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"Berbeda dengan perusahaan besar yang mampu mengembangkan kegiatan penelitian dan pengembangan, kemampuan inovasi UKM merupakan perwujudan the economics of proximity. UKM dihadapkan pada kelemahan internal yakni ketiadaan kegiatan penelitian dan pengembangan serta kelemahan mengakses sumber-sumber informasi. Akibatnya, peran aktif mitra menjadi sangat penting dalam rangka mendorong kemampuan inovasi. Kedekatan UKM dengan kekuatan eksternal seperti konsumen, distributor, pemasok, dan pesaing justeru menjadi elemen penting sebagai sumber pengetahuan dalam pengembangan kemampuan inovasi.Peran UKM di Indonesia sangat penting sebagai kegiatan ekonomi rakyat yang memberikan sumbangan besar dalam meningkatkan taraf kehidupan sosial. Walaupun merupakan kegiatan bisnis terbesar, tetapi pada kenyataannya UKM menghadapi permasalahan dalam membangun kemampuan inovasi karena penguasaan ketrampilan dan adopsi teknologi yang kurang memadai bagi efektivitas dan efisiensi proses bisnisnya. Kelemahan substansial yang dimiliki adalah proses pembelajaran dalam mengadopsi ketrampilan dan teknologi baru.Sebagian persoalan tersebut sebenarnya tidak terlepas dari kendala internal yang dihadapi. Terbatasnya kompetensi sumberdaya manusia, akses permodalan, dan teknologi merupakan kelemahan mendasar. Penelitian bersifat deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan grounded research dan beberapa proses pendukung untuk pengumpulan data penelitian.Obyek penelitian adalah aktivitas para perajin gerabah di Sentra UKM Kasongan dalam mencari informasi, melakukan pembelajaran, dan merekayasa inovasi produk. Selain itu digunakan pendekatan partisipasi sebagai metode untuk menangkap elemen-elemen penting dalam proses pengelolaan modal pengetahuan UKM kawasan Kasongan. Untuk mempertajam analisis, proses pengumpulan data juga menggunakan metode wawancara mendalam (indepth interview) dengan informan kunci yang ditetapkan berdasarkan kapabilitas individu maupun jabatan struktural.Penelitian berhasil menemu-kenali bahwa pengelolaan pengetahuan menyebabkan munculnya karakter yang khas. Analisis terhadap proses pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan pengetahuan serta rekayasa kemampuan inovasi dipengaruhi oleh aspek kemitraan yang ada di kawasan Kasongan. Kedua elemen tersebut membedakan UKM dalam 5 kategori berdasarkan informational, technological, dan innovation capability. Kemampuan informasi ada kemampuan unit usaha mendekati sumber-sumber informasi dan memecahkan kode-kode informasi melalui pembelajaran. Kemampuan teknologi adalah kemampuan untuk menyusun metode, peralatan, dan jaringan kerja proses produksi. Kemampuan inovasi adalah kemampuan rekayasa ide dan gagasan produk inovatif. Berdasarkan karakteristik kemampuan, maka disusun kategori UKM dalam mengelola pengetahuan, yakni tradisional, modifikasi tradisional, pendukung bahan baku, sanggar seni, dan modern. Ke-5 tipe UKM menunjukkan adanya disparitas dalam pengelolaan pengetahuan dan kemampuan inovasi.Berdasarkan hasil analisis masih ada ruang kajian yang berpotensi untukditeliti lebih dalam, seperti kajian tentang kriteria perusahaan berdasarkan technological capability yakni kemampuan teknologis dalam menciptakan peralatan, informational capability yakni kemampuan informatik dalam menemukan sumber, menggali kedalaman, dan mempelajari informasi sehingga menjadi pengetahuan, serta innovational capability yakni kemampuan inovasi yang mendorong pengetahuan dan peralatan yang dimiliki menjadi sebuah proses maupun produk yang bernilai baru. Pendekatan knowledge management di sektor UKM banyak dikaitkan dengan kemampuan inovasi, padahal bisa diterapkan dalam berbagai aspek organisasi. Telaah tentang pengelolaan dan penggunaan pengetahuan dalam rangka pengembangan organisasi (Organizational Development) di sektor UKM pada kenyataannya masih membuka ruang untuk dikaji lebih dalam.

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Kasongan is a village where most of the people earn their living by making pottery. The product from this village successfully reaches world market. Various factors have contributed to the sustainability, as well as innovation, of the process of ceramic-making and the business environment surrounding it. Also essential are the roles of potters in facing the competitions era and the steps taken by ceramics workshop. By producing its product, Kasongan Village of Pottery has grown the spirit of development in self-creativity and ability to innovate are effort to cope with dynamics market. The capability to innovate in SME is different form the large company.Research and development in large company is use to function for their innovativeness whereas the SME believed that the capability to innovate depend on their business network. The business network called the economics of proximity. Most of SME lack of market orientation and information. The business network is the most important part to build the capability to innovative for SME.They lack of money to do the research and to propose development programs. The role business network such as customer, distributor, supplier, and competitor take an important role for SME to sustain their life. The role of the business network can be called knowledge capital.In Indonesia, SME play an important role for people?s economic activities. They have been taking an important part to build the people?s life. Even though the SME become the most important business activities, it?s still facing the very basically business problem. They lack of skill, competence, people, and capital to join global competition. But, The Kasongan Village of Pottery said the different. Their product have the capability to compete in global market level because the ability of the workers to innovate.This is the qualitative research using grounded research approach. The research is focused on the activities of the worker in Kasongan Village of Pottery. The mean of research is analyzed on use and creation of knowledge capital. The participatory research used to collect data form the informant. The key informant decided by some discussion with the local government and the cratfment associated.The study provides an illustration of the development of Kasongan Village of Pottery Craftmanship, including its background and production and marketing pattern. The result of the study can be relevant for both private and government.Firstly, It will particularly serve as an example of clustering policy and the relationship between center of industry and their surrounding areas. Secondly, it exemplifies one of business activity of productive people-based economic.Thirdly, there are 5 types of SME in Kasongan Village of Pottery that tight together in business network. The type is differentiated by technological, informational, and innovational capabilities. The informational capability is that the SME capability to collect and processed the information from their business network. The technological capability is that the ability to build methods and means of their business process. And the innovational capabilities mean the ability to build product based on the information from their business network. The type of SME is traditional, traditional modified, supported, studio art, and modern."

"ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas mengenai tingkat kepentingan resources dan capability yang berkaitan dengan kegiatan supply chain hilir Pertamina pada fungsi Integrated Supply Chain PT. Pertamina (Persero). Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dan dikembangkan dengan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa resource dan capability yang dimiliki oleh PT. Pertamina (Persero) dinilai memiliki tingkat kompetitif yang hampir sama dibandingkan dengan rata-rata pesaing dalam industri. Dalam penelitian ini juga dijelaskan pentingnya melakukan analisis pagu patok (benchmarking} terhadap kompetitor yang bertujuan untuk dapat mengembangkan proses bisnis yang telah ada guna meningkatkan daya saing perusahaan: Hasil penelitian ini menyarankan untuk meneliti tingkat kepentingan resource dan capability dengan format identifikasi yang lebih spesifik lagi.

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ABSTRACTThe focus of this study is about the strategic importance of resource and capability related to Pertamina's downstream supply chain activities on Integrated Supply Chain Function of PT. Pertamina (Persero). This study is developed with qualitative research and descriptive analysis. The study found that resources and capability owned by PT. Pertamina (Persero) were considered to have a similiar competitive level as compared to the average competitor in the industry. This study also described the importance of conducting benchmarking analysis against competitors in order to be able to develop the existing business processes to improve the competitiveness of company. These results suggest to investigate the importance of resource and capability to identify as the source of competitive advantages of the company with more specific fonnat identification."

"Penelitian pada disertasi ini bertujuan untuk mengivestigasi pengaruh dari kebijakan pemerintah terhadap inisiasi dan implementasi proyek dengan pendekatan empirik di industri pembangkitan listrik berbasis energi terbarukan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini sangat penting dan dimotivasi oleh dua faktor utama sebagai berikut. Pertama adalah adanya "gap of knowledge" dalam penelitian di bidang manajemen. Pinto & Winch (2016) mengemukakan bahwa hubungan antara kebijakan pemerintah dengan keproyekan masih berupa 'black box' dan perlu dilakukan dengan pendekatan manajemen stratejik. Penelitian terdahulu sebenarnya telah banyak membicarakan tentang kebijakan pemerintah dan keproyekan. Namun demikian, penelitian-penelitian tersebut banyak dilakukan dengan pendekatan ekonomi, dengan asumsi bahwa keuntungan ekonomi dari suatu proyek akan menggerakkan pelaku bisnis untuk melaksanakan proyek tersebut. Pada kenyataannya, pelaku bisnis harus memahami bagaimana cara mereka menginisiasi dan mengimplementasikan suatu proyek agar dapat meraih keuntungan tersebut, dimana proses untuk memahami hal tersebut dapat diraih melalui pendekatan manajemen strategi. Selanjutnya, faktor lainnya yang memotivasi penelitian ini adalah proyek saat ini telah dipertimbangkan sebagai aktivitas stratejik untuk mencapai kepentingan pembangunan infrastruktur di dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Pemerintah Indonesia telah menetapkan target pembangunan sektor kelistrikan berbasis energi terbarukan guna mencapai target energi terbarukan sebesar minimal 23% pada bauran energi nasional pada tahun 2025. Proyek pembangunan pembangkit listrik berbasis energi terbarukan diharapkan dapat berkontribusi pada pencapaian target tersebut. Berdasarkan motivasi tersebut, penelitian ini mengintegrasikan tiga area besar penelitian di bidang manajemen, yaitu: kewirausahaan (entrepreneurship), manajemen strategi (strategic management) dan proyek manajemen (project management). Dari hasi studi literatur dibangun sebuah model penelitian yang terdiri dari enam variabel penelitian dan sepuluh hipotesis. Keenam variabel penelitian itu adalah: (1) kebijakan pemerintah (government policies); (2) orientasi kewirausahaan (entrepreneurial orientation); (3) akumulasi dan akusisi sumber daya (resource accumulation and acquisition); (4) kapabilitas jejaring (network capability); (5) kapabilitas manajemen proyek (project management capability); dan (6) persepsi kinerja investasi (perceived investment performance). Model penelitian ini diujikan pada industri pembangkitan listrik berbasis energi terbarukan dengan unit analisis perusahaan Independent Power Producer (IPP). Responden dari penelitian ini adalah direktur dan manajer IPP. Terdapat 122 IPP yang berkontribusi mengisi kuesioner pada penelitian ini. Namun demikian, hanya 117 kuesioner yang digunakan dalam pengolahan data. Hasil pengolahan data menunjukkan bahwa hanya tujuh hipotesis yang didukung dengan data. Selanjutnya, tiga hipotesis ditolak. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan pemerintah (government policies) tidak mempengaruhi orientasi kewirausahaan (entrepreneurial orientation), dan orientasi ini juga tidak mempengaruhi kapabilitas manajemen proyek (project management capability). Yang paling mengejutkan adalah analisis model menunjukkan bahwa kapabilitas manajemen proyek (project management capability) tidak berpengaruh terhadap persepsi kinerja investasi (perceived investment performance). Akhirnya, keterbatasan dari penelitian ini menekankan akan pentingnya penelitian di masa mendatang untuk melibatkan pemangku kepentingan lainnya selain IPP, menganalisis isu pada masing-masing jenis energi terbarukan, dan menganalisis lebih jauh tentang peran kapabilitas manajemen proyek (project management capability) terhadap persepsi kinerja investasi (perceived investment performance). Lebih jauh lagi, studi komprehensif tentang bagaimana IPP menghadapi keterbatasan pasar monopsoni sangat dianjurkan oleh penelitian ini.

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This study aims to empirically investigate the influence of government policies on the initiation and implementation of the project in renewable energy based power generation industry in Indonesia. The study is critical and motivated by two main factors. The first factor is a theoretical gap. There is a gap of knowledge in management literature. Pinto & Winch (2016) argue that there is still "a black box" on the relationship between government policies and project. They argue that research is needed to investigate the black box through the strategic management perspective. This study finds that previous research on government policies and project have been conducted mostly by using the economic perspective. The assumption on those research is that the business players will take economic opportunities when the projects produce benefits. However, to gain those benefits, the business players have to understand how the government policies influence the process of project initiation and implementation.

It is argued that the process can be investigated through the strategic management approach. Another factor that motivates this study is the current phenomena where projects are needed as strategic activities in world's infrastructure development, including in Indonesia. The government of Indonesia has set the target renewable energy share of minimum 23% in the national energy mix by 2025. Power generation projects from renewable energy sources are expected to contribute more in achieving the target.

Based on those motivations, this study integrates three main areas of research in the management field as follow: (1) entrepreneurship; (2) strategic management; and (3) project management. Based on the literature review, a model is developed which consists of six variables and ten hypotheses. The variables are: 1) government policies; (2) entrepreneurial orientation; (3) resource accumulation and acquisition; (4) network capability; (5) project management capability; and (6) perceived investment performance. The model is tested in the renewable energy based power industry where Independent Power Producers (IPPs) act as the units of analysis. The respondents are directors and managers of IPPs. There are 122 IPPs contributing in this study by filling the questionnaires. However, there are only 117 questionnaires used in the data analysis.

Results show that only seven hypotheses are supported by the data. The analysis shows that government policies do not influence the entrepreneurial orientation, and the orientation do not influence the project management capability. Surprisingly, project management capability do not influence the perceived investment performance. Finally, future studies are needed related to performance measurement which should involve other stakeholders in projects, and specific project issues for each renewable energy source. Future studies are also expected to further analyse the role of project management capability in performance. Finally, this study calls for comprehensive study on how IPPs face the limitation on monopsony market."

"The aims of this study were to analyze for the pattern diversity of organizational innovation capability building and what factor caused it among Small and Medium Business (SMB) in Semarang. The study used seven factors of determinant of innovation capability. The factor were human resource capability, technology usage, external interactions, marketing capability, production/operation capability, new product development and research and development. The study also propose 2 (two) factors that were used to test what factors causes the pattern diversity of innovation capability building. The factors are business size and business age. Based on literatures reviews and questionnaire result , for 101 managers of SMB and t-tets analize, succed that business size caused pattern diversitty of organizational innovation capability building among SMB for four factors. The factors were human resource capability, technology usage, marketing capability and research and development. The followed analysis, business age caused pattern diversity of organizational innovation capability building among SMB for four factors. The factors were external interaction, marketing capability, technology usage and research and development. "

"Tesis ini membahas perumusan strategi bersaing PT. Barokah Gemilang Perkasa,perusahaan kapal transportir BBM yang berlokasi di Balikpapan, Kalimantan Timur, berdasarkan konsep dynamic capability untuk mengintegrasikan sumbersumber daya sehingga dapat membantu perusahaan mencapai keunggulan bersaing dalam bekerjasama dengan PT. Pertamina dan PT. Pertamina Tongkang Cabang Balikpapan. Metode penulisan tesis ini adalah deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan bahwa PT. Barokah Gemilang Perkasa belum memiliki sumber daya yang cukup untuk mencapai keunggulan bersaing. Oleh karen itu, tesis ini menjabarkan strategi alternatif untuk memaksimalkan sumber daya yang ada sehingga PT. Barokah Gemilang Perkasa mampu mencapai keunggulan bersaing.

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This writing studies the crafting of competitive strategy for PT. Barokah Gemilang Perkasa, a company of fuel transportation in Balikpapan, East Borneo, based on dynamic capability to gain competitive advantage in coorperarting with PT. Pertamina and PT. Pertamina Tongkang Balikpapan. The methode used in this writing is descriptive.

This thesis results that PT. Barokah Gemilang Perkasa has not had enough resources to gain sustained competitive advantage. Thus, this writing researches and explains alternative strategies to maximize the resources so that PT. Barokah Gemilang Perkasa can gain its target."

"[ABSTRAK Keberhasilan dalam memberikan layanan informasi dapat memberikan dampak positif bagi organisasi dan masyarakat secara umum Dengan demikian investasi yang telah dilakukan oleh RSAB Harapan Kita dalam implementasi TI seharusnya sejalan dengan tujuan organisasi dan sesuai dengan harapan stakeholders RSAB Harapan Kita sudah memiliki tata kelola TI namum masih belum optimal harusnya dengan tata kelola TI ini RSAB bisa memenuhi harapan stakeholders Agar bisa mencapai harapan itu kita harus mengevaluasinya Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi tata kelola TI di RSAB Harapan Kita dengan menggunakan COBIT 5 Langkah yang dilakukan adalah wawancara yang kemudian dipetakan pada proses cobit Dari beberapa sumber didapatlah permasalahan organisasi terkait tata kelola teknologi informasi lalu dipetakan ke proses cobit yang ada Dari pemetaan tersebut kemudian peneliti membuat kuisioner untuk mengukur tingkat kapabilitas kondisi saat ini dan target dari setiap permasalahan yang ada Kemudian peneliti membuat rekomendasi yang diberikan untuk menutupi gap tersebut berdasarkan kapabilitas dan usulan tata kelola yang dihasilkan berupa rancangan tata kelola TI yang perlu diterapkan pada masing masing proses TI Kata kunci Evaluasi Tata kelola TI COBIT 5 Kapabilitas ABSTRACT Success in providing information services can provide a positive impact for organizations and society in general Thus investments made by RSAB Harapan Kita in IT implementation should in line with organizational objectives and in accordance with the expectations of stakeholders RSAB Hope We already have IT governance yet still not optimal should the IT governance is RSAB can meet the expectations of stakeholders In order to achieve that hope we have to evaluate this study aims to evaluate the IT governance in RSAB Harapan Kita using COBIT 5 Steps taken is the interview which is then mapped to the COBIT processes From several sources obtained organizational problems related information technology governance and mapped to existing COBIT processes From mapping is then researchers made a questionnaire to measure the level of capability of the current state and the target of any existing problems Then the researchers make recommendations provided to cover these gaps based capabilities and governance proposals that produced a draft of IT governance that need to be applied to each IT process Keywords Evaluation IT Governance COBIT 5 Capability;Success in providing information services can provide a positive impact for organizations and society in general Thus investments made by RSAB Harapan Kita in IT implementation should in line with organizational objectives and in accordance with the expectations of stakeholders RSAB Hope We already have IT governance yet still not optimal should the IT governance is RSAB can meet the expectations of stakeholders In order to achieve that hope we have to evaluate this study aims to evaluate the IT governance in RSAB Harapan Kita using COBIT 5 Steps taken is the interview which is then mapped to the COBIT processes From several sources obtained organizational problems related information technology governance and mapped to existing COBIT processes From mapping is then researchers made a questionnaire to measure the level of capability of the current state and the target of any existing problems Then the researchers make recommendations provided to cover these gaps based capabilities and governance proposals that produced a draft of IT governance that need to be applied to each IT process Keywords Evaluation IT Governance COBIT 5 Capability, Success in providing information services can provide a positive impact for organizations and society in general Thus investments made by RSAB Harapan Kita in IT implementation should in line with organizational objectives and in accordance with the expectations of stakeholders RSAB Hope We already have IT governance yet still not optimal should the IT governance is RSAB can meet the expectations of stakeholders In order to achieve that hope we have to evaluate this study aims to evaluate the IT governance in RSAB Harapan Kita using COBIT 5 Steps taken is the interview which is then mapped to the COBIT processes From several sources obtained organizational problems related information technology governance and mapped to existing COBIT processes From mapping is then researchers made a questionnaire to measure the level of capability of the current state and the target of any existing problems Then the researchers make recommendations provided to cover these gaps based capabilities and governance proposals that produced a draft of IT governance that need to be applied to each IT process Keywords Evaluation IT Governance COBIT 5 Capability]"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kapabilitas Inspektorat Badan Standardisasi Nasional (BSN) dengan Internal Audit-Capability Model (IA-CM) dan area of improvement kapabilitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Inspektorat BSN ada di Level 1 (Initial), artinya audit hanya verifikasi dokumen, auditor belum seluruhnya bersertifikat, dan kurangnya koordinasi dengan pihak lain. Terdapat kesenjangan yang tinggi antara kebutuhan pemangku kepentingan dengan kapabilitas pada seluruh elemen dalam IA-CM. Inspektorat BSN perlu melakukan perbaikan untuk mencapai Level 3 (Integrated) pada tahun 2019 adalah melalui audit kinerja, pengembangan kompetensi auditor dan peningkatan koordinasi dengan pihak lain.

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This study aims to analyze Inspectorate of National Standardization Agency (BSN)?s capability using Internal Audit-Capability Model (IA-CM) and areas of improvement of capability. This study uses qualitative research with case study approach.

The result shows Inspectorate BSN at Level 1 (Initial), which means audit only on document verification, some auditors have not been certified, and lack of coordination with other parties. There is a high gap between stakeholder's needs and the capability on all IA-CM elements. Inspectorate BSN needs to make improvements to achieve Level 3 (Integrated) in 2019 through performance audit, auditors competence development and coordination with other parties."

"Tesis ini membahas evaluasi IACM level 3 pada sistem pengawasan Inspektorat Jenderal Kementerian Pertanian untuk memastikan kesenjangan (gap) antara kondisi kapabilitas Inspektorat Kementerian Pertanian dengan kebutuhan pemangku kepentingan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Informan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari Sekretaris lnspektorat Jenderal, Inspektorat I, Inspektorat III, Inspektorat IV, Inspektorat Investigasi dan lnspektur II Inspektorat Jenderal Kementerian Pertanian. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari data primer dan data sekunder. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui analisis dokumen dan wawancara. Analisis data kualitatif dilakukan dengan melibatkan reduksi data, sajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan aktivitas pengawasan yang dilakukan oleh Inspektorat Jenderal Kementerian Pertanian RI berada di Level 3 atau hanya melakukan aktivitas pengawasan pada audit ketaatan. Secara umum, Inspektorat Jenderal Kementerian Pertanian sudah mencapai level 3 (terintegrasi). Dalam setiap elemen, seluruh kebijakan, proses, dan prosedur audit internal yang relevan ditetapkan, didokumentasikan, dan diintegrasikan.

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This thesis discusses the IACM level 3 evaluation of the supervision system of the Inspectorate General of the Ministry of Agriculture to determine the gap between the capability conditions of the Inspectorate of the Ministry of Agriculture and the needs of stakeholders. The research method used is a qualitative method with a case study approach. The informants in this research consisted of Secretary of the Inspectorate General, Inspectorate I, Inspectorate III, Inspectorate IV, Investigation Inspectorate and Inspector II Inspectorate General of the Ministry of Agriculture. The data used in this research consists of primary data and secondary data. Data collection was carried out through document analysis and interviews. Qualitative data analysis is carried out involving data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this research show that the supervision activities carried out by the Inspectorate General of the Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture are at Level 3 or only carry out supervision activities on compliance audits.In general, Inspectorate General of the Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture has reached level 3 (integrated). Within each element, all relevant internal audit policies, processes and procedures are defined, documented and integrated."

"ABSTRAKSebagai perekonomian negara sedang berkembang di Indonesia sektor jasa masih sangat tertinggal. Anggapan yang melatar belakangi penelitian dan penulisan tesis ini ialah ketertinggalan sektor jasa itu. termasuk jasa profesional ( Professional Servicess ) tidak saja dikarenakan belum maju dan berkembangnya keahlian dan keterampilan profesional. Tetapi juga karena kelembagaan organisasi yang mendukung pelayanan jasa profesional belum cukup dapat dihandalkan. lni karena belum meluasnya kesadaran keunggulan bersaing sangat ditentukan oleh "organization capability", sehingga organisasi dipandang sebagai alat saja. Karena itu tesis ini, usaha melakukan deskripsi permasalahan kelembagaan organisasi kemitraan profesional secara medasar, yaitu berkenaan dengan " Professional Turnover " dari perspektif organisasi. Dengan tujuan agar melalui perspektif itu dapat diungkap berapa besar tingkat "turnover" organisasi kemitraan profesional, apa yang mendorong terjadinya, bagaimana kondisi internal organisasi yang mengalami "turnover" itu, apa yang dilakukan atau dapat dilakukan agar tingkat "turnover" itu dapat ditekan. Sehingga tidak menjadi "emergent system" bagi organisasi kemitraan profesional. Ternyata "turnover" organisasi kemitraan profesional dapat dikatakan sangat tinggi. Dengan Cara perhitungan menggunakan total anggota tahun terakhir penelitian saja munculnya angka 48,0-persen mitra ( Partners ) keluar dan angka 71,0-persen mitra baru. Kalau perhitungan dilakukan menggunakan persentase keluar tiap tahun angka-angka itu akan jauh lebih besar, yaitu 52,0-persen mitra keluar. Sehingga dalam 10-tahun dapat dikatakan tiap organisasi keritraan sudah merupakan organisasi baru sama sekali, karena semua orang baru. Tingkat "turnover" seperti itu tidak tampak ganjil jika dikaitkan dengan keadaan pasar tenaga kerja profesional di Jakakarta sebagai Iingkungan mikro dari organisasi kemitraan profesional itu di mana surplus penawaran tenaga kerja profesional muncul bersamaan dengan tidak tecisinya sejumlah kesempatan kerja, atau ada jurang kualitas tenaga kerja tersedia dengan kualifrkasi kerja yang tersedia. Di pihak lain pendidikan mitra yang tinggi mendorong tenaga kerja profesional cenderung oportunistik Internal organisasi kemitraan profesional ternyata masih Iemah terutama pada aspek kapasitas pelayanan dan keseuaian internalnya ( servicess capacity and internal compatibility ). Tetapi dari aspek struktur, komunikasi atau relasi sudah cukup memadai. Sementara itu pada faktor strategik, ternyata organisasi kemitraan profesional belum sepenuhnya memberikan otonomi yang dibutuhkan kegiatan profesional, masih terdapat tekanan yang mengganggu penyelenggaraan kegitan profesional para mitra. Belum ada sistim imbalan yang berdekatan di antara organisasi sehingga cenderung mendorong tenaga kerja berprilaku kutu loncat, ini terbukti dari jarak penggajian yang begitu besar antara organisasi yang satu dengan yang lainnya. Dan dari segi loyalitas, pada dasarnya di dalam organisasi kemitraan profesional sudah demikian baik."

"One important aspect of district public health service is the management and budgeting of drugs. Up to this time no indicates can be used yet as guidelines for evaluating drug management and budgeting effectiveness in a district in Indonesia.The objective of this study is to determine the effect of training managing drug staff on the evaluation capability increase and their knowledge.Training has been conducted [mice in 2 provinces, 4 districts ex HP IV each, catering DIMS Kesehatan, GFK, 5 PHCs per district and 300 outpatients. There are 7 groups of indicator which include a total of 29 indicators. Training involved computation of indicators of drug management and budgeting in a district.Tests were carried out before training and after the first and second training. Data were analyzed using paired t-test for the effect of training on the increase of knowledge and capability of managing drug staff in indicator computation for this evaluation of drug management and budgeting as well as linear regression for (he relation between education and walking experience of the stuff and unpaired t-test for the difference in the increase in knowledge of pharmacy assistant and non pharmacy assistant.Results from the study on 54 managing drug staff in 8 district shows that knowledge increase significantly after the first and second training, whilst the latter increase is greater than the former one and that the increase in knowledge and non pharmacy assistent exceeds that of-non pharmacy assistant."