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"The increased need to reduce carbon dioxide emissions to prevent global warming have led to an interest in biomass and solid waste as fuel sources. As a potential renewable energy resource, biomass and solid waste materials are receiving more attention worldwide. A number of techniques and methods have been proposed for reducing gaseous emissions from a fossil fuel conversion thermal system. This paper presents a pilot-scale bubbling fluidized bed gasifier with a diameter of 0.68 m and a height of 1.50 m using an oil burner to heat the bed. This study used four types of biomass materials mixed with coal at different mass composition ratios in an air gasifying agent. The gasification tests were conducted under steady-state at an operating condition that is typical for gasification. The influence that the solid waste and coal ratio had on gasification efficiency was investigated. The gasification efficiency and the carbon conversion efficiency increased when the mass ratio of the solid waste fuels increased."

"Increasing energy demand, in line with the rate of population growth, is always followed by the pace of the waste dump. Where the largest percentage comes from organic waste, it is potentially utilized as raw material of biomass mixture for emission reduction efforts in fuel conversion from waste energy. The main objective of this paper is to study the characteristics of co-gasification, especially gasification temperature, lower heating value and gas emission, on the performance of the biomass gasification process in a downdraft fixed bed gasifier. In this study, organic waste used twigs, coconut fibers and rice husks in the pelletization as raw materials on the combustion technology Downdraft Gasifier. Methods were carried out by co-gasification techniques between WCF (wood-coconut fibers) pellet and rice husk on 100% pellet composition, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 100% rice husk. Syngas testing is done with direct measurement on the burner with TCD type Shimadzu 8A gas chromatography. The highest reactor temperature in the pyrolysis zone was 400oC to 850oC and the temperature in the oxidation zone was 1000oC to 1200oC. The result of the synthetic gas testing obtained the highest lower heating value (LHV) in WCF 100% pellet composition at 4.07 MJ/Nm3 with 85% efficiency. The lower heating value of the lowest syngas in a 100% pellet composition was 2.99 MJ/Nm3, where the increase of WCF pellets will increase the LHV syngas value. This resulted in visually low tar content and low ash particles in all compositions of approximately 30 to 35% of the initial mass of each composition, with the lowest ash in 100% rice husk composition at 0.29 g."