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"Tingginya jumlah sampah plastik menjadi masalah yang sangat krusial di Indonesia. Salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi masalah ini adalah dengan membuat alternatif material lain yang berasal dari bahan baku hayati dan mampu dimanfaatkan sebagai plastik, yaitu bioplastik. Bioplastik merupakan plastik yang terbuat dari material biologis atau dapat berupa plastik yang lebih mudah didegradasi oleh mikroorganisme. Telah banyak penelitian mengenai bioplastik berbasis pati kulit pisang yang telah dilakukan. Akan tetapi, hasil dari sebagian besar penelitian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa bioplastik berbasis pati kulit pisang memiliki sifat fisik dan mekanik yang kurang baik. Pada penelitian ini, bioplastik berbasis pati kulit pisang diproduksi dengan variasi rasio bahan penguat berupa serat alami dari daun nanas dan lempung untuk meningkatkan sifat fisik dan mekaniknya. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, digunakan komposisi serat daun nanas terhadap total bahan penguat sebesar 5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20% dengan adanya kontrol positif dan negatif. Karakteristik bioplastik seperti kuat tarik (tensile strength), pemanjangan saat putus (elongation at break), biodegradabilitas, daya serap air, sifat morfologi permukaan, serta interaksi antar bahan telah diamati dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan pengaruh serat daun nanas terhadap karakteristik bioplastik adalah meningkatkan kuat tarik dan kemampuan degradasi, tetapi menurunkan nilai elongasi. Sementara itu, pengaruh lempung adalah meningkatkan ketahanan air. Berdasarkan karakterisasi yang telah dilakukan, komposisi bioplastik terbaik adalah sampel BCS4 dengan komposisi serat daun nanas terhadap total bahan penguat sebesar 20% yang memiliki nilai kuat tarik sebesar 6,52 MPa, nilai elongasi sebesar 13,44%, daya serap sebesar 126,09%, waktu degradasi selama 8 hari. Potensi pemanfaatan bioplastik berbasis pati kulit pisang dengan bahan penguat lempung dan serat daun nanas ini adalah sebagai kemasan polybag tanaman yang dapat ditanam langsung bersama bibit tanaman.

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The high amount of plastic waste is a very crucial problem in Indonesia. Based on data from the Sistem Informasi Pengelolaan Sampah Nasional, the annual amount of waste in Indonesia in 2020 was 32 million tons, a rapid increase from previous years due to the COVID-19 pandemic. One effort to overcome this problem is to make alternative materials derived from biological raw materials and can be used as plastics, namely bioplastics. Bioplastics are plastics made from biological materials or can be plastics that are more easily degraded by microorganisms. Many studies on banana peel starch-based bioplastics have been conducted. However, the results of most of these studies show that banana peel starch-based bioplastics have poor physical and mechanical properties. In this study, banana peel starch-based bioplastics were produced with variations in the ratio of reinforcements in the form of natural fibers from pineapple leaves and clay to improve their physical and mechanical properties. To achieve this goal, the composition of pineapple leaf fiber is used for the total reinforcing material of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% with positive and negative controls. Bioplastic characteristics such as tensile strength, elongation at break, biodegradability, water absorption, surface morphological properties, and interactions between materials have been observed in this study. The results of this study show the effect of pineapple leaf fiber on bioplastic characteristics is to increase tensile strength and degradation ability but decrease the elongation at break value. Meanwhile, the effect of clay is to increase water resistance. Based on the characterization that has been done, the best bioplastic composition is BCS4 samples with pineapple leaf fiber composition against a total reinforcing material of 20% which has a tensile strength value of 6,52 MPa, elongation value of 13,44%, absorption capacity of 126,09%, degradation time for 8 days. The potential use of banana peel starch-based bioplastics with clay reinforcement materials and pineapple leaf fiber is as a plant polybag packaging that can be planted directly with plant seeds."

"Polyhydroxyalkanoate(PHA) is one of the alternatively biodegradable plastics which can besynthesized from a particular micro-organism after the fermentation process,considering the optimization of nutrients. In this research, the yeaststrain Rhodotorula graminis TISTR 5124 was selected to be fermented with a carbonsource in the standard nutrient in order to conduct a preliminarily study on thebest conditions for thisyeast in PHA production. The growth rate curve of yeast in the composition of imbalancednutrients, i.e. the limitationof phosphorus and nitrogen, was also investigated and compared with another sample cultured in standard nutrients. Experimental results indicated that thecondition that gave the maximum growth rate of this yeast strain was aP-limited condition at 81 hours, whereby the cell number of 3.1×109cells/mL wasobtained and corresponded to the optical density (OD) of 0.95 measured at awavelength of 600 nm. The synthesized PHA extracted from yeast cells after 81hours of incubation was examined by Fouriertransform infra-red (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. The results indicated stretchingvibrations similar to the copolymer PHBV (or a PHA derivative). Maximum PHA content of 54.4% wasfound in the P-limited condition which correspondedto a PHA yield of 65.1 (g/g-total sugar consumed) in which the yeast consumed the least glucose amount of 3.2 g/L, butgrew the most rapidly. Rhodotorulagraminis TISTR 5124 is therefore promising as a good candidate for alternativelybiodegradable plastics, considering the potential to produce PHA and its derivatives. This process can be beneficial as an option to replace conventional plastics inthe future."

"Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is one of the alternatively biodegradable plastics which can be synthesized from a particular micro-organism after the fermentation process, considering the optimization of nutrients. In this research, the yeast strain Rhodotorula graminis TISTR 5124 was selected to be fermented with a carbon source in the standard nutrient in order to conduct a preliminarily study on the best conditions for this yeast in PHA production. The growth rate curve of yeast in the composition of imbalanced nutrients, i.e. the limitation of phosphorus and nitrogen, was also investigated and compared with another sample cultured in standard nutrients. Experimental results indicated that the condition that gave the maximum growth rate of this yeast strain was a P-limited condition at 81 hours, whereby the cell number of 3.1×109cells/mL was obtained and corresponded to the optical density (OD) of 0.95 measured at a wavelength of 600 nm. The synthesized PHA extracted from yeast cells after 81 hours of incubation was examined by Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. The results indicated stretching vibrations similar to the copolymer PHBV (or a PHA derivative). Maximum PHA content of 54.4% was found in the P-limited condition which corresponded to a PHA yield of 65.1 (g/g-total sugar consumed) in which the yeast consumed the least glucose amount of 3.2 g/L, but grew the most rapidly. Rhodotorula graminis TISTR 5124 is therefore promising as a good candidate for alternatively biodegradable plastics, considering the potential to produce PHA and its derivatives. This process can be beneficial as an option to replace conventional plastics in the future."

"Peningkatan penggunaan plastik konvensional nondegradabel menyebabkan permasalahan lingkungan dan kesehatan. Pengembangan plastik degradable atau bioplastik menjadi salah satu alternatif penyelesaian masalah tersebut. Selulosa merupakan salah satu bahan bioplastik yang dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti plastik konvensional nondegradable. Namun, penggunaan selulosa sebagai bioplastik memerlukan peningkatan sifat mekaniknya. Pada penelitian ini, memodifikasi film selulosa dengan PVA melalui metode blending yang ditambahkan glutaraldehid sebagai crosslinker dan filler ZnO sebagai penguat untuk meningkatkan sifat mekanik bioplastik. Optimasi sintesis selulosa/PVA dilakukan dengan variasi konsentrasi glutaraldehid sebesar 0%, 30%, 46% dan 56 % (b/b) serta ZnO sebesar 0%, 0,5%, 0,9% dan 1,3% (b/b). Film bioplastik juga ditambahkan minyak kayu manis sebagai antimikroba dan antioksidan. Hasil sintesis bioplastik dikarakterisasi dengan SEM, XRD, FTIR dan TGA serta dianalisa sifat mekanik, ketebalan, swelling, kelarutan, biodegrababilitas, aktivitas anti mikroba dan antioksidan. Berdasarkan data penelitian, diperoleh modifikasi film selulosa/PVA-crosslinked glutaraldehid dan penambahan filler ZnO dapat meningkatkan sifat fisik dan mekanik film bioplastik , dengan konsentrasi optimum variasi glutaraldehid pada 56% dan ZnO pada 1,3% dengan nilai tensile strength masing-masing sebesar 9,75 MPa dan 9,37 MPa. Adanya penambahan minyak kayu manis juga meningkatkan mutu bioplastik sehingga dihasilkan bioplastik yang bersifat antioksidan dan antimikroba.

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The increasing use of non-degradable conventional plastics have caused environmental and health problems. The development of degradable plastics or bioplastics is an alternative solution to this problem. Cellulose is one of bio-based plastic material, commonly known as bioplastic that can be used as a substite for conventional non-degradable plastics. However, the use of cellulose as a bioplastic requires improvement in its mechanical properties. In this study, cellulose/PVA was modified with glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker and reinforced by ZnO as a filler in order to improve bioplastic mechanical properties. Optimization of cellulose / PVA synthesis was carried out with variations in glutaraldehyde concentrations which were 0%, 30%, 46% and 56% (w / w) and ZnO of 0%, 0.5%, 0.9% and 1.3% (w / w). The bioplastic film was also added with cinnamon oil as an antimicrobial and antioxidant agent. The results of bioplastic film synthesis were evaluated for SEM, XRD, FTIR and TGA and were analyzed for their mechanical properties, thickness, swelling, solubility, biodegradability, anti-microbial and antioxidant activity. Based on the research data, Modified crosslinked Cellulose/PVA with glutaraldehyde and reinforced with ZnO improved the physical and mechanical properties of the bioplastic film, with the optimum concentration of variations of glutaraldehyde of 20% and ZnO aof 1.3%. The addition of cinnamon oil also increased bioplastic properties which had antioxidant and antimicrobial bioactivity."

"ABSTRAKPenumpukan sampah plastik terjadi karena penguraian plastik yang membutuhkan waktu hingga ratusan bahkan ribuan tahun. Bioplastik merupakan plastik atau polimer yang dapat dengan mudah terdegradasi secara alami. Pati merupakan bahan baku yang paling sering digunakan dalam pembuatan bioplastik karena sifatnya yang murah, dapat diperbarui, dan biodegradable. Namun, film berbahan dasar pati menunjukkan sifat mekanik dan daya tahan air yang buruk. Untuk mengatasi kelemahan tersebut, pati dapat dikombinasikan dengan material sintetis maupun alami. Nanoselulosa merupakan nanomaterial alami yang berasal dari selulosa dengan keunggulan berupa kuat tarik yang tinggi, kristalinitas yang tinggi, dan luas permukaan yang tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi nanoselulosa, temperatur gelatinisasi, dan pH gelatinisasi terhadap karakteristik bioplastik dan untuk mendapatkan formulasi terbaik dalam pembuatan bioplastik yang sesuai dengan standar kantong plastik. Pati yang digunakan berasal dari tepung tapioka komersial. Nanoselulosa diisolasi dari ampas tebu melalui proses dewaxing menggunakan pelarut benzena-metanol (2:1); bleaching menggunakan NaClO2 1 wt% pada suhu 80 oC selama 3 jam; penghilangan hemiselulosa menggunakan NaOH 17,5% pada suhu ruang selama 2 jam; hidrolisis asam menggunakan HCl 4 M pada suhu 80 oC selama 2 jam; dan ultrasonikasi selama 5 menit. Berdasarkan karakterisasi FTIR dan XRD, metode isolasi nanoselulosa yang dilakukan menghasilkan nanoselulosa dengan tingkat kristalinitas 27,3% dan ukuran kristal 161,424 nm. Sintesis biokomposit dilakukan dengan mencampurkan pati, nanoselulosa, akuades, dan plasticizer gliserol sebanyak 25% b/b. Konsentrasi nanoselulosa divariasikan dengan nilai 0, 1, 3, 5, 10, dan 15% b/b. Berdasarkan karakterisasi awal didapatkan nilai optimal kadar nanoselulosa adalah sebesar 10% b/b dan selanjutnya dijadikan basis dalam penelitian ini. Variasi temperatur terdiri atas 4 tingkatan, yaitu 75, 80, 85, dan 90 oC, sementara itu variasi pH terdiri atas 4 tingkatan, yaitu 4, 3, 2, dan 1, sehingga terdapat 16 unit percobaan. Karakterisasi biokomposit dilakukan dengan pengujian kekuatan mekanik berupa kuat tarik dan elongasi, uji daya serap air, serta uji biodegradabilitas dengan melakukan penguburan material pada tanah (soil burial test). Hasil terbaik diperoleh pada variasi temperatur 75 oC dan pH 3 dengan nilai kuat tarik sebesar 23 kgf/cm2, elongasi sebesar 6,67%, daya serap air sebesar 98%, dan dapat terdegradasi hingga 93,16% dalam waktu 10 hari.

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ABSTRACTAccumulation of plastic waste occurs because it can take hundreds, or even thousands of years to fully decompose. Bioplastics are plastics or polymers that can be easily degraded. Starch is the most common feedstock used to make bioplastic due to its inexpensive, renewable, and biodegradable properties. However, starch-based film exhibits poor mechanical properties and poor water barrier properties. In order to overcome these drawbacks, starch can be mixed with various synthetic and natural materials. Nanocellulose is a natural nanomaterial derived from cellulose consists of attractive properties, such as high tensile strength, high crystallinity, and high surface area. The aim of this research was to study the effect of nanocellulose concentrations, temperature of gelatinization, and pH of gelatinization on the bioplastic characteristics and to obtain the best formulation in making a good quality bioplastic according to the standards of plastic bag. The starch used obtained from commercial tapioca flour. Nanocellulose was isolated from sugarcane bagasse through a dewaxing process using benzene-methanol (2:1); bleaching using NaClO­2 1 wt% at 80 oC for 3 hours; hemicellulose removal using NaOH 17.5% at room temperature for 2 hours, acid hydrolysis using HCl 4 M at 80 oC for 2 hours; and continued with ultrasonication for 5 minutes. Based on FTIR and XRD characterizations, the nanocellulose isolation method produced nanocellulose with a crystallinity level of 27.3% and a crystal size of 161.424 nm. The synthesis of biocomposite is carried out by mixing starch, nanocellulose, distilled water, and glycerol as much as 25% w/w. The nanocellulose concentration was varied with values of 0, 1, 3, 5, 10, and 15% w/w. Based on the initial characterization, the optimal value of nanocellulose concentration was 10% w/w and to be used as the basis for this research. Gelatinization temperature consisting of 4 levels, there are 75, 80, 85, and 90 oC, while gelatinization pH consisting of 4 levels, there are 4, 3, 2, and 1, so that there are 16 experimental units. Biocomposite characterization was carried out by mechanical tests consisting of tensile strength and elongation at break, water absorption test, and soil burial test to determine biocomposite biodegradability. The result show that the gelatinization temperature of 75 oC at pH 3 produces the best characteristic of starch-nanocellulose biocomposite with tensile strength of 23 kgf/cm2, elongation at break of 6.67%, water absorption of 98%, and can be degraded up to 93,16% within 10 days."

"Bioplastics, easily degraded plastics made from renewable biopolymers such as starch and protein, are being studied as possible substitute for synthetic plastics. One of Indonesian natural resources, Jicama (Pachyrizous erosus), also known as yam bean, is believed to have the potential to be made as bioplastics. This study aims to develop starch-based biofilms made from Jicama. The films were fabricated by using the solution casting method, with varying contents of water (67–93 wt%) and sodium hydroxide (0.3–0.7 g). Examinations were carried out by means of visual inspection, tensile test, scanning electron microscopy and FTIR spectroscopy. A continuous bioplastic film was successfully made with 93 wt.% water. The addition of water increased film formability. Sodium hydroxide improved the film formability but, also, induced fragility. The highest tensile strength and stiffness of 11.5 MPa and 0.98 GPa, respectively were achieved from the film prepared with 93 wt% water. These values are comparable to LDPE but with a lower ductility."

"Limbah plastik merupakan salah satu masalah lingkungan terbesar saat ini. Ini dikarenakan oleh penggunaan plastik konvensional yang berasal dari polimer sintetis yang sulit diuraikan oleh pengurai. Bioplastik menjadi salah satu solusi masalah ini. Pati merupakan polimer alami yang dapat digunakan untuk produksi bioplastik karena sumbernya melimpah, dapat diperbaharui, mudah terdegradasi, dan harga terjangkau. Namun, pati mempunyai kelemahan, yaitu sifat mekanik yang buruk. Partikel penguat telah terbukti dapat memperbaiki kelemahan pati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi terbaik ZnO dan selulosa sebagai penguat pada matriks pati. Pembuatan bioplastik dilakukan dengan metode melt intercalation, yaitu pencampuran pati ubi jalar, gliserol, ZnO/selulosa. Penambahan konsentrasi ZnO 0, 1, 3, 6, 9% wt dan penambahan konsentrasi selulosa 0, 1, 3, 6, 9% wt berturut-turut menyebabkan peningkatan kuat tarik dari 12,812 kgf/cm2 menjadi 64,187 kgf/cm2 dan 12,812 kgf/cm2 menjadi 59,740 kgf/cm2, serta penurunan elongasi dari 43% menjadi 6% dan 43% menjadi 6,667%. Sedangkan kombinasi selulosa dan ZnO menyebabkan nilai kuat tarik dibawah 64,187 kgf/cm2. Penambahan ZnO dan selulosa juga terbukti mempengaruhi hasil FT-IR, XRD, dan SEM bioplastik. Hasil WVTR bioplastik dengan penguat 9% wt selulosa adalah 10,097 g/m2.jam. Selain itu, tingkat biodegradabilitas bioplastik dengan penguat alami selulosa mempunyai hasil lebih baik dibandingkan dengan penguat logam ZnO.

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Nowadays, plastic waste is the biggest environmental issues. Since the usage of conventional plastic which come from synthesis polymer that can not be decomposed by decomposers. One of the solutions is bioplastic. Starch is natural polymer that used to produce bioplastic because it is abundant, reneweble, degradable, and affordable resources. However, starch has some weakness such as poor mechanical properties. Reinforcement is proven to enhance that weaknesses.

This research objective is to obtain the best ZnO and cellulose concentration as reinforcement for starch matrix. Bioplastic synthesis made with melt intercalation method, which is blending from sweetpotato strach, glycerol, ZnO/cellulose. The addition of ZnO concentration 0, 1, 3, 6, 9 wt% and cellulose concentrarion 0, 1, 3, 6, 9 wt%, respectively will cause increasing in tensile strength from 12.812 kgf/cm2 become 64.187 kgf/cm2 and 12.812 kgf/cm2 become 59.740 kgf/cm2, decreasing in elongation from 43% become 6% and 43% become 6.667%. While the combination of cellulose and ZnO causes tensile strength values below 64.187 kgf/cm2. It is also proven by the addition of ZnO and cellulose affect the result of bioplastic FT-IR, XRD, and SEM.

The result of bioplastic WVTR with 9 wt% cellulose reonforcement is 10.097 g/m2.jam. Moreover, the level of bioplastic biodegradability with celluloce natural reinforcement is better than ZnO metal reinforcement."

"Bioplastik berbahan dasar pati dan serat alam yang dihasilkan dari penelitian-penelitian terdahulu masih berlum mampu menyamai kualitas plastik konvensional terutama dalam hal kekuatan mekanis, ketahanan terhadap air serta stabilitas termalnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas bioplastik melalui teknik praperlakuan serat, modifikasi nanofiller dan penggunaan filler hibrid. Bahan baku utama yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu pati jagung sebagai matriks, serat batang pisang dan selulosa bakteri sebagai filler dan gliserol sebagai plasticizer. Serat batang pisang diberi praperlakuan meliputi metode alkalinasi, bleaching dan enzimatis. Kemudian serat batang pisang yang telah diberi praperlakuan optimum dan selulosa bakteri akan dipreparasi melalui teknik hidrolisis menjadi nanoselulosa. Nanoselulosa serat dan bakteri inilah yang akan digunakan sebagai filler hibrid dalam bioplastik. Bioplastik yang dihasilkan akan dikarakterisasi sifat mekanisnya, laju transmisi uap air, stabilitas termal, dan biodegradabilitasnya. Struktur dari bioplastik dikonfirmasi dengan analisis FESEM, FTIR dan XRD. Praperlakuan serat dan penggunaan nanofiller terbukti mampu meningkatkan karakteristik mekanis dari bioplastik yang dihasilkan dengan persentase nanofiller optimum adalah 15% dari massa pati. Komposisi filler hibrid dengan nilai kuat tarik tertinggi dimiliki oleh bioplastik dengan rasio nanoselulosa bakteri terhadap nanoselulosa serat 50:50 sebesar 1,73 MPa dan untuk modulus Young tertinggi dimiliki bioplastik dengan rasio nanoselulosa bakteri terhadap nanoselulosa serat 25:75 sebesar 60,19 MPa. Penggunaan filler hibrid tidak menghasilkan peningkatan karakteristik mekanis bioplastik tetapi meningkatkan ketahanan terhadap air dan stabilitas termal bioplastik. Ketahanan terhadap air terbaik dimiliki oleh bioplastik dengan filler sebanyak 15% dengan rasio nanoselulosa serat terhadap nanoselulosa bakteri 25:75 yakni laju transmisi uap air sebesar 632 g/m2 per 24 jam. Stabilitas termal terbaik dimiliki oleh bioplastik dengan filler sebanyak 15% dengan rasio nanoselulosa bakteri terhadap nanoselulosa serat 25:75 yakni temperatur trasisi gelas 39,75 °C dan kapasitas panas 0,242 J/g°C. Berdasarikan soil burial test selama 9 hari, diperoleh bahwa bioplastik degan tingkat biodegradasi tertinggi dimiliki oleh pati jagung tanpa filler sebesar 25,76% dan biodegradasi terendah oleh bioplastik dengan filler 15% nanoselulosa bakteri sebesar 18,88%. Soil burial test dilakukan pada kelembaban 66% dan temperatur 26-28 °C.

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Bioplastic based on starch and natural fibre resulted from previous reserachs have not had the same quality as conventional plastic especially in mechanical strength, water absorption resistance, and thermal stability. The objective of this reasearch is to improve the wuality of bioplastic resulted from previous researchs through fibre pretreatment techniques, nanofiller modification, and hybrid filler utilization. The main raw materials that are used in this research are corn starch as matrix, banana pseudostem fibre and bacterial cellulose as filler, and glycerol as plasticizer. Banana pseudostem fibre is treated by alkalinization, bleaching and enzymatic method. Then optimum treated banana pseudostem and bacterial cellulose will be prepared through hydrolysis technique into nanocellulose. These fibre and bacterial nanocellulose will be used as hybrid filler in bioplastic. Bioplastic’s mechanical characteristic, water vapour transmission rate, thermal stability and biodegradability will be characterized. Bioplastic’s structure will be confirmed by FESEM, FTIR, and XRD analysis. Utilization of nanofiller dan fibre pretreatment can improve mechanical characteristic of bioplastic. Nanofiller percentage that resulted in the best mechanical characteristic is 15% from starch mass content. Hybridfiller composition that results in highest tensile strength is obtained by bioplastic with bacterial nanocellulose to fibre nanocellulose ratio 50:50 with value 1,73 MPa and the highest modulus Young is obtained by bioplastic with bacterial nanocellulose to fibre nanocellulose ratio 25:75 with value 60,19 MPa. The best water absorption resistance is obtained by bioplastic with fibre nanocellulose to bacterial nanocellulose ratio 25:75 with water vapour transmission rate value 632 g/m2 per 24 hours. The highest thermal stability is obtained by bioplastic with bacterial nanocellulose to fibre nanocellulose ratio 25:75 with glass transition temperature value 39,758°C and heat capacity 0,242 J/g0C. Based on soil burial test for 9 days, the highest biodegradation rate is obtained by corn starch without filler 25,76% and the lowest by bioplastic with 15% bacterial nanocellulose 18,88%. Soil burial test is done in 66% humidity and temperature 26-28°C."

"Bioplastik merupakan plastik yang terbuat dari bahan terbarukan dan dapat terurai dengan cepat. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan kulit jagung sebagai penguat bahan pembuat bioplastik. Pembuatan bioplastik menggunakan maizena dengan penguat kulit jagung dilakukan penambahan kitosan dan sorbirol untuk mendapatkan bioplastik dengan sifat mekanik yang baik. Ukuran butiran kulit jagung yang digunakan adalah 150 mesh dan 200 mesh sedangkan variasi kitosan yang digunkan adalah 0.02 wt; 0,04 wt; 0,06 wt; 0,08 wt dan 0,1 wt. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bioplastik dengan ukuran butiran kulit jagung 150 mesh dengan variasi kitosan 0,04 menghasilkan sifat mekanik yang paling baik, yaitu dengan nilai kuat tarik 1.717,64 N/cm2, elongasi 10,05 , modulus young 116,68 N/cm2 dan kuat sobek 763,86 mN. Pengaruh lingkungan menyebabkan bioplastik mengalami degradasi di dalam tanah 70 -100 selama 21 hari, pada udara terbuka terjadi jamur setelah 14 hari dan tahan pada 140o C selama 1 jam.

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Bioplastic is a plastic made from renewable material and can decompose quickly. In this research used corn husk as filler bioplastic ingredients. Making bioplastic is done by adding corn starch maizene with corn husk as filler, chitosan and sorbitol to obtain bioplastic with good mechanical properties. Corn husk grain size were used 150 mesh and 200 mesh while chitosan variations were used 0.02 wt 0.04 wt 0.06 wt 0.08 wt and 0.1 wt.

The results of this research showed that bioplastic with 150 mesh corn husk grain size with 0.04 wt chitosan yielded the best mechanical properties, it is with tensile strength value 1,717.64 N cm2, elongation 10.05 , modulus young 116.68 N cm2 and tear strength 763.86 mN. Environment influence made bioplastics degraded in soil 70 100 for 21 days, in open air fungus occured after 14 days and endured at 140oC for 1 hour."

"Kebutuhan akan media pengemas makanan yang semakin meningkat seiring dengan era disrupsi teknologi, selaras dengan meningkatnya tindakan pencemaran lingkungan yang terbilang tidak terkendali. Salah satu solusinya adalah menggunakan bioplastik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pati kulit pisang tanduk dan cavendish sebagai bahan baku utama pembuatan bioplastik. Pati terlebih dahulu diekstrak dari kulit pisang tanduk dan cavendish, lalu dicampur dengan zat aditif lainnya seperti gliserol dan sorbitol yang bertindak sebagai pemlastis. Penelitian ini dilakukan bermula dari permasalahan terkait pemberian pemlastis gliserol dan sorbitol serta pemanfaatan pati dengan kadar tertentu agar didapatkan formulasi terbaik dalam meningkatkan sifat fisik dan mekanik bioplastik. Pencampuran antara kedua pemlastis tersebut dilakukan dengan rasio konsentrasi 2:1 (v/v) serta perlakuan yang sama dalam mengekstraksi pati dari kulit pisang. Besar konsentrasi pemlastis yang digunakan sebesar 35% (v/v) dan 70% (v/v) sebanyak 2 ml, serta komposisi massa pati sebesar 3 gram. Hasil uji kadar pati dengan metode Luff Schoorl menunjukkan kadar pati kulit pisang tanduk lebih besar 3% dibandingkan pati kulit pisang cavendish pada usia yang diperkirakan serupa berdasarkan warna kulitnya. Dari uji FTIR ditunjukkan bahwa tiap sampel memiliki gugus fungsi yang terbilang cukup serupa satu sama lain. Sifat fisik diukur dengan beberapa parameter yang saling berkaitan satu sama lain, antara lain ketebalan, daya serap terhadap air, serta biodegradabilitas, dimana sifat fisik terbaik dimiliki oleh sampel S70C. Meskipun hasil ketebalan tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan, namun sifat daya serap air menunjukkan sampel S70C serta S70T adalah yang paling rendah, serta biodegradabilitas sampel S70C merupakan yang paling baik, dinilai dari konsistensi kehilangan massanya saat dilalui proses penguburan dalam tanah kompos. Sifat mekanik diukur dengan parameter kekuatan tarik dan elongasi saat putus, dimana nilai kuat tarik terendah pada sampel S35T (0,09 N/mm2) serta yang tertinggi pada sampel S35C (0,23 N/mm2), diikuti oleh S70T (0,21 N/mm2) dan S70C (0,19 N/mm2). Persen elongasi tertinggi pada sampel S70C sebesar 12,83% dan terendah pada S35T sebesar 6,99%. Hasil uji SEM menunjukkan adanya tekstur yang halus hingga sama sekali kasar atau kurangnya kemerataan bahan pembentuk sampel

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The need for food packaging media is increasing along with the era of technological disruption, in line with the increasing acts of environmental pollution that are fairly uncontrolled. One solution is to use bioplastics. This study used banana peel starch and cavendish as the main raw materials for making bioplastics. Starch is first extracted from tanduk and cavendish banana peel, then mixed with other additives such as glycerol and sorbitol which act as a plasticizer. This research was conducted starting from problems related to the provision of glycerol and sorbitol plasticizers as well as the use of starch with certain levels in order to obtain the best formulation in improving the physical and mechanical properties of bioplastics. The mixing between the two plasticizers was carried out with a concentration ratio of 2:1 (v/v) as well as the same treatment in extracting starch from banana peels. The concentration of plasticizer used was 35% (v/v) and 70% (v/v) of 2 ml, as well as a starch mass composition of 3 grams. The results of the starch content test with the Luff Schoorl method showed that the starch content of the tanduk banana peel was 3% greater than that of cavendish banana peel starch at a similar age based on the skin color. From the FTIR test, it is shown that each sample has functional groups that are quite similar to each other. Physical properties are measured by several parameters that are interrelated with each other, including thickness, absorption of water, and biodegradability, where the best physical properties are possessed by the S70C sample. Although the thickness results did not show a significant difference, the nature of water absorption showed that S70C and S70T samples were the lowest, and the biodegradability of S70C samples was the best, judged by the consistency of losing mass when going through the burial process in compost soils. Mechanical properties are measured by the parameters of tensile strength and elongation at break, where the lowest tensile strength value in the S35T sample (0,09 N/mm2) and the highest in the S35C sample (0,23 N/mm2), followed by S70T (0,21 N/mm2) and S70C (0,19 N/mm2). Percent of elongation was highest in the S70C sample at 12,83% and lowest in the S35T at 6,99%. SEM test results show the presence of a smooth to completely rough texture or lack of evenness of the sample forming material."