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"This article examines decolonial approaches to the nature of botanical gardens in Indonesia in the artworks of nine artists featured in the exhibition On the nature of botanical gardens: contemporary Indonesian perspective at Framer Framed, Amsterdam in 2020. Zico Albaiquini, Arahmaiani, Ade Darmawan, Edwin, Samuel Indratma, Lifepatch, Ipeh Nur, Elia Nurvista, and Sinta Tantra presented works which confronted the coloniality of botanical gardens. This article provides a historical reading of the content matter of the artworks presented from a decolonial standpoint as conceptualized by Aníbal Quijano, Walter Mignolo, and María Lugones. The article will demonstrate that the artists have applied various strategies and methods to uncover, criticize, and decolonize botanical gardens and their role in empire-building, knowledge development, and the exploitation of nature. Some artists take this farther and develop a decolonial aesthesis or sensibility in order to re-appropriate Indigenous knowledges and ways of being which were silenced and erased by coloniality."

"ABSTRAKThe National Archives of Indonesia (Jakarta) and the National Archives of the Netherlands (The Hague) have been collaborating on the Java Archival Guide Project. This project, which initially ran from 2016 to 2017, will be continued in a second phase. It will provide insight into the size and richness of the local and provincial archives formed on Java during the colonial period after the dissolution of the Dutch East India Company (1800-1949). The whereabouts of these archives in Indonesia have been unknown to many researchers, preventing access to academics, local historians, and family researchers. The collections encountered during the research for this project date from the last days of the Dutch East India Company to the Japanese invasion and the years of the Indonesian National Revolution. The completed phase of the project was limited to the repositories of local and provincial governmental agencies on Java. In some cases the colonial collections seem to have disappeared, and in others, the records seem to have survived the years almost intact. "

"History is a representation of the past based on (written) knowledge which has been passed on from one generation to the next, with a preference given to written sources from a Eurocentric tradition. However, written sources about (former) colonial territories are a product of the colonial system in which they were produced. Acknowledging the biases in these archives, therefore, opens the way for acceptance of other forms of knowledge which were previously deemed “not objective” in Eurocentric historical disciplines. This paper presents several examples from the Banda Islands in Maluku province in Indonesia to attest that, by placing contemporary perceptions of the past and local reiterations of history on an equal pedestal as colonial documentation, we can work towards a more decolonial practice of writing histories. In the case of the Banda Islands, this means a shift from a colonial Eurocentric perspective of its history towards a narration of the past which honours the Bandanese heroes, religion, and resilience."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini hadir untuk menjelaskan bagaimana kebijakan kolonial Hindia Belanda dibuat pada masa akhir kekuasaannya. Satu-satunya penelitian sejarawan Indonesia yang mendalam mengenai masa ini adalah Runtuhnya Hindia Belanda karya Onghokham (1989). Berbeda dengan karya Ong, penelitian ini memberikan perhatian pada pembuatan kebijakan kolonial. Dengan demikian, pertanyaan utama yang dihadirkan adalah mengenai alasan pemerintah kolonial melaksanakan kebijakan kolonial dengan pola reaksioner. Pembahasan pada pembuatan kebijakan tersebut juga berfokus pada figur Gubernur Jenderal Tjarda van Starkenborgh yang dikenal sebagai golongan liberal. Dengan menggunakan metode kesejarahan Gottschalk (1975), penelitian ini menemukan bahwa terdapat dua faktor yang menyebabkan Hindia Belanda tidak mengakomodasi perubahan politik mendasar. Alasan pertama berkaitan dengan struktur kolonial yang membuat gubernur jenderal tidak memiliki kekuasaan untuk membuat perubahan. Sedangkan alasan kedua berkaitan dengan tekanan berbagai kepentingan yang harus dipertimbangkan oleh gubernur jenderal. Kedua faktor ini pada akhirnya membuat Hindia Belanda di bawah seorang gubernur jenderal yang liberal menjalankan kebijakan yang sangat reaksioner dan menghasilkan ketidakpuasan kaum bumiputra. Sekalipun telah memperhatikan berbagai sudut pandang, penelitian ini masih memiliki ruang bagi pembahasan lanjutan yang mempertimbangkan pandangan-pandangan figur kolonial lain dan pertimbangan terhadap sumber kearsipan yang lebih beragam.

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ABSTRACTThis research present to explain how the Netherlands Indies policies were made at the end of their rule. The only in-depth study of Indonesian historian on this period was Runtuhnya Hindia Belanda by Onghokham (1989). In contrast to Ongs work, this research pays attention to colonial policy-making. Thus, the main question presented was about the reasons of the colonial government to implement reactionary colonial policies in the changing colonial world. The discussion on policy-making also focused on the figure of Governor-general Tjarda van Starkenborgh, who was known as liberal. Applying the Gottschalk historical method (1975), this study found that there were two main factors which caused the Netherlands Indies not to accommodate fundamental political changes. The first reason related to the colonial structure which made the governor-general powerless to make any changes. While the second reason related to the pressure of various interests that must be considered by the governor-general. These two factors ultimately led the Netherlands Indies, even under a liberal governor-general, to carry out a very reactionary policy and evoke dissatisfaction within the natives. Despite observing various perspectives, this research still has room for further discussion that considers the views of other colonial figures and considerations of a more diverse source of archives.

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"Penelitian ini hadir untuk menjelaskan upaya mempertahankan perekonomian Hindia Belanda saat krisis di tahun 1930-an, khususnya dari sudut pandang lembaga perbankan. Salah satu penelitian yang membahas perihal sejarah lembaga perbankan di Hindia Belanda adalah Dutch Commerce and Chinese Merchants in Java yang ditulis oleh Alexander Claver. Berbeda dengan karya sebelumnya yang membahas perihal dinamika antara lembaga perbankan besar dan kalangan pemilik modal sejak masa awal berdirinya hingga keruntuhan Hindia Belanda, penelitian ini memberikan sudut pandang baru yaitu peranan lembaga perbankan besar dalam menolong lembaga perbankan dengan skala yang lebih kecil untuk tetap bertahan ditengah krisis yang berlangsung. Demi penelitian yang lebih spesifik, maka studi kasus yang diambil adalah upaya yang dilakukan De Javasche Bank terhadap pihak Spaarbank Bandung untuk memperbiaiki status likuiditasnya. Melalui metode sejarah dan studi literatur terhadap sumber primer maupun sekunder, menghasilkan temuan baru dimana bantuan yang dilakukan oleh De Javasche Bank berhasil membuat Spaarbank Bandung untuk bangkit dari dampak negatif yang dialami saat krisis di dekade 1930-an.

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.This research will explain how the Dutch East Indies maintained their economy during the 1930s economic depression, especially from the banking institutions point of view. One of the researches that discuss the history of banking institutions in Dutch East Indies is Dutch Commerce and Chinese Merchantsin Java written by Alexander Claver. The previous research discussed dynamics between large banking institutions and the shareholders from its inception until the final periods of the Dutch East Indies. The novelty of this research is embedded in the new perspective that it provides, which is the role of large banking institutions in helping smaller banking institutions to survive from economic crisis. This research will discuss the effort made by De Javasche Bank in improving the Spaarbank Bandung liquidity status. Through historical method and literature review on primary and secondary sources, this research found a fact that the assistance provided by De Javasche Bank succeeded in making Spaarbank Bandung rising up from the negative impacts during the crisis in the 1930s."