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Ditemukan 17 dokumen yang sesuai dengan query
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Muhammad Rizky Pradana
"Kebutuhan akan pemanfaatan EBT semakin meningkat dalam rangka mengurangi emisi fosil yang menyebabkan kenaikan suhu lingkungan secara signifikan. Salah satu potensi EBT yang dapat dikembangkan di Indonesia adalah EBT berbasis biomassa. Pemanfaatan biomassa hanya menyumbang 10% dari bauran EBT di Indonesia. Laboratorium Gasifikasi Universitas Indonesia memiliki alat Biomass Gasifier dengan kapasitas 10 kW listrik. Teknologi gasifikasi menggunakan jenis downdraft yang cocok digunakan untuk skala kecil. Alat tersebut dapat digunakan untuk langsung mengkonversi sekam mentah menjadi energi listrik maupun panas, namun belum diketahui kemampuan alat ini untuk bahan bakar lainnya. Sehingga penelitian ini berfokus untuk mengetahui mengetahui bahan bakar yang paling ekonomis sebagai bahan bakar. Parameter keekonomian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan parameter LCOE, NPV, IRR, PBP, dan BCR. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa biomassa ampas tebu memiliki keekonomian paling tinggi, dengan potensi energi listrik sebesar 18,50 kW memiliki nilai LCOE sebesar Rp 1.265,99/kWh dengan NPV positif, IRR 12,8%, PBP selama 5,48 tahun dan BCR 1,11. Berdasarkan analisa sensitivitas, parameter harga bahan bakar biomassa merupakan paling berpengaruh terhadap perubahan nilai LCOE sehingga pemilihan harga biomassa menjadi faktor utama yang mempengaruhi nilai keekonomian biomass gasifier.

The demand for the utilization of renewable energy sources is increasing to reduce fossil fuel emissions, which contribute significantly to environmental temperature rise. Biomass-based renewable energy technology holds great potential for development in Indonesia. However, biomass utilization currently accounts for only 10% of the overall renewable energy mix in the country. The Gasification Laboratory at the University of Indonesia has developed the Biomass Gasifier, a downdraft gasification technology suitable for small-scale applications, with an electrical capacity of 10 kW. This tool can directly convert raw rice husks into electrical energy and heat, but its performance with other fuel sources remains unknown. Therefore, this research aims to identify the most economically viable fuel source for the Biomass Gasifier. Economic parameters, such as Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE), Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback Period (PBP), and Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR), are employed to analyze the economic feasibility of different fuel options. The calculation results show that bagasse biomass has the highest economic potential, with a potential of 18.50 kW of electrical energy having an LCOE value of IDR 1,265.99/kWh with a positive NPV, IRR of 12.8%, PBP for 5.48 years and BCR 1,11. Based on the sensitivity analysis, the parameter of the price of biomass fuel has the most influence on changes in the value of LCOE so that the selection of the price of biomass is the main factor affecting the economic value of the biomass gasifier."
Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2023
T-pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Shaharin A. Sulaiman
"Currently the world’s second largest palm oil producer Malaysia produces a large amount of oil palm biomass each year. Although some oil palm parts and derivatives like empty fruit bunch and fibre have been commercialized as fuel, less attention has been given to oil palm fronds (OPF). Initial feasibility and characterization studies of OPF showed that it is highly feasible as fuel for gasification to produce high value gaseous fuel or syngas. This paper discusses the experimental gasification attempt carried out on OPF using a 50 kW lab scale downdraft gasifier and its results. The conducted study focused on the temperature distributions within the reactor and the characteristics of the dynamic temperature profile for each temperature zones during operation. An average pyrolysis zone temperature of 324oC and an average oxidation zone temperature of 796oC were obtained over a total gasification period of 74 minutes. A maximum oxidation zone temperature of 952oC was obtained at 486 lpm inlet air flow rate and 10 kg/hr feedstock consumption rate. Stable bluish flare was produced for more than 70% of the total gasification time. Similar temperature profile was obtained comparing the results from OPF gasification with that of woody biomass. Furthermore, the successful ignition of the syngas produced from OPF gasification ascertained that OPF indeed has a higher potential as gasification feedstock. Hence, more detailed studies need to be done for better understanding in exploiting the biomass as a high prospect alternative energy solution. In addition, a study of the effect of initial moisture content of OPF feedstock on the temperature distribution profile along the gasifier bed showed that initial moisture content of feedstock in the range of 15% gives a satisfactory result, while experiments with feedstock having higher moisture content resulted in lower zone temperature values."
Depok: Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, 2012
UI-IJTECH 3:1 (2012)
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Alfien Muhammad
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Indonesia sebagai negeri agraris mayoritasnya menggunakan padi sebagai makanan pokok. Selain menjadi bahan makanan, padi juga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai energi terbarukan salah satunya dengan menggunakan teknologi gasifikasi. Salah satu keuntungan teknologi ini adalah fleksibilitas produk syngas yang dapat dimanfaatkan langsung atau digabungkan dengan pembangkit listrik. Namun masih ada kendala besar sebelum dapat memanfaatkan syngas ini yaitu adanya tar yang tidak diinginkan. Sebelum dapat dimanfaatkan seperti masuk kedalam motor pembakaran dalam (Internal Combustion Engine ) tar perlu dikurangi kadarnya dengan beberapa metode, salah satunya adalah metode sekunder yaitu kondensasi. Metode ini dapat memisahkan tar dengan syngas berdasarkan titik embun tar. Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan analisis senyawa tar yang terkondensasi dengan menggunakan aplikasi Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) Ansys Fluent 19.2 dengan menggunakan laju aliran 0,002 m3/s yang didapatkan dari hasil penelitian sebelumnya dan variable waktu pengambilan data dari rentan waktu 10 sampai 25 menit, 30 sampai 45 menit, 40 sampai 65 menit, dan 70 sampai 85 menit. Efisiensi pengurangan tar juga diteliti pada tiap-tiap variable tersebut dan dilihat karakteristiknya pada kondenser. Pengurangan tar tertinggi terjadi pada rentan waktu 70-85 menit, yaitu efisiensi pengurangan tar 64,46%.

 


Indonesia as an agrarian country whose majority use rice as the main food. Besides food, rice could become a renewable energy resource by using gasification technology. One of the advantages of gasification technology is the flexibility of the producer gas so-called syngas. It could use in direct combustion and or coupled using the Internal Combustion Engine (IC Engine) for electricity. The biggest problem before it can be used is the presence of tar. Before it enters the IC Engine, it has to be removed using some methods, one of them is condensation. This method can separate tar with syngas based on tar dew point. In this study, the compounds of tars that condensed will be analysed using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) Ansys Fluent 19.2 application with 0,002 m3/s from previous study and variable time with range 10-25 minute, 30-45 minute, 40-65 minute, dan 70-85 minute. Tar reduction efficiency was also examined in each of these time variables and the characteristics of the water condenser observed. The highest tar reduction occurs in the range of 70-85 minutes, which is the efficiency of tar reduction of 64,45%.

 

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Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia , 2019
S-pdf
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Laksamana Andromeda
"Segala potensi sumber daya energi perlu kita manfaatkan demi terjaganya ketahanan energi bangsa. Indonesia, negara kepulauan dengan kapasitas biomassanya yang mencapai potensi 32,6 GW perlu memperdalam penguasaan teknologi pengolahannya. Gasifier Biomassa Fixed Bed Downdraft cocok digunakan untuk menghasilakn energi pada kondisi ini. Dengan target 50 kW reactor berdiameter 25 cm meerlukan karakter operasi agar produk hasil mampu stabil dan bernilai energi tinggi. Secara teoritis perlu diciptakan kesetabilan ER 0,23 untuk gasifier pendahulunya dimana reactor merupakan silinder kedap, agak berbeda dengan gasifier prototype ini. Implemntasi karakter operasi berupa feed rate 10,52 kg/jam, flow primer 2,83 m3/s, flow hisap 4,64 m3/s, dan char removal rate 1,43 RPM, didapatkan mampu continous memiliki nilai HHV tertinggi 3,72 MJ/Nm3, dengan cold gas efficiency sebesar 9,9% yang menandakan perlu koreksi desain untuk reaktor.

We need to use all potential energy resources for the sake of maintaining the nation's energy security. Indonesia, an archipelagic country with a biomass capacity that reaches a potential of 32.6 GW, needs to deepen its mastery of processing technology. Fixed Bed Downdraft Biomass Gasifier is suitable for producing energy in this condition. With a target of 50 kW reactor with a diameter of 25 cm, it requires the character of the operation so that the product can be stable and of high energy value. Theoretically it is necessary to create an ER 0.23 stability for its predecessor gasifier where reactors are impermeable cylinders, somewhat different from this gasifier prototype. The operational character implementation is in the form of a feed rate of 10.52 kg / hour, primary flow of 2.83 m3 / s, suction flow of 4.64 m3 / s, and char removal rate of 1.43 RPM, which is found to have the highest HHV value of 3.72 MJ / Nm3, with a cold gas efficiency of 9.9% indicating a need for design correction for the reactor."
Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2019
S-pdf
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Ariiq Naufal Muhammad
"Indonesia merupakan sebuah negara yang memiliki kekayan sumber daya alam yang melimpah. Dari sekian banyak sumber daya alam yang dimiliki oleh Indonesia ada suatu sumber energi terbaharukan yang dapat digunakan, yaitu biomassa. Biomassa di Indonesia merupakan bukti bahwa negara kita adalah negara agraris yang subur. Produksi Biomassa di Indonesia diperkirakan berjumlah 246.7 juta ton tiap tahunnya. Dengan angka sebesar ini, maka sudah semestinya Indonesia memfokuskan untuk mengembangkan teknologi terbaharukan untuk menghasilkan energi yang sustainable bagi negara Indonesia.
Syngas merupakan produk berupa gas pada proses gasifikasi diantara senyawa lain yang tidak diinginkan, seperti tar. Salah satu cara untuk memisahkan tar dari produk akhir adalah dengan menggunakan filter biomassa. Pada studi ini, efektivitas adsorpsi dari filter biomassa yang menggunakan sekam padi sebagai medium adsorpsi dalam menghilangkan tar dari produk akhir pada prototipe II gasifier dilampirkan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan memvariasikan laju aliran syngas dengan hasil 0.00179 /s, 0.002 /s, dan 0.00243 /s serta mengobservasi hasil dari pressure drop di antara inlet dan outlet filter dengan dengan hasil 0.262 kPa, 0.301 kPa, and 0.381 kPa. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi pengurangan tar akan naik selaras dengan kedua laju aliran syngas dan juga pressure drop, dengan efisiensi pengurangan tar maksimum sebesar 69.33% ketika laju aliran syngas dan pressure drop berada pada angka 0.00243 and 0.381 kPa.
Hasil dari studi ini dapat diaplikasikan sebagai bahan evaluasi prototipe II dengan tujuan untuk mendesain prototipe III filter biomassa dan juga mengetahui konfigurasi terbaik untuk mengurangi tar dalam prototipe II filter biomassa.

Indonesia is a natural-resources rich country from various sources. One of the sources is biomass. The existence of biomass in Indonesia indicates that Indonesia has a fertile land for agricultural activities. Each year, Indonesia produces 246.7 millions tons of biomass waste. With the number of biomass being so high, Indonesia needs to focus on generating renewable and sustainable energy for its people.
Syngas is one of the gaseous products of gasification process, among other unwanted compounds, such as tar. One way to separate tar from the final products is by using biomass filter. Here, the effectiveness of an adsorption biomass filter, using rice husk as the adsorption medium, in removing tar from the final products of prototype II gasifier is reported. The efficiency of tar removal was investigated by varying syngas flow rate of 0.00179 /s, 0.002 /s, 0.00243 /s and observing the resulted pressure drop between the inlet and outlet of the filter of 0.262 kPa, 0.301 kPa, and 0.381 kPa. The result shows that tar removal efficiency increases with both flow rate and pressure drop, with maximum tar removal efficiency of 69.33% was observed at flow rate and pressure drop of 0.00243 and 0.381 kPa, respectively.
The result of this study can be used to evaluate prototype II biomass filter with the purpose to design the new prototype III biomass filter as well as to determine the optimum configuration to reduce tar from prototype II final gaseous products
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Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2021
S-Pdf
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Hafif Dafiqurrohman
"Rice husk is one of the
most abundant biomass wastes in Indonesia. One way to convert it into an
alternative source of energy is biomass gasification. This is a thermochemical
process which converts biomass feedstock into fuel gas or chemical feedstock
gas (producer gas). The gasification type which is developed in this study is
fixed bed downdraft type due to its low tar content and compatibility in
microscale implementation. One major problem with the implemented biomass
gasification reactor was ruggedness of the partial oxidation process due to the
absence of air in the reactor?s middle section, which consequently affected the
pyrolysis zone. Several experiments were conducted previously using coconut
shells and rice husks as solid feedstock, where an equivalence ratio (ER) of
0.4 was obtained. Therefore, in order to optimize the pyrolysis zone, the
modification conducted involves adding a circular air intake into the gasifier.
Experiments were conducted in a pyrolysis temperature range of 300?700oC
with ER variation of 0.19, 0.24, 0.27 and 0.31. The results show that a good
quality producer gas is produced at an ER value of 0.24. This value shows a
promising result because the ER value of biomass gasification standard is 0.25."
2016
J-Pdf
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Dadan Kosasih
"Indonesia sebagai negara agrikultur, menyediakan potensi biomassa seperti sekam padi sebesar 16 juta ton per tahun (Agus & Sarwani, 2012). Kebaradaan sekam padi yang melimpah ini dapat digunakan untuk dikonversikan menjadi energi lain dengan teknologi gasifikasi biomassa. Gasifikasi biomassa merupakan konversi biomassa padat menjadi gas yang dapat dibakar atau biasa disebut syngas dengan suplai udara yang terbatas(Basu, 2010). Penggunaan teknologi gasifikasi tipe fixed bed downdraft cocok digunakan karena alasan produksi tar yang rendah dibanding tipe lainnya. Tar, pengotor, dan kontaminan partikel dan organik yang terbawa dalam syngas menjadi masalah operasional gasifikasi sampai saat ini (Hasler & Nussbaumer, 1999). Metode pembersihan tar saat ini memiliki nilai ekonomis yang rendah. Adsorpsi dengan menggunakan biomassa turunan padi, seperti sekam padi, jerami, dan biochar menjadi salah satu metode yang lebih ekonomis namun tetap efektif dalam pengurangan tar. Sekam padi, jerami, dan biochar memiliki karakteristik yang membuat ketinganya memiliki kemampuan dalam pengurangan tar. Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan investigasi karakterisitik dari sekam padi, jerami, dan biochar yang memengaruhi penurunan temperatur, efisiensi pengurangan tar, dan waktu nyala burner dengan variabel ketebalan sebesar 30cm, 40cm, dan 50cm dari setiap medium yang digunakan. Pengurangan tar yang paling efisien terjadi pada medium biochar dengan ketebalan 50cm yaitu, 59,45%. Namun, medium filter yang optimum dalam efisiensi pengurangan tar, dan waktu nyala burner adalah sekam padi 50cm dengan efisiensi pengurangan tar sebesar 56,65%, dan waktu nyala burner selama 790 detik.

Indonesia as an agricultural country, provides biomass potential such as rice husk of 16 million tons per year (Agus & Sarwani, 2012). The abundance of rice husks can be used to be converted into other energy by biomass gasification technology. Biomass gasification is the conversion of solid biomass into combustible gas or commonly called syngas with limited air supply (Basu, 2010). The use of downdraft fixed bed gasification technology is suitable for reasons of low tar production compared to other types. Tar, impurities, and particulate and organic contaminants carried in syngas are operational problems of gasification (Hasler & Nussbaumer, 1999). The current tar cleaning method has a low economic value. Adsorption by using biomass derived from rice, such as rice husk, straw, and biochar is one of the more economical methods but remains effective in reducing tar. Rice husk, straw, and biochar have characteristics that have the ability to reduce tar. In this study, a characteristic investigation of rice husk, straw and biochar will be carried out which affects the temperature decrease, the efficiency of tar reduction, and the burner flame time with variable thicknesses of 30cm, 40cm, and 50cm from each medium used. The most efficient tar reduction occurred in the biochar medium with a thickness of 50cm, 59.45%. However, the optimum filter medium in tar reduction efficiency, and burner flame time is 50cm rice husk with a decrease in tar reduction efficiency of 56.65%, and burner flame time for 790 seconds."
Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2019
S-pdf
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Felly Rihlat Gibran
"Rice husk is one of the most abundant agricultural wastes in Indonesia, with an annual potency of 13,662 MWe. Using biomass gasification, it can be converted into producer gas, whose energy can be used for thermal and electrical power generation. In gasification terms, gas quality can be interpreted by tar content and gas energy. An experiment using an open top fixed bed downdraft gasifier (batch system) with double stage air supply was conducted by varying the secondary air injection position (Z) and the air ratio (AR). Tar content can be represented by flaming pyrolysis duration and gas quality by the combustion energy of the gas. Flaming pyrolysis is a phenomenon which occurs inside the reactor, where tar produced is re-cracked and dissolved into smaller compounds. This can be achieved if the pyrolysis zone temperature ranges between 500 and 800oC. With an AR of 80%, at Z = 38 cm, flaming pyrolysis with the longest duration of 400 seconds was created, which indicated that this condition had the lowest tar content; meanwhile, at Z = 50 cm, gas with the highest energy (734.64 kJ) was obtained."
Depok: Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, 2018
UI-IJTECH 9:2 (2018)
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Citra Sumarmi
"Melimpahnya limbah pertanian sekam padi yang belum termanfaatkan menimbulkan masalah lingkungan baru karena pengelolaanya masih bersifat konvensional dengan cara dibakar, sehingga diperlukan pengelolaan berkelanjutan untuk dapat meningkatkan nilai ekonomi, kesejahteraan sosial, dan kesehatan lingkungan. Selain itu, pemanfaatan sekam padi merupakan salah satu opsi untuk mendukung proses transisi dari energi berbahan bakar fosil menjadi energi terbarukan/renewable energy yang lebih ramah lingkungan dan berkelanjutan. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi energi yang dihasilkan dari pengolahan sekam padi dan kelayakan ekonomi pemanfaatan sekam padi jika dimanfaatkan menjadi sumber energi terbarukan melalui penerapan prinsip ekonomi sirkular dengan menggunakan teknologi waste to energy yaitu gasifikasi. Dikarenakan karakteristik ekonomi sirkular dan sampah bersifat spesifik secara regional, maka dalam kajian ini menggunakan Kabupaten Malang sebagai studi kasus. Dari hasil analisis, terdapat potensi energi listrik tahunan bersih sebesar 72.270 MWh dengan daya bangkitan sebesar 10 MW yang dapat dihasilkan dengan memanfaatkan sekam padi sebanyak 496,61 ton/hari. Berdasarkan hasil analisis finansial, diperoleh nilai discount rate menggunakan WACC adalah sebesar 9,92%. Sedangkan dari hasil analisis biaya pembangkitan energi listrik (LCOE) adalah sebesar 8,82 cent-USD/kWh. Hasil dari analisis kelayakan ekonomi dapat diketahui nilai NPV yang positif (2.646.203), IRR > WACC (12,3%), dan BCR > 1 (1,16), dimana dari ketiga indikator kelayakan ekonomi tersebut proyek dapat dinyatakan layak dari sisi ekonomi. Dalam kajian ini juga dilakukan identifikasi komponen-komponen komersial dengan menggunakan business model canvas, analisis SWOT, dan juga pemetaan para pemangku kepentingan.

Large amount of agriculture waste of rice husk that have not been utilized lead environmental problem due to its management is still using conventional ways by burning, so a sustainable management need to be implemented to increase economic valeu, social welfare, and enviornmental health. Moreover, the use of rice husk is an option to support the transition process from fossil fuel energy basis to renewable energy that is more environmentally friendly and sustainable. This study aims to estimate energy potential resulted and determine economic feasibility from rice husk processing by implementing circular economy principal using waste to energy technology, namely gasification technology to produce electricity. Considering circular economy and waste characteristics are regionally specific; thus, this study uses a selected region, namely Malang Regency to be used as a case study basis. From analysis result, there is a net annual electricity potential of 72,720 MWh with a power generation of 10 MW using 496.61 tonnes/day as a feedstock. Based on financial analysis, the value of the discount rate using the WACC is 9.92%. Whilst, the results of the analysis of Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) is 8.82 cent-USD/kWh. Furthermore, from economic feasibility analysis gives positive NPV values (2,646,203), IRR > WACC (12.3%), and BCR > 1 (1.16), which of the three economic feasibility indicators the project can be declared feasible in economy side.  This study also identified commercial components using the business model canvas, SWOT analysis, and stakeholder mapping."
Jakarta: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2023
T-pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Hafif Dafiqurrohman
"Rice husk is one of the most abundant biomass wastes in Indonesia. One way to convert it into an alternative source of energy is biomass gasification. This is a thermochemical process which converts biomass feedstock into fuel gas or chemical feedstock gas (producer gas). The gasification type which is developed in this study is fixed bed downdraft type due to its low tar content and compatibility in microscale implementation. One major problem with the implemented biomass gasification reactor was ruggedness of the partial oxidation process due to the absence of air in the reactor’s middle section, which consequently affected the pyrolysis zone. Several experiments were conducted previously using coconut shells and rice husks as solid feedstock, where an equivalence ratio (ER) of 0.4 was obtained. Therefore, in order to optimize the pyrolysis zone, the modification conducted involves adding a circular air intake into the gasifier. Experiments were conducted in a pyrolysis temperature range of 300–700oC with ER variation of 0.19, 0.24, 0.27 and 0.31. The results show that a good quality producer gas is produced at an ER value of 0.24. This value shows a promising result because the ER value of biomass gasification standard is 0.25."
Depok: Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, 2017
UI-IJTECH 7:8 (2016)
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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