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"ABSTRAKIn prosthodontics, mandibular bone density plays an important role in the success of treatment. Generally, the aging process will be accompanied by decreasing mandibular bone density. This is more obvious in post menopausal women with low or absent estrogen production. Relationship between mandibular bone density and bone density in other parts of the body is still debatable. The aim of this study was to evaluate this relationship. Periapical radiographs and bone densitographs of 114 post menopausal women were evaluated in a cross sectional study. The results showed a relationship between age and amount of teeth present with decreasing mandibular bone density, and a significant correlation between mandibular bone density and lumbal or femur bone density."

"Background: The aim of this study was to analyse differences in bone density and vitamin D and calcium concentrationsbetween pregnant and non-pregnant women. Methods: This was an analytical, cross-sectional study of women aged 30years or over, residing in the Puskesmas Bangkalan district. The sample population was chosen at random and included10 pregnant women in their third trimester and 10 non-pregnant women. This observational study consisted of aninterview, a blood test, and a 24-hour recall. The concentration of serum vitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured by GasChromatography and a Photometric Test measured the concentration of serum calcium. Participant’s bone density wasmeasured by bone ultra sonometer. The data was analysed using the Mann-Whitney test and assessed ultraviolet-Bexposure, bone density values, and consumption of vitamin D, calcium, energy, and protein. The Student t-test wasused to analyse serum vitamin D and calcium concentrations. Results: There were no differences between the groups’serum vitamin D concentrations (p = 0.946). However, there were significant differences between the groups’ serumcalcium concentrations (p = 0.047) and bone density values (p = 0.019). Conclusions: A high prevalence of vitamin Ddeficiency (25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L) and insufficiency (25(OH)D < 80 nmol/L) was observed in both groups. The meanserum calcium concentrations and bone density values were lower in pregnant subjects than non-pregnant subjects."

"The aim of this study was to analyse differences in bone density and vitamin D and calcium concentrationsbetween pregnant and non-pregnant women. Methods: This was an analytical, cross-sectional study of women aged 30years or over, residing in the Puskesmas Bangkalan district. The sample population was chosen at random and included10 pregnant women in their third trimester and 10 non-pregnant women. This observational study consisted of aninterview, a blood test, and a 24-hour recall. The concentration of serum vitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured by GasChromatography and a Photometric Test measured the concentration of serum calcium. Participant’s bone density wasmeasured by bone ultra sonometer. The data was analysed using the Mann-Whitney test and assessed ultraviolet-Bexposure, bone density values, and consumption of vitamin D, calcium, energy, and protein. The Student t-test wasused to analyse serum vitamin D and calcium concentrations. Results: There were no differences between the groups’serum vitamin D concentrations (p = 0.946). However, there were significant differences between the groups’ serumcalcium concentrations (p = 0.047) and bone density values (p = 0.019). Conclusions: A high prevalence of vitamin Ddeficiency (25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L) and insufficiency (25(OH)D < 80 nmol/L) was observed in both groups. The meanserum calcium concentrations and bone density values were lower in pregnant subjects than non-pregnant subjects."

"Objectives: Osteoporosis is condition where the bone becoming brittled and easily cracked or broken because of calcium deficiency. Osteoporosis can be diagnosed by Bone Mineral Density (BMD) test to know the decrease of their bone density. The objective of this study is to determine the correlation between calcium blood level and osteoporosis at Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak Jakarta Islamic Hospital Al-Fauzan in period of January 2012 – December 2014. Materials and Method: This type of research was analytical descriptive study by using cross-sectional design. The population of this study were 68 patients who had osteoporosis at Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak Al-Fauzan in period of January 2012 – December 2014 and with the proportion of 20% of samples taken in 61 patients. Results: The highest frequency distribution: age 61-70 years at 62,2%, female at 96,7%, and underweight Body Mass Index 57,4%. Conclusion: This study was using Chi Square test showed there is no correlation between calcium blood level and osteoporosis (p = 0,054)"

"Angka harapan hidup di Indonesia meningkat dan tahun-talom sebelumnya akibat meningkatnya akses dan pelayanan kesehatan. Tahun 2004, jumlah tansia telah miencapai 16,5 juta jiwa, 52,6 persen adalah perempuan dan laimnya adalah lakt-laki. Masalah kesehatan yang paling banyak dihadapi oleh lansia perempuan adalah osteoporosis. Insidens osteoporosis pada perempuan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan laki-laki. Perempuan mempunyai kecenderungan terkena osteoporosis yaitu 1 dari 3 perempuan dan wumumnya pada perempuan pascamenopause dan laki-laki insidensnya lebih kecil, yaitu 1 dari 7 laki-faki. Tujuan penelitian im untuk mengetahui waktu yang dibutuhkan pada remodeling uatuk meningkatkan densitas mineral tulang 1,5% dan 3% pada tiga Iokasi pengukuran (lumbal, femur, radius) secta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tulang pada pasien osteoporosis yang memeriksakan tulangnya di kink Makmal Terpadu Imunoendokrinologi FK UT. Penelitian ini merupakan studi /ongitudinal dalam mang lingkup ufi klinik, dengan analisis data sekunder yang memanfaatkan data yang ada pada catatan medik (Medical Record). Sampel berjamlah 52 pasien osteoporosis. Analisis data menggunakan aplikasi analisis survival mengpunakan variabel waktu (time) dan kejadian (event), dengan waktu pengamatan pasien dimulai dari Januari 2004-Desember 2007. Analisis mencakup analisis univartat, bivaniat metoda Kaplan-Meier, dan analisis multivanat dengan regresi cox ganda. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan waktu remodeling adalah stendar operating prosedur (SOP) pengobatan , dan indeks massa tubuh. Pada SOP pengobatan di klinik Makmal waktm pertumbuhan lebih cepat dan berbeda bermakna dibanding SOP poli lain pada Jeambal (event 1,5% dan 3%), dan femur (event 15%). Begitu juga pada variabel IMT, waktu pertumbuhan tulang lebih cepat pada kelompok IMT <25 bila dibandingkan pada kelompok IMT >25 pada femur pertumbuhan 1.5%. Namun berbeda pada kelompok kontrasepsi dan usta pasien yang tidak memberikan waktu remodeling yang berbeda pada kelompok tersebut pada ketiga lokasi pengukuran. Faktor penentu pettumbuhan milang adalah SOP pengobatan disampmng IMT pada /umbal dan femur pada event 1,5%. Hazard ratio SOP pada fumial adalah 3,359, artinya pasien yang mendapatkan terapi di Klinik Makmal 3,36 kali berpeluang untuk mencapai pertumbuhan tulang Jubal 1,5%. Dan hazard ratio SOP pengobatan pada femur event 1,5% adalah 2,182 artinya pasien yang mendapatkan SOP pengobatan klintk Makmal akan berpeivang 2,18 kali untuk mencapai pertumbuhan tulang fermr 1,5%. Faktor penentu pertumbuhan tulang radius adalah SOP pengobatan dan konirasepsi pada pertumbuhan 3% sesta SOP dan usia pada pertumbuhan 1,5%. Namun hasil multivariat pada tulang tangan mi tidak bermakna secara statistik.

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Life expectancy in Indonesia is increasing every year as impact of access to health services. On 2004, number of elderly people is 16.5 million, 52.6% is female. The most health problem facing by female elderly is osteoporosis that it proved by incidence of osteoporosis among female is higher than male. In fact of that one out of three female tends to have osteoporosis; meanwhile the incidence among male is one out of seven.

The objective of this study is to know the length of time for bone development in order to increase the mineral bone denstty up to 1.5 % and 3 percentages in three measurement locations (/umbal, femur, radius). The study has probed as well as the influence factors of bone growth among the osteoporosis patients who were examinated their bone at Klinik Makmal Terpadu Imunoendokrinologi FK UI. This is a longitudinal study with scope in clinical area which include the secondary data analysis form medical record data. The total sample is 52 osteoporosis patients. Analysis survival application is performed for data analysis by using variable time and event form January 2004 to December 2007. The analysis in this study is univariate, bivariate, Kaplan-Meier method, and multivariate with double regresi cox.

The factors related with time of remodeling bone are medication standard operating procedure (SOP), and body mass index (BMI). Medication SOP in Klink Makmal has faster time of remodeling bone and significant result comparing with SOP in other clinic; on fwnbal (event 1.5 % and 3%), and femur (event 1.5%). Patiens with BMI < 25 has faster time remodeling bone than patiens with BMI > 25 on femur 1.5%. Contraception group and patient’s age have not enough provided the different time of remodeling bone in those measurement.

SOP hazard ratio on /zanbal is 3.359, it means patient who receives therapy in Klinik Makmal has 3.36 times chance to have lumbal remodeling bone up to 1.5%, Meanwhile, medication SOP hazard ratio on femur event is 1.5% is 2.182, means patient who receives medication SOP in Klinik Makmal has chance 2.18 times to have femur bone development 1.5%. Radius bone are medication SOP and contraception on development 3%, and SOP and age on development 1.5%. However, multivariate result does not show statistic significant on radius bone. "

"Latar belakang dan tujuan: Masalah osteoporosis merupakan masalah dalam kesehatan masyarakat terutama di negara berkembang. Kurangnya jumlah alat DXA menyebabkan minimnya penderita yang terdiagnosis dini osteoporosis dan mendapat terapi, hingga akhirnya mengalami patah tulang. Pengukuran indeks ketebalan korteks tulang radius distal merupakan parameter sederhana, objektif, dan mudah diterapkan, menggunakan radiografi konvensional yang berguna untuk memperkirakan kepadatan massa tulang, namun perlu dibuktikan korelasinya dengan nilai T-score. Metode: Uji korelatif dengan pendekatan potong lintang pada nilai indeks ketebalan korteks radius distal menggunakan radiografi konvensional dan T-score kolum femur menggunakan DXA berdasarkan database populasi Indonesia, terhadap 38 subjek penelitian, menggunakan data primer, dalam kurun waktu Desember 2016 sampai Mei 2017. Hasil: Uji korelasi Pearson antara indeks ketebalan korteks radius distal pada lokasi 1 dan 2 dengan nilai T-score kolum femur, didapatkan nilai koefisien korelasi r=0,46 p=0,096 untuk lokasi 1 dan r=0,45 p=0,093 untuk lokasi 2. Pada kelompok jenis kelamin perempuan, didapatkan nilai r=0,53 p

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Background and objective: Osteoporosis is a problem in public health, especially in developing countries. DXA lacks of availability causing problem in osteoporosis early diagnosing and treatment until the occurance of bone fracture. Measurement of distal radius cortical thickness index using conventional radiography is a simple, objective and easy to applied methods for estimating bone density, but needs to be proven its correlation with T score.

Methods: A cross sectional correlation study between the cortical thickness index of distal radius by conventional radiography and T score of femoral neck by DXA based on population database in Indonesia, conducted in 38 subjects in the period of December 2016 to May 2017.

Result: Using the Pearson correlation test between the cortical thickness index of distal radius in two location with T score of femur column by DXA, we obtained coefficient correlation value of r 0,46 p 0,096 for location 1 dan r 0,45 p 0,093 for location 2. In the female group we obtained r 0,53 p 0,05 for location 1 and r 0,52 p 0,05 for location 2. Based on age group, r value for location 1 and 2 in 60 years age group is r 0,31 p 0,194 and r 0,32 p 179 for location 1 and 2, respectively.

Conclusion: There is a weak positive correlation between the cortical thickness index of distal radius by conventional radiography and T score of femoral neck by DXA."

"Latar Belakang: Berkurangnya kepadatan tulang dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti usia dan jenis kelamin dan memiliki pengaruh terhadap perawatan kedokteran gigi. Radiograf panoramik digital dapat menjadi salah satu cara untuk memperkirakan penurunan densitas radiografik tulang. Tujuan: Memperoleh nilai rerata densitas radiografik tulang kortikal tepi bawah mandibula pada individu pria dan wanita yang berusia 20 – 60 tahun di RSKGM FKG UI dari radiograf panoramik digital. Metode: Menggunakan studi potong lintang dengan 300 sampel radiograf panoramik digital yang terbagi menjadi 150 sampel wanita dan 150 sampel pria dan dikategorikan berdasarkan kelompok usia berjumlah 75 sampel untuk setiap kelompok usia. Rerata densitas radiografik diperoleh di region of interest tulang kortikal tepi bawah mandibula menggunakan software I-Dixel Morita. Hasil: Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan nilai rerata densitas radiografik tulang pada kelompok wanita sebesar 92,80 sedangkan pada kelompok pria sebesar 97,46. Berdasarkan kelompok usia, kelompok usia 31- 40 memiliki rerata densitas radiografik paling besar yaitu 101,99 sedangkan nilai terendah pada kelompok usia 51-60 sebesar 86,43. Kesimpulan: Rerata densitas radiografik tulang kortikal tepi bawah mandibula pada pria lebih tinggi dibandingkan wanita serta terus mengalami peningkatan dari usia 20 tahun dan mulai mengalami penurunan di usia lebih dari 40 tahun.

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Background: Reduced bone density can be influenced by several factors such as age and gender and has an influence on dental treatment. Digital panoramic radiographs can be used to estimate decreased bone density.

Objective: To obtain the radiographic mean density of cortical bone at the inferior border of the mandible in male and female aged 20-60 years at RSKGM FKG UI using digital panoramic radiographs.

Methods: A cross-sectional study with 300 digital panoramic radiograph samples divided into 150 female and 150 male samples and categorized by age group into 75 samples for each age group. The mean radiographic density was obtained in the region of interest of the cortical bone at the inferior border of the mandible using the I-Dixel Morita software.

Results: the results of statistical analysis showed that the mean radiographic bone density in the female group is 92.80 while in the male group it is 97.46. Based on the age group, the 31-40 age group had the highest mean radiographic density which is 101.99, while the lowest value was in the 51-60 age group which is 86.43.

Conclusion: The mean radiographic density of cortical bone at the inferior border of the mandible in men is higher than in women and continues to increase from the age of 20 and begins to decrease at the age of more than 40 years."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis perkembangan material implan komposit Hidroksiapatit (HA)/kolagen dengan menggunakan parameter radiografi. Sampel penelitian berupa 38 citra radiografi digital yang diperoleh dari penelitian in vivo yang telah dilakukan oleh Julia dan kawan-kawan pada tahun 2019 dengan judul “Komposit Apatit/kolagen sebagai Biokompatibel Bone Graft Material”. Citra radiografi yang diperoleh merupakan citra radiografi kelinci New-Zealand White khususnya bagian tibia yang dilubangi dan diberikan treatment. Sampel terdiri dari kelompok (1 implan, 3 implan dan kontrol). Pemeriksaan radiografi tulang tibia kelinci dilakukan pada hari ke-0 pra operasi dan pasca-operasi, hari ke-7, 14, 28, 42 dan 56. Parameter-parameter yang diamati antara lain profil, luas profil, percentage relative bone density (PRBD). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan implan HA/kolagen bersifat bioaktif, biodegradable dan bioresorbable. Analisis profil pada hari ke-56 menunjukkan ketiga kelompok masih dalam proses persembuhan. Berdasarkan luasan profil diperoleh bahwa implan mengalami degradasi. Namun, analisa PRBD memberikan informasi bahwa perkembangan kelompok 1 implan mencapai 91% dan kelompok kontrol mencapai 90% yang menunjukkan keduanya tidak berbeda signifikan. Studi radiografi dengan menggunakan profil, luas profile dan PRBD dapatdijadikan sebagai metode prediksi untuk menganalisis perkembangan implan dalam tulang

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This study was conducted to analyze the development of Hydroxyapatite (HA)/collagen composite implant material using radiographic parameters. The research samples were 38 digital radiographic images obtained from in vivo research conducted by Julia and colleagues in 2019 with the title "Apatite/collagen Composites as Biocompatible Bone Graft Materials". The radiographic image obtained is a radiographic image of the New Zealand White rabbit, especially the tibia which was perforated and given treatment. The sample consists of groups (1 implant, 3 implants, and a control). Radiographic examination of the rabbit tibia was carried out on day 0 preoperatively and postoperatively, days 7th, 14th, 28th, 42nd, and 56th. Parameters observed included profile, profile area, and percentage relative bone density (PRBD). The results showed HA/collagen composite implants are bioactive, biodegradable, and bioresorbable. Profile analysis on the 56th day showed that all three groups were still in the process of healing. Based on the profile area, it was found that the implantwas degraded. However, the PRBD  analysis provided information that the development of the 1st implant group reached 91% and the control group reached 90% which showed that the two were not significantly different. Radiographic studies using profiles, area profiles, and PRBD can be used as a predictive method for analyzing the development of bone implants"

"Bone density disorder (osteoporosis and osteopenia) is a major public health problem caused by multifactor. The purpose of this study was to find out factors related to adult bone density disorder in the selected urban and rural area, West Java Province, 2012. It used cross-sectional method and the samples were 142 respondents. The data was taken from 2012 May to June in Pesona Khayangan, Kecamatan Sukmajaya, Kota Depok as the urban area and Desa Pabuaran, Kecamatan Gunung Sindur, Kabupaten Bogor as the rural area. Prevalence of bone density disorder in this study was 31.7% (4.2% osteoporosis and 27.5% osteopenia). Multivariate analysis verified that respondent with body mass index (BMI) < 23.49 kg/m2 will 5.5 times higher to have bone density disorder than respondent with BMI > 27.36 kg/m2. Respondent with BMI 23.49 - 27.36 kg/m2 will 2.2 times higher to have bone density disorder than respondent with BMI > 27.36 kg/m2 after controlled by age, vitamin D and protein intake variable. In this study, BMI is the most related factor of bone density disorder after controlled by age, vitamin D and protein intake variable. The lower BMI, the higher risk of bone density disorder.

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Gangguan kepadatan tulang atau osteoporosis dan osteopenia merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat utama yang disebabkan oleh banyak faktor. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui berbagai faktor yang berhubungan dengan gangguan kepadatan tulang pada kelompok usia dewasa di daerah urban dan rural terpilih di Provinsi Jawa Barat tahun 2012. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah potong lintang dengan sampel 142 responden. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei Juni 2012 di Pesona Khayangan, Kecamatan Sukmajaya, Kota Depok, sebagai daerah urban dan Desa Pabuaran, Kecamatan Gunung Sindur, Kabupaten Bogor sebagai daerah rural. Prevalensi gangguan kepadatan tulang dalam penelitian ini adalah sekitar 31,7% (4,2% osteoporosis dan 27,5% osteopenia). Analisis multivariat menemukan responden yang mempunyai indeks massa tubuh (IMT) < 23,49 kg/m2 berisiko mengalami gangguan kepadatan tulang 5,5 kali lebih tinggi daripada responden dengan IMT > 27,36 kg/m2. Responden yang mempunyai IMT 23,49 - 27,36 kg/m2 berisiko mengalami gangguan kepadatan tulang 2,2 kali lebih tinggi daripada responden yang mempunyai IMT > 27,36 kg/m2 setelah dikontrol variabel usia, asupan vitamin D, dan asupan protein. Pada penelitian ini, IMT merupakan faktor yang paling berhubungan dengan gangguan kepadatan tulang setelah dikontrol variabel usia, asupan vitamin D, dan asupan protein. Semakin rendah IMT,maka semakin tinggi risiko gangguan kepadatan tulang."

"Gangguan kepadatan tulang atau osteoporosis dan osteopenia merupakanmasalah kesehatan masyarakat utama yang disebabkan oleh banyakfaktor. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui berbagai faktor yangberhubungan dengan gangguan kepadatan tulang pada kelompok usia de-wasa di daerah urban dan rural terpilih di Provinsi Jawa Barat tahun 2012.Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah potong lintang dengan sampel142 responden. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei _ Juni 2012 di PesonaKhayangan, Kecamatan Sukmajaya, Kota Depok, sebagai daerah urbandan Desa Pabuaran, Kecamatan Gunung Sindur, Kabupaten Bogor seba-gai daerah rural. Prevalensi gangguan kepadatan tulang dalam penelitianini adalah sekitar 31,7% (4,2% osteoporosis dan 27,5% osteopenia).Analisis multivariat menemukan responden yang mempunyai indeks mas-sa tubuh (IMT) < 23,49 kg/m2 berisiko mengalami gangguan kepadatan tu-lang 5,5 kali lebih tinggi daripada responden dengan IMT > 27,36 kg/m2.Responden yang mempunyai IMT 23,49 _ 27,36 kg/m2 berisiko mengalamigangguan kepadatan tulang 2,2 kali lebih tinggi daripada responden yangmempunyai IMT > 27,36 kg/m2 setelah dikontrol variabel usia, asupan vita-min D, dan asupan protein. Pada penelitian ini, IMT merupakan faktor yangpaling berhubungan dengan gangguan kepadatan tulang setelah dikontrolvariabel usia, asupan vitamin D, dan asupan protein. Semakin rendahIMT,maka semakin tinggi risiko gangguan kepadatan tulang.Bone density disorder (osteoporosis and osteopenia) is a major publichealth problem caused by multifactor. The purpose of this study was to findout factors related to adult bone density disorder in the selected urban andrural area, West Java Province, 2012. It used cross-sectional method andthe samples were 142 respondents. The data was taken from 2012 May toJune in Pesona Khayangan, Kecamatan Sukmajaya, Kota Depok as the ur-ban area and Desa Pabuaran, Kecamatan Gunung Sindur, KabupatenBogor as the rural area. Prevalence of bone density disorder in this studywas 31.7% (4.2% osteoporosis and 27.5% osteopenia). Multivariate analy-sis verified that respondent with body mass index (BMI) < 23.49 kg/m2 will5.5 times higher to have bone density disorder than respondent with BMI >27.36 kg/m2. Respondent with BMI 23.49 _ 27.36 kg/m2 will 2.2 times high-er to have bone density disorder than respondent with BMI > 27.36 kg/m2after controlled by age, vitamin D and protein intake variable. In this study,BMI is the most related factor of bone density disorder after controlled byage, vitamin D and protein intake variable. The lower BMI, the higher risk ofbone density disorder."