and local maize). Previous studies found that local food commodity prices in some countries were not affected by global crude oil prices; however, this study, by controlling other factors which could affect local commodity prices, finds different results. This study’s findings indicate that global crude oil price could affect local commodity prices in Indonesia due to higher shipping cost in import activity. In addition, global commodity prices are also proved to affect all commodities examined in this study which implies that local food commodity prices in Indonesia are influenced by international market. The results of this study provide input to policymakers in Indonesia to consider the movement of global crude oil price and global commodity prices in stabilizing local food commodity prices in Indonesia, especially the imported commodities.

 

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