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"Upper respiratory infection (URI) in developing countries causes high morbidity among toddlers. Indonesia Health Ministry reported that non-pneumonia acute respiratory infection (ARI) increased by 2.6% from 2007 to 2011. Risk factors which may contribute to URI include environment and behavior. This study aimed to investigate environmental and behavioral factors with URI among toddlers. This case control study was conducted on February - April 2015 among toddlers in Tamansari that is a slum area in Bandung City. Case was 55 mothers with toddlers suffering from URI who came to primary health care, meanwhile control was twice bigger than cases selected from the environment and matched for age, sex and nutritional status. Environmental factors were density, humidity, ventilation, temperature and smoke disposal. Meanwhile, behavioral factors were hand-washing, mother?s smoking behavior, the use of mask, vitamin A consumption and exclusive breastfeeding. Results of study showed that environmental factor related to URI was only density with p value = 0.021 and OR = 2.843 (CI 95% = 1.168 - 6.920). None of maternal behavior factor was related to URI. Reducing density is an important and challenging issue in slum area, same as similary health promotion and prevention concerning URI are still necessary to reduce the risk of this disease among toddlers in urban slum area.

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Infeksi saluran pernapasan akut atas (ISPA atas) di negara berkembang menyebabkan morbiditas tinggi pada anak bawah usia lima tahun (balita). Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia melaporkan bahwa ISPA nonpneumonia meningkat 2,6% dari tahun 2007 ke 2011. Faktor risiko yang dapat berkontribusi termasuk lingkungan dan perilaku. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki faktor perilaku dan lingkungan dengan ISPA atas pada balita. Studi kasus kontrol ini dilakukan dari Februari-April 2015 pada balita di Tamansari yang merupakan daerah kumuh di Kota Bandung. Kasus adalah 55 ibu dengan balita menderita ISPA atas yang datang ke puskesmas, sedangkan kontrol dua kali lebih besar dari kasus dipilih dari lingkungan dan cocok untuk usia, jenis kelamin, dan status gizi. Faktor lingkungan adalah kepadatan, kelembaban, ventilasi, suhu, dan pembuangan asap. Sedangkan perilaku adalah mencuci tangan, perilaku merokok ibu, pemakaian masker, konsumsi vitamin Adan ASI eksklusif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor lingkungan yang berkaitan dengan ISPA atas hanya kepadatan dengan nilai p = 0,021 dan OR = 2,843 (CI 95%: 1,168 - 6,920). Tidak terdapat faktor perilaku ibu yang berhubungan dengan ISPA atas. Pengurangan kepadatan merupakan masalah penting dan menantang di daerah kumuh, sama halnya dengan promosi kesehatan dan pencegahan tentang ISPA atas masih penting untuk mengurangi risiko penyakit ini pada balita di daerah kumuh perkotaan."

"Tesis ini membahas mengenai perilaku kewirausahaan dilihat dari aspek aspek kepribadian mana yang paling berpengaruh bagi individu untuk memutuskan menjadi wirausahawan, dengan melihat faktor entrepreneurial intention dari wirausawan. Responden yang terlibat adalah mereka yang memutuskan menjadi wirausahawan seteleh sebelumnya pernah bekerja dalam suatu organisasi atau perusahaan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan melakukan analisa hasil dari kuestioner. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa faktor behavioural control dan need for achievement merupakan faktor yang paling berpengaruh dalam proses pengambilan keputusan untuk wirausaha yang beralih dari sebelumnya menjadi karyawan. Entrepreneurial intention yang tinggi dari individu juga sangat berkaitan erat dengan entrepreneurial decision (action).

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This thesis discussed about the entrepreneurial behavior evaluated from the aspect of personalities of the individual which most affected when decided to become entrepreneurs, by looking at factors of entrepreneurial intention of entrepreneurs. Respondents involved are those who decide to become entrepreneurs, before previously worked in an organization or company. This research is a quantitative research by analyzing the results of the questionnaire.

The study concluded that behavioral factors control and need for achievement is the most influential factor in the decision making process for entrepreneurs who change its employment status from the employee to the entrepreneur. Those individual with high entrepreneur intention very close to take action and become entrepreneur."

"[ ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas mengenai faktor risiko perilaku (merokok, aktivitas fisikdan diet) dengan penyakit jantung dan pembuluh darah (penyakit jantung koronerdan stroke) pada usia ≥40 tahun di Indonesia tahun 2013. Berdasarkan dataestimasi WHO, 17,5 juta orang meninggal di dunia karena penyakitkardiovaskuler (7,4 juta karena penyakit jantung koroner dan 6,7 juta akibatstroke pada tahun 2012). Perilaku memegang peranan penting dalammempengaruhi kejadian penyakit jantung dan pembuluh darah. Tujuan penelitianini adalah untuk menilai pengaruh faktor risiko perilaku (merokok, aktivitas fisikdan diet) dengan kejadian penyakit jantung dan pembuluh darah pada usia ≥40tahun. Penelitian bersifat kuantitatif, dengan desain studi cross sectional,menggunakan data sekunder Riskesdas Tahun 2013. Sampel penelitian ini adalahsemua individu yang berusia ≥40 tahun yang menjadi responden dalam Riskesdas2013. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perilaku merokok dan aktivitas fisikmemiliki hubungan dengan penyakit jantung dan pembuluh darah, sedangkan diettidak sehat memiliki risiko yang lebih rendah. Faktor yang berperan besarterhadap penyakit jantung koroner adalah merokok (yang merokok dibandingkandengan yang tidak merokok, pada laki-laki OR: 1,32 dan perempuan OR: 1,63).Sedangkan untuk stroke, faktor aktivitas fisik yang memiliki risiko yang lebihbesar terhadap kejadian stroke (yang berperilaku kurang gerak dibandingkandengan yang beraktivitas fisik cukup, pada laki-laki OR: 2,01 dan perempuan OR:2,60). Oleh sebab itu, memulai gaya hidup sehat akan sangat membantu dalammencegah ketiga penyakit ini begitupun penyakit lainnya.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses the behavioral risk factors (smoking, physical activity and

diet) with heart and blood vessel disease (coronary heart disease and stroke) at age

≥40 years in Indonesia in 2013. According to the WHO estimates, 17.5 million

people died in world as cardiovascular disease (7.4 million due to coronary heart

disease and 6.7 million from stroke in 2012). Behavior plays an important role in

influencing the incidence of heart disease and blood vessels. The purpose of this

study was to assess the effects of behavioral risk factors (smoking, physical

activity and diet) and the incidence of heart disease and blood vessels at age ≥40

years. The research is quantitative, with cross sectional study design, using

secondary data Riskesdas 2013. The sample was all individuals aged ≥40 years

who were respondents in Riskesdas 2013. The results showed that smoking

behavior and physical activity linked to heart disease and blood vessels, whereas

an unhealthy diet have a lower risk. Factors that played a major role against

coronary heart disease is smoking (smoking compared with non-smokers, in men

OR: 1,32 and women OR: 1.63). As for stroke, physical activity factors that have

a greater risk for stroke (which behaves less movement compared with sufficient

physical activity, in men OR: 2,01 and women OR: 2.60). Therefore, start a

healthy lifestyle will be very helpful in preventing this disease as well as the three

other diseases.;This thesis discusses the behavioral risk factors (smoking, physical activity and

diet) with heart and blood vessel disease (coronary heart disease and stroke) at age

≥40 years in Indonesia in 2013. According to the WHO estimates, 17.5 million

people died in world as cardiovascular disease (7.4 million due to coronary heart

disease and 6.7 million from stroke in 2012). Behavior plays an important role in

influencing the incidence of heart disease and blood vessels. The purpose of this

study was to assess the effects of behavioral risk factors (smoking, physical

activity and diet) and the incidence of heart disease and blood vessels at age ≥40

years. The research is quantitative, with cross sectional study design, using

secondary data Riskesdas 2013. The sample was all individuals aged ≥40 years

who were respondents in Riskesdas 2013. The results showed that smoking

behavior and physical activity linked to heart disease and blood vessels, whereas

an unhealthy diet have a lower risk. Factors that played a major role against

coronary heart disease is smoking (smoking compared with non-smokers, in men

OR: 1,32 and women OR: 1.63). As for stroke, physical activity factors that have

a greater risk for stroke (which behaves less movement compared with sufficient

physical activity, in men OR: 2,01 and women OR: 2.60). Therefore, start a

healthy lifestyle will be very helpful in preventing this disease as well as the three

other diseases.;This thesis discusses the behavioral risk factors (smoking, physical activity and

diet) with heart and blood vessel disease (coronary heart disease and stroke) at age

≥40 years in Indonesia in 2013. According to the WHO estimates, 17.5 million

people died in world as cardiovascular disease (7.4 million due to coronary heart

disease and 6.7 million from stroke in 2012). Behavior plays an important role in

influencing the incidence of heart disease and blood vessels. The purpose of this

study was to assess the effects of behavioral risk factors (smoking, physical

activity and diet) and the incidence of heart disease and blood vessels at age ≥40

years. The research is quantitative, with cross sectional study design, using

secondary data Riskesdas 2013. The sample was all individuals aged ≥40 years

who were respondents in Riskesdas 2013. The results showed that smoking

behavior and physical activity linked to heart disease and blood vessels, whereas

an unhealthy diet have a lower risk. Factors that played a major role against

coronary heart disease is smoking (smoking compared with non-smokers, in men

OR: 1,32 and women OR: 1.63). As for stroke, physical activity factors that have

a greater risk for stroke (which behaves less movement compared with sufficient

physical activity, in men OR: 2,01 and women OR: 2.60). Therefore, start a

healthy lifestyle will be very helpful in preventing this disease as well as the three

other diseases., This thesis discusses the behavioral risk factors (smoking, physical activity and

diet) with heart and blood vessel disease (coronary heart disease and stroke) at age

≥40 years in Indonesia in 2013. According to the WHO estimates, 17.5 million

people died in world as cardiovascular disease (7.4 million due to coronary heart

disease and 6.7 million from stroke in 2012). Behavior plays an important role in

influencing the incidence of heart disease and blood vessels. The purpose of this

study was to assess the effects of behavioral risk factors (smoking, physical

activity and diet) and the incidence of heart disease and blood vessels at age ≥40

years. The research is quantitative, with cross sectional study design, using

secondary data Riskesdas 2013. The sample was all individuals aged ≥40 years

who were respondents in Riskesdas 2013. The results showed that smoking

behavior and physical activity linked to heart disease and blood vessels, whereas

an unhealthy diet have a lower risk. Factors that played a major role against

coronary heart disease is smoking (smoking compared with non-smokers, in men

OR: 1,32 and women OR: 1.63). As for stroke, physical activity factors that have

a greater risk for stroke (which behaves less movement compared with sufficient

physical activity, in men OR: 2,01 and women OR: 2.60). Therefore, start a

healthy lifestyle will be very helpful in preventing this disease as well as the three

other diseases.]"