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"Kolesistitis merupakan radang empedu yang lebih sering disebabkan karena batu empedu. Namun, penyebab lain seperti kanker caput pankreas yang mungkin terjadi dapat menjadi penyebab lain dari kolesistitis. Manifestasi klinis yang khas dan sering muncul adalah nyeri hebat yang menyebabkan nausea. Nyeri hebat disebabkan adanya impuls yang dihantarkan ke pusat muntah karena distensi duktus empedu. Nyeri tersebut menyebabkan nausea yang mempengaruhi status nutrisi. Pemenuhan status nutrisi merupakan salahsatu peran penting perawat. Manajemen nutrisi bertujuan untuk memenuhi status nutrisi dan menjaga metabolisme tubuh. Intervensi mandiri yang dilakukan perawat yakni mengkaji status nutrisi, pola makan dan yang mempengaruhinya, serta monitor intake makanan dan respon terhadap makanan yang masuk. Hal tersebut didukung dengan intervensi kolaboratif berupa pemberian amino fluid sebagai nutrisi parenteral. Manajemen nutrisi yang efektif dapat mengatasi gangguan nutrisi yang terjadi.

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Cholecystitis is an inflammation of the bile which is more often caused by gallstones. However, other causes such as pancreatic head cancer that may occur can be other causes of cholecystitis. A typical clinical manifestation that often appears is severe pain that causes nausea. Severe pain is caused by the impulse which delivered to the vomiting center due to distention of the bile duct. The pain causes nausea which affects nutritional status. Fulfillment of nutritional status is one of the important roles of nurses. Nutrition management aims to fulfill nutritional status and maintain body metabolism. Independent interventions carried out by nurses, namely assessing nutritional status, dietary patterns and influencing them, as well as monitoring food intake and response to food intake. This is supported by collaborative intervention in the form of providing amino fluid as parenteral nutrition. Effective nutrition management can overcome nutritional disorders that occur. "

"PURPOSES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of comorbidities on the surgical outcomes of early cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis.METHODS: Data were retrospectively collected for patients with acute cholecystitis who underwent early cholecystectomy. Patients were separated into three groups based on the cholecystitis severity grade, and the surgical outcomes of early cholecystectomy were analyzed. Patients with mild and moderate cholecystitis were subdivided into a comorbidity group (n = 10) and a non-comorbidity group (n = 83).RESULTS: There were 57 (55.3%) patients with mild cholecystitis, 36 (35.0%) with moderate cholecystitis, and 10 (9.7%) with severe cholecystitis. The surgical outcomes were significantly worse for patients with severe cholecystitis than for patients with mild or moderate cholecystitis. There were no postoperative deaths after cholecystectomy. There were no significant differences in the complication rate (P = 0.629), conversion rate (P = 0.114), or intraoperative blood loss (P = 0.147) between the comorbidity and non-comorbidity groups.CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that early cholecystectomy can be performed safely for patients with mild and moderate cholecystitis even if comorbidities are present. Early cholecystectomy may be an alternative treatment strategy for patients with severe cholecystitis who are candidates for anesthesia and surgery."