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"Dalam perjanjian kontrak asuransi, dapat ditentukan ganti rugi dan premi, sedemikian sehingga dicapai titik tengah yaitu tidak ada salah satu pihak yang lebih diuntungkan maupun lebih dirugikan. Kontrak asuransi Pareto-optimal adalah kontrak asuransi di mana tidak ada kontrak lain yang menguntungkan kedua pihak dibandingkan kontrak tersebut. Karena terdapat dua pihak yang diuntungkan, maka disebut konsep Pareto-optimal bilateral. Batasan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah biaya minimum dan anggaran premi. Untuk menghitung besar risiko yang dihadapi pihak tertanggung dan penanggung setelah menyetujui kontrak asuransi Pareto-optimal, digunakan ukuran risiko Tail Value at Risk (TVaR). TVaR digunakan karena merupakan salah satu ukuran risiko yang memenuhi sifat koherensi (coherent), di mana sifat ini mendukung adanya diversifikasi antar risiko dan mengurangi paparan akan ketidakpastian model. Di akhir penelitian, dilakukan implementasi konsep Pareto-optimal untuk kontrak asuransi dengan ukuran risiko TVaR dan ditemukan premi dan ganti rugi optimal. Selain itu, hasil yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa perubahan anggaran premi berbanding lurus dengan ganti rugi dan premi Pareto-optimal yang didapat, sebaliknya biaya minimum tidak terlalu berpengaruh pada premi dan ganti rugi Pareto-optimal yang didapat.

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In an insurance contract agreement, indemnity and premiums can be determined, so that a middle point is reached, namely that no one party is more benefited or more disadvantaged. A Pareto-optimal insurance contract is an insurance contract in which no other contract which benefits both parties over Pareto-optimal contract. Because there are two parties who benefit, it is called the bilateral Pareto-optimal. The limitations used in this study are the minimum cost and premium budget. To calculate the amount of risk faced by the insured and the insurer after agreeing to a Pareto-optimal insurance contract, the risk measure Tail Value at Risk (TVaR) is used. TVaR is used because it is a risk measure that meets the nature of coherence, where this property supports diversification between risks and reduces exposure to model uncertainty. At the end of the study, the Pareto-optimal concept was implemented for insurance contracts with a TVaR risk measure and found the optimal premium and compensation. In addition, the results obtained show that the change in the premium budget is directly proportional to the Pareto-optimal compensation and premium obtained, on the other hand the minimum cost does not have much effect on the Pareto-optimal premium and compensation obtained."

"Nutrition become an important part that affect the quality of life. Malnutrition have a direct impact on growth disorders and immune system especially during the first two years of a child's life, and malnutrition in the long run effect on productivity in adulthood. This study aims to determine the minimum cost diet in the nutritional status of children 12-23 months in the north coast of Brebes District. The study design was cross sectional by processing the primary data are taken in five sub-district in May 2012 with a sample of as many as 296 samples. The results showed that more serious nutritional problems lead to stunting problems (47.9%) and underweight (37.4%). The results of bivariate analysis showed an association between energy and protein intake with nutritional status (length for age); energy intake, protein, carbohydrates, fats, and the diversity of foods with nutritional status (weight for age); gender, caregiver knowledge, energy intake, protein, carbohydrates, fats, food diversity and the minimum cost of a nutritious diet with nutritional status (weightfor length). Multivariate analysis of protein intake as a dominant factor related to the problem of stunting and underweight, and energy intake as the dominant factor associated with the problem of wasting in children 12-23 months. The results suggest that increased knowledge of the caregiver in terms of feeding through various channels of information is absolutely necessary."

"Permintaan akan transportasi massal di DKI Jakarta terus meningkat seiring dengan pertumbuhan jumlah penduduk di wilayah DKI Jakarta. Oleh karena itu pemerintah DKI Jakarta mulai menjalankan program Smart City yang salah satunya adalah pembangunan transportasi massal. Pembangunan berbagai macam transportasi publik tersebut salah satunya adalah pembangunan kereta cepat yang merupakan objek penelitian ini. Perusahaan penyedia transportasi kereta cepat tersebut memiliki kendala dalam peningkatan nilai Inventory Turn Over (ITO) yang menghambat kinerja perusahaan. Permasalahan tersebut diakibatkan karena terjadi ketidakseimbangan antara jumlah persediaan dengan kebutuhan material suku cadang di gudang MRO untuk pemeliharaan. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan manajemen persediaan yang baik untuk melakukan efisiensi keputusan kuantitas pemesanan (Q) dan waktu pesan (T) sehingga mendapatkan total biaya persediaan yang minimal dengan tetap menjaga kualitas kegiatan pemeliharaan., Penelitian ini menggunakan dua metode. Metode pertama adalah klasifikasi multi-kriteria ABC sehingga dapat menentukan klasifikasi material yang diutamakan. Metode kedua yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) untuk pengembangan model matematis untuk mendapatkan total biaya persediaan yang minimal. Pada penelitian ini terdapat 17 jenis material yang masuk ke dalam kategori AA material kelompok Rolling Stock Depo dari total 1625 material. Jumlah kuantitas pesan (Q) dan waktu pesan (T) hasil model dapat meminimalkan total biaya persediaan sebesar 21.58% atau setara dengan Rp1.046.521.478 dan meningkatkan nilai ITO sebesar 15.17% dari kondisi aktual.

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The demand for mass transportation in DKI Jakarta continues to increase along with the population growth in the DKI Jakarta area. Therefore, the DKI Jakarta government has started implementing the Smart City program, one of which is the construction of mass transportation. The development of various kinds of public transportation, one of which is the construction of the high-speed train which is the object of this research. The fast train transportation provider company has obstacle in increasing the value of Inventory Turn Over (ITO) which hampers the company's performance. This problem is caused by an imbalance between the amount of inventory and the material needs of spare parts in the MRO warehouse for maintenance. Therefore, good inventory management is needed to make efficiency decisions on ordering quantity (Q) and ordering time (T) so, to get a minimum total inventory cost while maintaining the quality of maintenance activities. This study uses two methods. The first method is the ABC multi-criteria classification so that it can determine the preferred material classification. The second method used in this research is Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) for the development of mathematical models to obtain a minimum total inventory cost. In this research, there are 17 types of materials that fall into the category AA material for the Rolling Stock Depo group out of a total of 1625 materials. The total order quantity (Q) and order time (T) of the model results can minimize the total inventory cost by 21.58% or equivalent to Rp.1,046,521,478 and increase the ITO value by 15.17% from the actual condition."