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"Perubahan kebijakan atas ekspor minyak sawit adalah fenomena yang menarik. Hal ini karena kebijakan tersebut berada diantara dua hal yang saling bertolak belakang, pendapatan yang diterima dari ekspor minyak sawit sangat membantu untuk menyeimbangkan penerimaan dan pengeluaran pada anggaran negara. Di sisi lain, persediaan minyak sawit yang sedikit dapat menyebabkan masalah besar yang berdampak pada masyarakat.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dasar pertimbangan pemerintah menetapkan kebijakan bea keluar sebagai instrumen stabilisasi CPO untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dalam negeri. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kualitatif.Berdasarkan penelitian, dasar pertimbangan pemerintah menetapkan kebijakan bea keluar adalah kekokohan dasar hukum, tarif yang situasional dan kondisional, dan sifat kebijakan yang fleksibel. Dikarenakan alasan pengusaha memilih untuk mengekspor daripada memenuhi kebutuhan di dalam negeri adalah harga di luar lebih tinggi dibanding di dalam negeri, peneliti memiliki saran. Pemerintah harus menggunakan pendapatan yang diterima dari ekspor minyak sawit untuk mengembangkan industri di dalam negeri sehingga harga minyak sawit di dalam negeri tidak berbeda jauh dengan harga di luar negeri.

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The changing policy of export on palm oil is an interesting phenomenon. Because of the policy its stand in two different things, the income received from the palm oil export is quite tempting for balancing the revenue and the expense the state budget. On the other hands, the small amount of supply of the palm oil may cause a huge problem that effect to the society.This research is aimed to analyze government consideration base to determine export duties policy as instrument to stabilize CPO domestic needs. To answer that question, the approach used for the research is qualitative.Based on the research, government consideration base to determine export duties policy are a strong law base, situational and conditional tariff, and flexibility nature of policy. Because of the reason entrepreneur choose to export CPO than fulfill domestic needs is CPO price abroad more high than domestic, the researcher have a recommendation. Government must use the income received from palm oil export to develop domestic industry so CPO price abroad to domestic not too different."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat dampak pengenaan tarif bea keluar biji kakao Indonesia terhadap ekspor produk kakao olahan dari Indonesia dan Malaysia di jangka panjang. Variabel penelitian yang digunakan adalah volume ekspor produk kakao olahan di Indonesia dan Malaysia, harga biji kakao Indonesia, harga biji kakao internasional, harga rata-rata ekspor kakao olahan di 5 negara kompetitor Indonesia dan Malaysia, volume impor kakao olahan di dunia dan dummy penerapan tarif bea keluar biji kakao Indonesia. Untuk menjawab tujuan penelitian maka digunakan metode Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) dan menggunakan bound testing cointegration untuk melihat hubungan kointegrasi dari variabel-variabel yang diteliti. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa pengenaan tarif bea keluar biji kakao di Indonesia berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap meningkatnya volume ekspor kakao olahan Indonesia di jangka panjang. Sedangkan bagi Malaysia, pengenaan tarif bea keluar biji kakao di Indonesia, berpengaruh tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap menurunnya volume ekspor kakao olahan Malaysia di jangka panjang.

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The purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of Indonesian cocoa beans export tax policy on Indonesia and Malaysia processed cocoa exports in the long term. The research variables are export volume of processed cocoa products in Indonesia and Malaysia, Indonesia price of cocoa beans, world price of cocoa beans, average price of exports of processed cocoa in 5 Indonesia and Malaysia competitor countries, import volume of cocoa in the world and the dummy tariff Export duty of Indonesian cocoa beans. To answer the research objectives method is used Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL To answer the research objective, we use Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and using bound testing cointegration for testing the cointegration relationship between the research variables. The results show that in the long run, that the imposition of tariff on cocoa beans in Indonesia has a significant effect on the increase of export volume  of Indonesia processed cocoa but for Malaysia, the imposition of tariffs out of cocoa beans in Indonesia, no significant effect on the declining vol of Malaysias exports of processed cocoa."

"[ABSTRAKIndonesia merupakan produsen biji kakao terbesar ketiga di dunia. Namun dengan daya saing dan kinerja Industri pengolahan yang masih rendah dibandingkan negarakompetitor. Pada tahun 2011 kebijakan bea keluar terhadap komoditas biji kakaodiberlakukan untuk mendorong tumbuhnya industri pengolahan kakao. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan beberapa indeks perdagangan yaitu: RevealedComparative Advantage, Indeks Spesialisasi Perdagangan, dan analisis ConstantMarket Share (CMS) dari tahun 2005 hingga 2013 untuk melihat pengaruh beakeluar pada daya saing industri kakao. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwakebijakan bea keluar melukai nilai ekspor komoditas kakao secara keseluruhan.Namun, muncul tanda perbaikan daya saing industri kakao dengan meningkatnyaekspor dari produk olahan kakao.

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ABSTRACTIndonesia is the third largest producer of cocoa beans in the world. However it haslow both in terms of competitiveness and overall performance in processingindustry compared to competitor countries. For that reason in 2011 export tax policyof the cocoa beans enacted to encourage growth in the cocoa processing industry.The study was conducted using several trade indexes which are RevealedComparative Advantage, Trade Specializatin Index and Constant Market Share(CMS) from year 2005 to 2013 to see the policy impact on the competitiveness ofcocoa industry. The results showed that export tax policy hurt Indonesia?s cocoaexport value. However, there is a signs of improvement in cocoa industrycompetitiveness with an increase in processed cocoa products from export value ofcocoa., Indonesia is the third largest producer of cocoa beans in the world. However it haslow both in terms of competitiveness and overall performance in processingindustry compared to competitor countries. For that reason in 2011 export tax policyof the cocoa beans enacted to encourage growth in the cocoa processing industry.The study was conducted using several trade indexes which are RevealedComparative Advantage, Trade Specializatin Index and Constant Market Share(CMS) from year 2005 to 2013 to see the policy impact on the competitiveness ofcocoa industry. The results showed that export tax policy hurt Indonesia’s cocoaexport value. However, there is a signs of improvement in cocoa industrycompetitiveness with an increase in processed cocoa products from export value ofcocoa.]"

"ABSTRAKPerjanjian Karya Pengusahaan Pertambangan Batubara (PKP2B) generasi ketiga merupakan bentuk peg'anjian yang memberikan kewenangan kepada pengusaha atau kontraktor untuk melakukan usaha pertambangan dengan mengacu kepada Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 1967 tentang Ketentuan Pokok Pertambangan. Dalam perkembangan lebih lanjut, Undang-Undang Nomor I I Tahun 1967 diganti dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara. Dalam ketentuan peralihannya, pemegang PKP2B harus menyesuaikan Pe{anjian dalam waktu 1 (satu) tahun. Salah satu penyesuaian yang dilakukan adalah penambahan klausula bea keluar dalam amandemen.Permasahan yang timbul dalam penulisan ini adalah posisi PT XXX dengan Pemerintah dalam renegosiasi terkait penambahan klausula bea keluar dan bagaimana agar renegosiasi dapat dicapai dengan musyawarah mufakat.Metode dalam penulisan ini adalah metode kepustakaan yang bersifat yuridis normatif. Tipe penelitian dalam penelitian ini bersifat preskriptif dan alat pengumpulan data yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan studi dokumen atau studi kepustakaan. Pendekatan yang ditempuh dalam penulisan ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif.Dalam kajian ini, Penulis mengambil kesimpulan bahwa bea keluar dapat dimasukkan dalam amandemen apabila ada kesepakatan dan para pihak menghargai dan menghormati isi PKP2B yang telah ditandatangani. Kajian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan masukan bagi pemerintah dan pemegang PKP2B generasi ketiga untuk menemukan solusi sehingga amandemen yang telah tertunda enam (tahun) dapat segera ditandatansani.

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ABSTRACT

The 3rd generation of Work Agreement on Coal Mining Exploitation (PIG2B) is a form of agreement which granting authorization to the employer or contractor to engage in mining exploitation work in accordance with Law Number 11 of 1967 on Basic Mining Regulation. Law Number I I of 1967 was later amended by Law Number 4 of 2009 on Mineral and Coal Mining. Under the transitory provisions, the holder of PKP2B is required to amend the Agreement within a period of I (one) year. One of such amendments is to supplement the clause of export duty set forth in an amendment.

The subject matter which arises in this paper is the position of PT XXX with the Government in the renegotiation on the addition of clause of export duty and how such renegotiation can be concluded deliberately.

The method applied in the process of completing this paper is juridical normative literature study. The type of research is prescriptive and data collection instrument used in this research is documentary study or literary study. The approach taken in this paper is qualitative approach.

In this study, the writer has drawn conclusion that the clause of export duty can be incorporated into the amendment upon mutual agreement and honor of the parties of the substance of upon which PKP2B is signed. This study is expected to provide input for the govemment and holders PKP2B third generation to find a solution so that the amendments that had been delayed six (years) could be signed soon."

"Tesis ini membahas mengenai pengaruh kebijakan bea keluar terhadap pembangunan fasilitas pemurnian, khususnya pengenaan bea keluar terhadap PT Freeport Indonesia. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penulis membahas mengenai fungsi pengenaan bea dalam kegiatan ekspor impor di Indonesia, bea keluar sebagai instrumen hilirisasi tambang mineral khususnya pembangunan fasilitas pemurnian berdasarkan kebijakan fiskal dan asas kepastian hukum, serta penulis menganalisa dampak pengenaan bea keluar terhadap progres pembangunan fasilitas pemurnian PT Freeport Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa fungsi bea masuk dan bea kaluar merupakan fungsi regulerend diantaranya pemerintah berusaha melindungi industri dalam negeri dan sumber daya alam dalam negeri. Bea keluar merupakan disinsentif fiskal yang saat ini dapat menjadi insentif bagi pengusaha yang membangun fasilitas pemurnian, serta ketentuan terkait bea keluar telah sesuai dengan asas kepastian hukum. Kebijakan bea keluar tidak berpengaruh besar terhadap pembangunan fasilitas pemurnian. Sebaiknya dalam mewujudkan hilirisasi mineral pemerintah memberikan lebih banyak dukungan baik dalam hal insentif perpajakan maupun penyediaan fasilitas serta menyiapkan industri hilir dengan diimbangi dengan terus tegas dalam melaksanakan kebijakan dan sanksi yang telah ditetapkan berdasarkan ketentuan perundang-undangan.

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This thesis discussed the effect of the export duty policy on the smelter establishment, specifically the imposition of export duties on PT Freeport Indonesia. Based on this, the author examined the purpose of imposing duties on exportation and importation in Indonesia, examined the export duty as an instrument of downstreaming the mineral industry based on fiscal policy and the principle of legal certainty, especially of the establishment of smelters, and analyzed the impact of imposing export duties on the development of PT Freeport Indonesia's smelter. This research used a normative juridical approach. The results of the study stated that the function of import duty and export duty is a regulatory function, as well as the government’s attempts in protecting domestic industries and natural resources. Export duty, which were originally a fiscal disincentive, can now become an incentive for entrepreneurs who build smelters, and the laws on export duty are ascertained to be in accordance with the principle of legal certainty. The export duty policy does not have a major impact on the establishment of PT Freeport Indonesia's smelters. In establishing the downstreaming of mineral industry, the government should give more support, by providing both tax incentives and supporting facilities, prepare the downstream industry, and at the same time firmly implement policies and sanctions that had been established under the provisions of law."

"Penyebab belum selesainya negosiasi Indonesia-European Union Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IEU CEPA) adalah masih adanya poin pembahasan yang belum disepakati kedua belah pihak, salah satunya adalah usulan Uni Eropa untuk menghapus kebijakan bea keluar Indonesia. Studi ini menggunakan unit observasi komoditas ekspor kode harmonized system enam digit dalam rentang waktu 2007-2019 secara bulanan, dan mengaplikasikan metode fixed effect model, simultaneous equation model serta seemingly unrelated regression. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa bea keluar dan volume ekspor berkorelasi secara simultan. Peningkatan permintaan ekspor dari Uni Eropa secara signifikan meningkatkan tarif bea keluar Indonesia, dan tarif bea keluar Indonesia secara signifikan mengurangi volume ekspor ke Uni Eropa. Artikel ini menemukan bahwa kebijakan bea keluar Indonesia atas ekspor tujuan Uni Eropa dapat meningkatkan suplai di dalam negeri."

"Besarnya potensi komoditas nikel di Indonesia menjadikannya salah satu komoditas ekspor terbesar Indonesia. Untuk melakukan optimalisasi atas potensi tersebut pemerintah  memberlakukan kebijakan pelarangan ekspor bijih nikel mentah, untuk mendukung percepatan hilirisasi dan pertumbuhan industri dalam negeri. Kebijakan tersebut direspon negatif dari pihak Uni Eropa dan dilayangkan gugatan pada World Trade Organization (WTO). Dalam konteks kegiatan ekspor penerapan bea keluar merupakan salah satu alternatif kebijakan yang dapat diimplementasikan, namun hingga saat ini belum terdapat komunikasi yang terintegrasi dalam pemerintah untuk merespon permasalahan tersebut. Berdasarkan pemaparan diperlukan analisis lebih lanjut atas faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap proses formulasi kebijakan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan analisis formulasi kebijakan bea keluar nikel ditinjau dari multiple stream theory untuk memaparkan lebih lanjut atas beberapa faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap proses formulasi kebijakan tersebut dengan problem stream, policy stream, dan politics stream. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan paradigma post positivist dengan pengumpulan data melalui studi lapangan dan kepustakaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini memaparkan bahwa kebijakan bea keluar nikel sudah memiliki urgensi pada problem stream. Pada policy stream, diketahui belum terdapat keterlibatan yang intensif antar pemangku kebijakan. Serta, pada politics stream, pemangku kepentingan memiliki keberpihakan terhadap kondisi industri hilirisasi yang baru saja berkembang. Kebijakan bea keluar memiliki peluang untuk dapat menjadi sumber penerimaan dalam negeri, serta memiliki tantangan dari hadirnya konfontrasi baik dari pelaku industri dan juga WTO sebagaai pihak eksternal.

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The significant potential of nickel commodities in Indonesia makes it one of the country's largest export commodities. To optimize this potential, the government has implemented a policy banning the export of raw nickel ore to support the acceleration of downstream processing and domestic industrial growth. This policy has been met with negative responses from the European Union and resulted in a lawsuit filed at the World Trade Organization (WTO). In the context of export activities, the implementation of export duties is one alternative policy that can be considered. However, to date, there has been no integrated communication within the government to address this issue. Based on this situation, further analysis is required on the factors influencing the policy formulation process. The objective of this research is to analyze the formulation of nickel export duty policy from the perspective of the multiple stream theory, to further elaborate on the various factors affecting this policy formulation process, namely the problem stream, policy stream, and politics stream. This research employs a post-positivist paradigm approach, with data collected through field studies and literature review. The results of this study indicate that the urgency of the nickel export duty policy is evident in the problem stream. In the policy stream, there is a lack of intensive involvement among policymakers. Additionally, in the politics stream, stakeholders show support for the nascent downstream industry. The export duty policy has the potential to become a source of domestic revenue but also faces challenges from confrontations with both industry players and external parties such as the WTO."

"ABSTRAKSejak tahun 2006, Industri minyak sawit khususnya Indonesia bertumbuh secara signifikan dan menjadi industri yang sangat penting bagi Indonesia. Besarnya produksi CPO Indonesia berdampak langsung pada peningkatan volume dan nilai ekspor CPO. Selama ini, Indonesia hanya menekankan pada ekspor CPO sehingga nilai tambah yang diperoleh masih rendah. Konsumsi CPO domestik hanya sekitar 30%, sedangkan 70% CPO Indonesia di ekspor ke pasar internasional. Tingginya peluang pasar dan produksi CPO Indonesia harus dimanfaatkan dengan baik oleh Indonesia dengan cara mengembangkan industri hilir. Dalam mendukung pengembangan industri hilir CPO di Indonesia, pada tahun 2011 pemerintah menerapkan kebijakan hilirisasi industri kelapa sawit dengan menerapkan bea keluar pada CPO dan produk turunannya berdasarkan PMK No. 128/11. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak dari kebijakan hilirisasi yang diterapkan pemerintah terhadap konsumsi CPO pada industri hilir. Teknik analisis yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah fixed effect model pada data panel dari industri-industri hilir CPO dengan periode tahun penelitian 2000-2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah perusahaan, harga CPO internasional mempunyai pengaruh yang postif dan signifikan, sedangkan gap harga dan output produksi tahun sebelumnya berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap konsumsi CPO pada industri hilir. namun, nilai tukar riil, kebijakan hilirisasi, kebijakan penerapan bea keluar pada CPO dan produk turunannya tidak mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap konsumsi CPO. Hal lain juga ditunjukkan dalam penelitian ini bahwa industri yang berpengaruh signifikan dalam menyerap CPO domestik adalah industri minyak goreng kelapa sawit, industri ransum makanan hewan, industri kimia dasar organik yang bersumber dari pertanian dan juga industri minyak makan dan lemak nabati lainnya. Sedangkan industri minyak goreng kelapa dan industri sabun dan bahan pembersih keperluan rumah tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan

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ABSTRACTSince 2006, the palm oil industry, especially Indonesia, has grown significantly and has become a very important industry for Indonesia. The size of Indonesia's CPO production has a direct impact on increasing the volume and value of CPO exports. So far, Indonesia has only emphasized on CPO exports so that the added value obtained is still low. Domestic CPO consumption is only around 30%, while 70% of Indonesia's CPO is exported to international markets. The high market opportunities and CPO production in Indonesia must be put to good use by Indonesia by developing downstream industries. In supporting the development of the downstream CPO industry in Indonesia, in 2011 the government implemented a downstream policy on the palm oil industry by applying export duties on CPO and its derivative products based on PMK No. 128/11. This study aims to analyze the impact of the downstream policy adopted by the government on CPO consumption in the downstream industry. The analysis technique used in this study is a fixed effect model on panel data from downstream CPO industries with a period of 2000-2015 research. The results showed that the number of companies, international CPO prices had a positive and significant effect, while the price gap and production output of the previous year had a significant negative effect on CPO consumption in the downstream industry. however, the real exchange rate, downstream policy, policy of applying export duty on CPO and its derivative products do not have a significant effect on CPO consumption. Another thing also shown in this study is that industries that have a significant influence in absorbing domestic CPO are the palm cooking oil industry, the animal feed ration industry, the organic basic chemical industry which is sourced from agriculture and also the edible oil and other vegetable fats industry. While the coconut cooking oil industry and the soap industry and household cleaning agents have no significant effect"

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai analisis kebijakan bea keluar atas komoditi kelapa sawit dan biji kakao. Pemerintah memiliki kewenangan untuk menetapkan tarif yang digunakan sebagai instrumen kebijakan fiskal menahan ekspor yang terus meningkat. Tarif progresif yang ditetapkan bertujuan untuk mengikuti harga pasar internasional yang fluktuatif, untuk menjaga kebutuhan dalam negeri, serta meningkatkan program hilirisasi dalam industri. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana proses pembuatan kebijakan bea keluar atas kedua komoditi ini karena pertimbangan yang ada dalam peraturan tersebut tidak cukup. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik analisis data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan perlakuan antar kedua komoditi tersebut karena terdapat perbedaan karakteristik baik dari segi tanaman, tujuan serta kepentingan yang ada. Dalam penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa perubahan tarif yang terjadi dikarenakan adanya harga pasar yang tidak menentu.

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his Thesis discussed about the analysis of difference in treatment over tax policy for palm and cocoa. The government has the authority to set tariff which is used as fiscal instrument to restrain the increasing export. A progressive tariffs set to follow the rise and fall of the international market price, to keep domestic demand, and to increase the downstream industry program. This research was conducted to know how the process of policy making about duties of cocoa and palm because consideration of each regulation is not enough. This research uses qualitative approach with qualitative data collection procedures. The results of this research show there is a difference treatment for both commodities as both of them have different characteristic in terms of crops, goals, and interests. This research also shows that the tariff changes due the fluctuate market price."

"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab pertanyaan tentang faktor-faktor yangdapat menghambat perkembangan industri pengolahan kakao Indonesia.Penelitian ini, khususnya, ditujukan untuk menganalisa perkembangan industripengolahan kakao di Indonesia setelah penerapan bea keluar terhadap ekspor bijikakao (bahan baku bagi produk-produk olahan kakao); bagaimana respon dariindustri tersebut dan bagaimana distribusi harga diantara para pelaku dalam rantainilai kakao-coklat di Indonesia.Pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif digunakan dalam analisa penelitian ini.Analisa kualitatif digunakan untuk melihat secara deskriptif pola ekspor kakaoIndonesia, sebagai gambaran dari perkembangan industri pengolahan kakaoIndonesia. Selain itu, metode kualitatif juga digunakan untuk menganalisa rantainilai dari Kakao-Coklat di Indonesia. Analisa deskriptif juga dilakukan terhadaptrend harga biji kakao untuk melihat pembagian harga dan resiko antar pelakudalam rantai nilai kakao Indonesia akibat penerapan bea keluar ekspor biji kakaodan perubahan harga dunia biji kakao. Analisa kuantitatif dilakukan untuk melihatapakah penerapan bea keluar tersebut mempengaruhi perkembangan industripengolahan kakao Indonesia, melalui penawaran ekspor dari produk-produkolahan kakao Indonesia.Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa pasokan biji kakao yang tidak cukup untukpasar domestik, hambatan berupa bea masuk oleh negara-negara EU, danpermasalahan transportasi adalah permasalahan utama yang dapat menghambatperkembangan industri pengolahan kakao Indonesia. Dapat disimpulkan jugabahwa penerapan bea keluar untuk ekspor biji kakao adalah regulasi yang sangatefektif untuk menurunkan ketergantungan terhadap ekspor bahan baku padaekspor produk kakao Indonesia dan mendorong pengolahan domestik kakaodengan peningkatan ekspor produk-produk olahan kakao. Selain itu, penerapanbea keluar dan fluktuasi harga dunia untuk biji kakao dipandang menguntungkanpemerintah dan industri pengolahan kakao, tapi menyebabkan kerugian bagieksporter biji kakao dan tidak berpengaruh terhadap petani. Namun, suatumekanisme penetapan harga yang lebih baik antara petani dan industri sertaefektifitas dari keberadaan asosiasi atau organisasi petani dapat menjadi solusiuntuk membuat petani memperoleh keuntungan dari penerapan bea keluartersebut

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ABSTRACTThis paper aims to answer a question regarding factors that can hinder thedevelopment of Indonesian cocoa processing industry. Specifically, the paper isintended to analyze the development of cocoa processing industries in Indonesiadue to the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans (raw material for cocoaprocessing products); how they respond and how the price distribution amongstakeholders.Qualitative and quantitative methods are applied in the analysis of this paper. Thequalitative analysis is used to see descriptively the pattern of the Indonesian cocoaexports, as the picture of the development of Indonesian cocoa processingindustry, and analyze the Indonesian cocoa-chocolate value chain, specifically theprocessing of cocoa in domestic market. Descriptive analysis is also done for thetrend of cocoa beans price to see the share of price and risk between stakeholdersin Indonesian cocoa value chain due to the imposition of export tax on cocoabeans and the changes in the world price of cocoa beans. Quantitative analysis isdone to see whether the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans affects thedevelopment of Indonesian cocoa processing industries, through export supply ofthe Indonesian cocoa products.Result of the analysis shows that insufficient supply of cocoa beans for domesticmarket, barriers in the form of import duty by the EU countries, and transportationproblems are the major problems that could hinder the development of Indonesiancocoa processing industry. The analysis also concludes that the introduction ofexport tax on cocoa beans is an effective regulation to decrease the dependence onthe export of raw material of cocoa exports and encourage the domesticprocessing of cocoa beans by increase the export of cocoa processing products. Inaddition, the imposition of the tax and fluctuation on the world price of cocoabeans is evaluated to be benefited for the government and the processors, butcauses loss on the exporters of cocoa beans and gives no effect to the farmers.However, a better price mechanism between the farmers and the processors andthe presence of an effective farmer?s association or organization could be asolution to make the farmers gain benefit of the export tax imposition.;This paper aims to answer a question regarding factors that can hinder thedevelopment of Indonesian cocoa processing industry. Specifically, the paper isintended to analyze the development of cocoa processing industries in Indonesiadue to the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans (raw material for cocoaprocessing products); how they respond and how the price distribution amongstakeholders.Qualitative and quantitative methods are applied in the analysis of this paper. Thequalitative analysis is used to see descriptively the pattern of the Indonesian cocoaexports, as the picture of the development of Indonesian cocoa processingindustry, and analyze the Indonesian cocoa-chocolate value chain, specifically theprocessing of cocoa in domestic market. Descriptive analysis is also done for thetrend of cocoa beans price to see the share of price and risk between stakeholdersin Indonesian cocoa value chain due to the imposition of export tax on cocoabeans and the changes in the world price of cocoa beans. Quantitative analysis isdone to see whether the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans affects thedevelopment of Indonesian cocoa processing industries, through export supply ofthe Indonesian cocoa products.Result of the analysis shows that insufficient supply of cocoa beans for domesticmarket, barriers in the form of import duty by the EU countries, and transportationproblems are the major problems that could hinder the development of Indonesiancocoa processing industry. The analysis also concludes that the introduction ofexport tax on cocoa beans is an effective regulation to decrease the dependence onthe export of raw material of cocoa exports and encourage the domesticprocessing of cocoa beans by increase the export of cocoa processing products. Inaddition, the imposition of the tax and fluctuation on the world price of cocoabeans is evaluated to be benefited for the government and the processors, butcauses loss on the exporters of cocoa beans and gives no effect to the farmers.However, a better price mechanism between the farmers and the processors andthe presence of an effective farmer?s association or organization could be asolution to make the farmers gain benefit of the export tax imposition;This paper aims to answer a question regarding factors that can hinder thedevelopment of Indonesian cocoa processing industry. Specifically, the paper isintended to analyze the development of cocoa processing industries in Indonesiadue to the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans (raw material for cocoaprocessing products); how they respond and how the price distribution amongstakeholders.Qualitative and quantitative methods are applied in the analysis of this paper. Thequalitative analysis is used to see descriptively the pattern of the Indonesian cocoaexports, as the picture of the development of Indonesian cocoa processingindustry, and analyze the Indonesian cocoa-chocolate value chain, specifically theprocessing of cocoa in domestic market. Descriptive analysis is also done for thetrend of cocoa beans price to see the share of price and risk between stakeholdersin Indonesian cocoa value chain due to the imposition of export tax on cocoabeans and the changes in the world price of cocoa beans. Quantitative analysis isdone to see whether the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans affects thedevelopment of Indonesian cocoa processing industries, through export supply ofthe Indonesian cocoa products.Result of the analysis shows that insufficient supply of cocoa beans for domesticmarket, barriers in the form of import duty by the EU countries, and transportationproblems are the major problems that could hinder the development of Indonesiancocoa processing industry. The analysis also concludes that the introduction ofexport tax on cocoa beans is an effective regulation to decrease the dependence onthe export of raw material of cocoa exports and encourage the domesticprocessing of cocoa beans by increase the export of cocoa processing products. Inaddition, the imposition of the tax and fluctuation on the world price of cocoabeans is evaluated to be benefited for the government and the processors, butcauses loss on the exporters of cocoa beans and gives no effect to the farmers.However, a better price mechanism between the farmers and the processors andthe presence of an effective farmer?s association or organization could be asolution to make the farmers gain benefit of the export tax imposition;This paper aims to answer a question regarding factors that can hinder thedevelopment of Indonesian cocoa processing industry. Specifically, the paper isintended to analyze the development of cocoa processing industries in Indonesiadue to the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans (raw material for cocoaprocessing products); how they respond and how the price distribution amongstakeholders.Qualitative and quantitative methods are applied in the analysis of this paper. Thequalitative analysis is used to see descriptively the pattern of the Indonesian cocoaexports, as the picture of the development of Indonesian cocoa processingindustry, and analyze the Indonesian cocoa-chocolate value chain, specifically theprocessing of cocoa in domestic market. Descriptive analysis is also done for thetrend of cocoa beans price to see the share of price and risk between stakeholdersin Indonesian cocoa value chain due to the imposition of export tax on cocoabeans and the changes in the world price of cocoa beans. Quantitative analysis isdone to see whether the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans affects thedevelopment of Indonesian cocoa processing industries, through export supply ofthe Indonesian cocoa products.Result of the analysis shows that insufficient supply of cocoa beans for domesticmarket, barriers in the form of import duty by the EU countries, and transportationproblems are the major problems that could hinder the development of Indonesiancocoa processing industry. The analysis also concludes that the introduction ofexport tax on cocoa beans is an effective regulation to decrease the dependence onthe export of raw material of cocoa exports and encourage the domesticprocessing of cocoa beans by increase the export of cocoa processing products. Inaddition, the imposition of the tax and fluctuation on the world price of cocoabeans is evaluated to be benefited for the government and the processors, butcauses loss on the exporters of cocoa beans and gives no effect to the farmers.However, a better price mechanism between the farmers and the processors andthe presence of an effective farmer’s association or organization could be asolution to make the farmers gain benefit of the export tax imposition, This paper aims to answer a question regarding factors that can hinder thedevelopment of Indonesian cocoa processing industry. Specifically, the paper isintended to analyze the development of cocoa processing industries in Indonesiadue to the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans (raw material for cocoaprocessing products); how they respond and how the price distribution amongstakeholders.Qualitative and quantitative methods are applied in the analysis of this paper. Thequalitative analysis is used to see descriptively the pattern of the Indonesian cocoaexports, as the picture of the development of Indonesian cocoa processingindustry, and analyze the Indonesian cocoa-chocolate value chain, specifically theprocessing of cocoa in domestic market. Descriptive analysis is also done for thetrend of cocoa beans price to see the share of price and risk between stakeholdersin Indonesian cocoa value chain due to the imposition of export tax on cocoabeans and the changes in the world price of cocoa beans. Quantitative analysis isdone to see whether the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans affects thedevelopment of Indonesian cocoa processing industries, through export supply ofthe Indonesian cocoa products.Result of the analysis shows that insufficient supply of cocoa beans for domesticmarket, barriers in the form of import duty by the EU countries, and transportationproblems are the major problems that could hinder the development of Indonesiancocoa processing industry. The analysis also concludes that the introduction ofexport tax on cocoa beans is an effective regulation to decrease the dependence onthe export of raw material of cocoa exports and encourage the domesticprocessing of cocoa beans by increase the export of cocoa processing products. Inaddition, the imposition of the tax and fluctuation on the world price of cocoabeans is evaluated to be benefited for the government and the processors, butcauses loss on the exporters of cocoa beans and gives no effect to the farmers.However, a better price mechanism between the farmers and the processors andthe presence of an effective farmer’s association or organization could be asolution to make the farmers gain benefit of the export tax imposition]"