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"Dalam proses produksinya, PT. Pupuk Kujang mendirikan Central Control Building sebagai pusat pengawasan proses produksi Kujang 1B. Dengan menggunakan sistem peralatan canggih dengan nama Distribution Control System (DCS) maka diperlukan kondisi ruang kerja yang khusus, yaitu harus berada dalam suhu ruangan 18°C. Keadaan itu mengakibatkan pekerja terpajan suhu dingin selama jam kerjanya. Suhu tersebut merupakan suhu yang berada di bawah nilai suhu nyaman. Hal ini mengakibatkan pekerja merasa terganggu oleh dingin tersebut yang pada akhirnya dapat berpengaruh negatif bagi kesehatan pekerja.Penelitian ini membahas tentang gambaran pajanan suhu dingin terhadap kejadian hipotermia pada pekerja operator DCS di ruang kontrol Gedung CCB Kujang 1B PT. Pupuk Kujang Cikampek tahun 2009. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan disain cross-sectional.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu control room Gedung CCB Kujang 1B berada di bawah nilai ambang batas (NAB) suhu nyaman (21?30°C) berdasarkan Surat Edaran Menteri Tenaga kerja dan Transmigrasi Nomor SE.01/MEN/1978. Namun, nilai Indeks Suhu Bola Basah (ISBB) control room tersebut masih berada dalam batas yang diperkenankan menurut Keputusan Menteri Tenaga Kerja No: Kep- 51/Men/1999.Penelitian ini juga tidak menemukan adanya kasus hipotermia pada pekerja operator DCS, karena penurunan suhu tubuh yang terjadi masih berada di batas suhu normal. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, peneliti menyarankan agar dilakukan pengendalian engineering berupa pengaturan ulang suhu control room hingga mencapai suhu nyaman yang diperkenankan (21°C) atau pemasangan pembatas yang memisahkan antara pekerja dengan sumber pendingin (air conditioner - AC) serta memperbaiki fasilitas alat pelindung diri seperti jaket, sarung tangan dan penutup kepala. Memperbanyak aktivitas fisik saat bekerja serta lebih sering menyempatkan minum dan makan juga disarankan agar panas tubuh tidak hilang.

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In the process of production, PT. Pupuk Kujang establish Central Control Building as the central control of the production process Kujang 1B. By using the system with the sophisticated equipment Distribution Control System (DCS) is required then the condition that a special work space, must be in the room temperature 18°C. Circumstances that result in workers expose to cold temperatures during work hours. That temperature is below the temperature comfortable. This resulted in the workers feel disturbed by the cold, which in turn can negatively affect the health of workers.

This study discusses illustration exposure to cold temperature incident hypothermia service workers on the DCS control room in Building CCB Kujang 1B PT. Pupuk Kujang Cikampek 2009. This research is descriptive quantitative research with cross-sectional design.

Results of research indicate that the temperature control room building CCB Kujang 1B under the threshold limit value (TLV) temperature comfortable (21-30°C) based on the Circular Letter of the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration No. SE.01/MEN/1978. However, the value of Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) control room is still in the limit permitted by the Minister of Manpower Decree No: Kep-51/Men/1999.

This study also did not find any cases hypothermia on the DCS operator workers, because a decrease in body temperature that°Ccurred was in the normal temperature limits. Based on the results, the researchers suggested that the form of engineering control be reset control room temperature to reach a comfortable temperature allowed (21°C) or the barrier that separates between the workers, the source cooling (air conditioner) equipment and improve facilities such as selfprotective jacket, gloves and headgear. Increase physical activity at work and more often to eat and drink also suggested that body heat is not lost."

"Skripsi ini membahas tentang upaya ASEAN dalam menciptakan kestabilan regional pada masa Perang Dingin (1967-1991) yang ditunjukkan melalui kemunculan konsep ZOPFAN dan keterlibatan organisasi ini dalam pencarian solusi untuk menyelesaikan Konflik Kamboja. Penulisan skripsi ini menggunakan metode sejarah dan ditulis secara eksplanatif-deskriptif. Skripsi ini menyimpulkan bahwa ASEAN berhasil memberikan penyelesaian kepada Konflik Kamboja sebagai upaya untuk menciptakan kestabilan regional Asia Tenggara.

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Regional order is needed in order to achieve a regional stability. According to Michael Leifer, in general terms, regional order means the existence of a stable structure of an inter-governmental relationship informed by common assumption about the bases of inter-state conduct. In other words, regional order refers to a condition of security obtaining between regional states which is upheld by their deferring to a formal or informal set of rules. As a region that is known for its instability, South East Asia after the end of The Second World War have had a few attempts to develop the region and also to create regional stability such as Association of Southeast Asia (ASA) and Maphilindo. But none of these works well until in 1967 when a new regional organization takes a shape in what is known as Association of Southeast Asia Nation (ASEAN). This organization shows its efforts to create regional stability through the emergence of ZOPFAN concept and how to implement this concept in South East Asia."

"ABSTRAKKebutuhan domestik gas alam di Indonesia dapat dibilang besar. Namun, volume dari gas alam tersebut sangat besar sehingga harus diubah bentuknya menjadi Liquefied Natural Gas LNG . Dalam bentuk LNG, pendistribusian gas alam semakin mudah. Untuk menjadikan LNG menjadi gas alam, perlu dilakukan proses regasifikasi. Pada proses tersebut, energi dingin yang tersimpan dalam LNG terbuang begitu saja. Energi dingin yang dipindahkan ke fluida pemanas LNG sebenarnya dapat dimanfaatkan, contohnya untuk aplikasi pendinginan gudang daging meat cold storage . Fluida pemanas LNG dapat dijadikan sebagai refrigerant untuk cold storage. Karena LNG disimpan dalam suhu -162 C, potensi energi yang dapat dimanfaaatkan sangat besar yang berpengaruh pada kapasitas cold storage. Dalam kasus ini, jumlah energi dingin yang dapat dimanfaatkan dapat diperoleh melalui software HYSYS. Setelah itu dapat ditentukan kapasitas cold storage serta perancangan alat penukar panas yang dibutuhkan untuk mengatasi beban pendinginan. Oleh karena itu, perancangan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pemanfaatan energi dan bagaimana memanfaatkan energi tersebut. Cold storage yang dirancang memiliki kapasitas 47.59 kW atau 13.53 TOR. Evaporator yang dirancang model finned tube dan memiliki 5 buah fan untuk mengatasi beban pendinginan.

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ABSTRACT

Domestic utility of natural gas in Indonesia is massive relatively. But, the volume of natural gas is very big that needs to change its form into Liquefied Natural Gas LNG . With LNG, it rsquo s easier to distribute natural gases. To reform the LNG into natural gas, there is process called regasification. In this process, cold energy of LNG is wasted. The cold energy which is transferred into intermediate fluide that used to heat the LNG, can be utilized. For example on cold storage refrigeration. The intermediate fluid can be used as refrigerant for cold storage cooling system. Because LNG is stored at 162 C, there is huge energy potential that can be utilized and affected the capacity of cold storage. In this case, the cold energy can be obtained with HYSYS software. Then we can determine the capacity of the cold storage and to design the heat exchanger that will be used to overcome cooling load. Therefore, the objective of this case is to know the utilization of LNG cold energy and how to utilize it. The cold storage has capacity of 47.59 kW or 15.35 TOR. The evaporator model is finned tube and has 5 fans to coverage the cooling load"

"Sediaan farmasi yang didistribusi oleh PBF tidak hanya sebatas sediaan solid, semi solid atau liquid. Sediaan CCP (Cold Chain Product) dan obat kategori Narkotika, Psikotropika, Prekursor dan Obat-Obat Tertentu juga didistribusi oleh PBF, terutama oleh PBF KFTD. Selama proses distribusi dari sediaan CCP, terdapat titik kritis yang harus selalu diawasi agar tidak terjadi kerusakan sediaan selama proses pengantaran barang. Untuk obat kategori Narkotika, Psikotropika, Prekursor, dan Obat-Obat Tertentu juga selama pendistribusian harus diawasi secara ketat karena rawan terjadi penyalahgunaan. Pengamatan dilakukan di KFTD Bogor bagian Logistik dari pukul 08.00 – 16.00 dengan mengamati dan membantu proses penyiapan dan pendistribusian Cold Chain Product dan Narkotika, Psikotropika, Prekursor, dan Obat-Obat Tertentu. Tidak terdapat perbedaan antara SOP Pengiriman Cold Chain Product dengan CDOB 2020 dan terdapat perbedaan antara SOP Pengiriman Narkotika dengan CDOB 2020. Perbedaan tersebut adalah hasil investigasi internal yang tidak dilampirkan pada laporan kehilangan barang narkotika ke Badan POM sedangkan pada CDOB dalam laporan kehilangan dilengkapi hasil investigasi internal.

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Pharmaceutical preparations distributed by PBF are not only limited to solid, semi-solid, or liquid preparations. CCP (Cold Chain Product) preparations and drugs in the category of Narcotics, Psychotropics, Precursors, and Certain Drugs are also distributed by PBF, especially by PBF KFTD. During the distribution process of CCP preparations, there are critical points that must always be monitored so that inventory damage does not occur during the goods delivery process. Drugs in the category of Narcotics, Psychotropics, Precursors, and Certain Drugs during distribution, must be closely monitored because they are prone to abuse. Observations were made at KFTD Bogor in the Logistics section from 08.00 – 16.00 by observing and assisting in the process of preparing and distributing Cold Chain Products and Narcotics, Psychotropics, Precursors, and Certain Drugs. There is no difference between the SOP for Cold Chain Product Delivery and CDOB 2020 and there is a difference between the SOP for Narcotics Delivery and CDOB 2020. The difference is the result of an internal investigation which is not attached to the report on the loss of narcotics to the POM while the CDOB in the loss report is accompanied by the results of the internal investigation. It is necessary to add the results of internal investigations to the attachment to the report on the loss of narcotic goods in the SOP so that they can comply with the 2020 CDOB.

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"Purpose of Research (specific objective and/or statement of hypothesis in around 300 to400 words. Please try to avoid using an additional page). Zry-4 is an alloy of Ziconium (Zr) with alloying elements of Fe,Cr, and Sn with weight percentage of 0.2%, 0.07% and 1.5% respectively. This alloying element addition is intended to improve the mechanical properties as well as Zirconium, that is corrosive resistance at high temperature. Besides the alloying elements, the micro structural morphology of Zry-4, as results of thermomechanic treatment process, also an active role to determine mechanical, physical and corrosion properties. This alloy is used as structure and cladding materials for Pressurized water Reactor (PWR) nuclear fuel element. Zirconium alloy of Zr-702 will also be used for chemical engineering devices due to its high corrosion resistance in acid and alkali liquid as well as at high temperature. Examples of device are : Distillation Column, Reactor, Pump Housing and Heat exchanger and Heating coil due to mechanical properties at high temperature. Some researchs have been done previously to observe changes of mechanical and corrosive properties of Zry-4 with solution treatment 0-phase, but unfortunately they are not continued between deformation degree and grain size with new precipitate is obtained.In this research we plan to carry out a cold deformation process of 0-quenching result and be continued with annealing process. From the process results we will observe the morphology of micro structure of Zry-4. This process will enable to determine the deformation level, time and temperature annealing to obtain a certain microstructure according to the desired mechanical properties (Microhardness). Results of research can hopefully be used as input in the working process of Zry-4.Optical Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Diffraction will be used in the microstructure observation."

"Start prcess,particularly cold start condition is considered important to be focused in terms of emission reduction due to high unberned hydrocarbon (HC) concertration in the exhaust gas....."

"Pedagang besar farmasi (PBF) merupakan perusahaan berbentuk badan hukum yang memiliki izin pengadaan, penyimpanan, penyalura obat dan/atau bahan obat dalam jumlah besar sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan. Salah satu kegiatan di PBF yaitu penyimpanan. Produk obat dan/atau bahan obat disimpan sesuai dengan persyaratan yang telah ditetapkan oleh industry yang memproduksi obat dan/atau bahan obat tersebut. Beberapa produk harus disimpan di suhu dingin atau disebut sebagai cold chain product (CCP). Cold chain product atau produk rantai dingin termasuk diantaranya adalah vaksin, produk biologis, dan beberapa jenis obat tertentu seperti insulin. Produk rantai dingin harus disimpan di dalam cold room atau chiller sehingga suhu dapat dijaga pada range yang telah ditetapkan oleh industry. Untuk mengetahui bahwa cold room atau chiller yang digunakan dapat bekerja sesuai dengan spesifikasi, maka perlu dilakukan kaulifikasi kinerja. Kualifikasi kinerja dilakukan untuk mengetahui dan mendokumentasikan bahwa peralatan dan sistem penunjang yang terhubung secara bersamaan terverifikasi dapat bekerja dengan efektif dan sesuai dengan spesifikasi yang diinginkan. Tujuan dari tugas khusus ini adalah untuk mengetahui tujuan dilakukannya kualifikasi kinerja dan melakukan kualifikasi kinerja pada cold room atau chiller yang digunakan untuk penyimpanan produk rantai dingin. Hasil dari tugas khusus ini adalah bahwa tujuan kualifikasi kinerja adalah untuk mengetahui bahwa alat bekerja sesuai dengan spesifikasi yang diinginkan pada penggunaan saat penggunaan rutin dan saat alat terisi oleh produk, dan telah dilakukannya kualifikasi kinerja pada cold room atau chiller yang digunakan untuk penyimpanan produk rantai dingin dengan hasil memenuhi kriteria penerimaan tanpa ada penyimpangan. Oleh karena itu, cold room atau chiller dapat digunakan untuk menyimpan produk rantai dingin dengan suhu penyimpanan 2 - 8°C.

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Pharmaceutical wholesalers are companies in the form of legal entities that have permits to procure, store, distribute drugs and/or medicinal ingredients in large quantities in accordance with statutory provisions. One of the activities at PBF is storage. Medicinal products and/or medicinal substances are stored in accordance with the requirements set by the industry that produces the medicine and/or medicinal substances. Some products must be stored at cold temperatures or are called cold chain products (CCP). Cold chain products include vaccines, biological products, and certain types of drugs such as insulin. Cold chain products must be stored in a cold room or chiller so that the temperature can be maintained within the range set by the industry. To know that the cold room or chiller used can work according to specifications, it is necessary to carry out performance qualifications. Performance qualification is carried out to determine and document that the equipment and supporting systems connected simultaneously are verified to work effectively and in accordance with the desired specifications. The purpose of this special task is to find out the purpose of carrying out performance qualifications and carry out performance qualifications in cold rooms or chillers used for cold chain product storage. The result of this special task is that the purpose of performance qualification is to find out that the tool works according to the desired specifications during routine use and when the tool is filled with product, and performance qualification has been carried out in the cold room or chiller used for cold chain product storage. with the results meeting the acceptance criteria without any deviations. Therefore, a cold room or chiller can be used to store cold chain products with a storage temperature of 2 - 8°C."