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"Agregasi platetet, suatu proses kompleks yang memainkan peran penting dalam mekanisme terjadinya penyakit-penyakit yang berkaitan dengan penyumbatan pembuluh darah, sangat dipengaruhi oleh kesetimbangan antara TXA2 dan PGI2 senyawa bioaktif yang saling antagonistis hasil metabolisme asam arakhidonat. Salah satu bahan alam yang diperkirakan memiliki aktivitas anti-agregasi platelet melalui kemampuannya mempengaruhi metabolisme asam arakhidonat (dan inhibisi aktivasi platelet) adalah andrografolid. Oksidasi gugus hidroksi dari andrografolid - langkah awal dari modifikasi kimiawi untuk mendekati struktur molekul pinusolid, senyawa aktif dari Biota orientalis, tanaman obat tradisional Korea yang memiliki efek anti-agregasi platelet kuat- ternyata menurunkan aktivitas inhibisi agregasi platelet, secara in-vitro. Hal ini terlihat dari konsentrasi penghambatan 50% (ICso) senyawa hasil oksidasi andrografolid (4,9608 mM) yang lebih besar dibanding ICso andrografolid (0,5469 mM), pada pengukuran dengan alat agregometer menurut Metode Born (1963). Oksidasi gugus hidroksi dari andrografolid juga menurunkan toksisitasnya. Hasil uji toksisitas dengan brine shrimp (Artemia salina) menunjukkan bahwa harga LC5o senyawa hasil oksidasi andrografolid (156,68 ppm) lebih besar dibanding LCso andrografolid(121,62 ppm)."

"Sambiloto atau Andrographis panniculata merupakan tanaman tradisional herbal yang yang banyak ditemui di Indonesia. Penelitian Biokimia tentang efek antioksidan zat berkhasiatnya belum banyak diteliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa aktivitas antimalaria ekstrak etanol sambiloto (EES) pada hati mencit yang diinfeksi dengan Plasmodium berghei melalui pengukuran kadar malondialdehid (MDA) dan glutation (GSH). Metode: Mencit jantan galur Balb/c dengan berat 28-30 g, 7-8 minggu, dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok secara acak, tiap kelompok terdiri atas 5 ekor mencit. Kelompok K: Kontrol, Kelompok A: kontrol negatif, Kelompok B: EES 2 mg/kgBB/hari selama 7 hari, C: klorokuin 10 mg/kgBB/hari selama 3 hari. MDA dan GSH diperiksa dengan metode spektrofotometri. Hasil: Terlihat kadar MDA hati yang lebih rendah pada kelompok perlakuan EES dan klorokuin, walaupun tidak berbeda bermakna dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol negatif (p≥0,05). Pada kelompok B dan C terlihat peningkatan kadar GSH dibandingkan kelompok kontrol negatif, kenaikan ini mendekati kadar kelompok kontrol. Pada pengujian statistik, tidak terlihat perbedaan yang bermakna antara kelompok K, B dan C (p≥0,05). Kesimpulan: EES dapat menurunkan kadar MDA dan meningkatkan kadar GSH pda hati mencit yang diinfeksi dengan Plasmodium berghei, walaupun hasil ini belum bermakna dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif. Untuk aktivitas yang lebih signifikan di hati diperlukan pemberian EES dengan dosis yang lebih tinggi dari 2 mg/kgBB.

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Andrographis paniculata is a traditional herb medicine usually used in Indonesia. The aim of this study were to determine the anti-malarial activity of ethanolic extract of sambiloto (EES) in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice through measuring the malondialdehyde MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels.

Methods: Male mice (Balb/c strain) with weight 28-30 g, 7-8 weeks old, were randomly devided into 4 groups of 5 animals each. Group K: control (nil), Group A: negative control, and 2 treatment groups (B, C). Group B: EES 2 mg/kgBW, once per day for 7 days, and group C: chloroquine 10 mg/kgBW, once a day, for 3 days. All treatment was administered orally.

Results: MDA level of liver occurs lower in the EES and chloroquine treatment groups, although is not significant with negative control group (p ≥ 0.05). In B and C groups shown the increase of GSH liver level compared to the negative control group, but the level is approaching control group. On statistical analysis, there is no significant difference seen between the control, B and C groups (p ≥ 0.05).

Conclusion: EES can reduce MDA level and increased GSH level in mice liver infected with Plasmodium berghei, although this result is not significant compared to the negative control. For the significant effect, need further investigation to find the appropriate dose for hepar tissue."

"The aim of this research is to get the best plant growth and optimal andrographolides content os sambiloto at various dosages of cow manure and plant densites....."

"Tanaman Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) memiliki banyak aktivitas farmakologi diantaranya sebagai antiinfeksi pada pernafasan atas, antiinfeksi gastrointestinal, antimalaria, immunostimulan, dan meningkatkan nafsu makan. Andrografolid, neoandrografolid, dan deoksiandrografolid memiliki rasa yang sangat pahit sehingga menjadi kendala apabila diberikan per oral terutama untuk anak-anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat mikrosfer ekstrak sambiloto menggunakan betasiklodekstrin untuk menutupi rasa pahit. Mikrosfer dibuat dalam tiga formula dengan perbandingan ekstrak sambiloto dan betasiklodekstrin sebesar 1:1, 1:5, dan 1:10. Evaluasi mikrosfer yang dilakukan meliputi distribusi ukuran partikel, efisiensi proses, kadar air, efesiensi penjerapan, dan uji sensori. Kandungan andrografolid ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode KLT densitometri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mikrosfer dari ketiga formula belum dapat menutupi rasa pahit dari ekstrak sambiloto tetapi hanya mengurangi rasa pahit."

"ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Sambiloto atau Andrographis panniculata merupakan sebuahtanaman herbal yang memiliki khasiat sebagai antimalaria dengan carameningkatkan kerja antioksidan dalam tubuh. Hati merupakan salah satu tempatterjadinya fase perkembangan Plasmodium pada penyakit malaria. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk menganalisis aktivitas antimalaria dari Ekstrak Etanol Sambiloto(EES) pada mencit yang diiinfeksi Plasmodium berghei secara in vivo melalupengukuran kadar MDA dan aktivitas spesifik katalase jaringan hati.Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimental in vivomenggunakan hewan coba mencit Balb/c. Metode penelitian dilakukan denganmengelompokkan mencit ke dalam empat kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol yangtidak diberi perlakuan, kelompok I yang diinduksi Plasmodium berghei tetapitidak diterapi, kelompok II yang diinduksi Plasmodium berghei dan diberi EES 2mg/kgBB serta kelompok III yang diinduksi Plasmodium berghei dan diberiklorokuin 10 mg/kgBB selama 3 hari. Analisis kadar MDA dilakukan denganmetode Wills dan aktivitas spesifik katalase dengan metode Mates et al.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi penurunan kadar MDA yang tidaksignifikan pada mencit yang diinfeksi dengan Plasmodium berghei dan diberiekstrak etanol sambiloto (EES) 2 mg/kgBB dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif(66.49 ± 22,92 vs 69.40 ± 11,69 nmol/g jaringan hati). Namun pada kelompokyang diberi perlakuan klorokuin juga terlihat penurunan kadar MDA yang tidaksignifikan dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif (67.49 ± 7,04 vs 69.40 ± 11,69nmol/g jaringan hati). Sedangkan aktivitas spesifik katalase kelompok yang diberiEES menunjukkan peningkatan yang tidak berbeda bermakna dibandingkandengan kelompok kontrol (2,73 ± 0,59 vs 3,73 ± 1.56 Unit/mg jaringan hati).Begitupula dengan klorokuin yang menunjukkan peningkatan aktivitas spesifikkatalase yang tidak berbeda bermakna dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol(2,97 ± 1,53 vs 3,73 ± 1.56).Kesimpulan: Pada kelompok dengan pemberian EES 2 mg/kgBB terjadipenurunan kadar MDA serta peningkatan aktivitas spesifik katalase jaringan hatimencit dibandingkan dengan kelompok negatif, tetapi secara statistik tidakbermakna demikian pula dengan kelompok yang diberi klorokuin.

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ABSTRACTIntroduction: Andrographis panniculata or Sambiloto is a herbal plant that hasantimalarial efficacy by increasing antioxidant in body. Liver is one of the placesfor Plasmodium to develop themselves in malaria. This research aims to analyzethe activity of antimalarial from Sambiloto Ethanol Extract (SEE) in mice whichinfected by Plasmodium berghei in vivo through the measurement of MDA leveland the specific activity of catalase in liver tissue.Method: We used experimental in vivo as the reserach design, using balb/c. Theresearch design is done by grouping the mices into four groups which of theuntreated group, group I-induced by Plasmodium berghei but not treated, groupII-induced Plasmodium berghei and treated with SEE 2 mg/kg Body weight,group III-induced Plasmodium berghei and treated with chloroquine with 10mg/kg Body weight in three days. The MDA level analyze is done by the Willsmethod and the specific activity of catalase with Mates et al method.Result: The research result showed the decrease of MDA level which notsignificant in mice that is infected by Plasmodium berghei and treated by SEE 2mg/ kg BW compared to negative control (66.49 ± 22,92 vs 69.40 ± 11,69 nmol/gliver tissue). However, group that is infected by Plasmodium berghei and treatedby chloroquine also showed the decrease of MDA level which not significantcompared the negative control (67.49 ± 7,04 vs 69.40 ± 11,69 nmol/g liver tissue).Instead, group which treated by SEE showed the increase in specific activity ofcatalase compared with control (2,73 ± 0,59 vs 3,73 ± 1.56 Unit/mg liver tissue).Similarly with chloroquine group which showed an increase in specific activity ofcatalase were not significantly different compared with the control group (2.97 ±1.53 vs 3.73 ± 1.56 Unit/mg liver tissue).Conclusion: Group that treated with SEE 2 mg/kg Body weight showed decreaseof MDA level and also the increase of catalase specific activity in mice liver tissuecompared negative control, but statistically not significant as well as the groupgiven chloroquine;Introduction: Andrographis panniculata or Sambiloto is a herbal plant that hasantimalarial efficacy by increasing antioxidant in body. Liver is one of the placesfor Plasmodium to develop themselves in malaria. This research aims to analyzethe activity of antimalarial from Sambiloto Ethanol Extract (SEE) in mice whichinfected by Plasmodium berghei in vivo through the measurement of MDA leveland the specific activity of catalase in liver tissue.Method: We used experimental in vivo as the reserach design, using balb/c. Theresearch design is done by grouping the mices into four groups which of theuntreated group, group I-induced by Plasmodium berghei but not treated, groupII-induced Plasmodium berghei and treated with SEE 2 mg/kg Body weight,group III-induced Plasmodium berghei and treated with chloroquine with 10mg/kg Body weight in three days. The MDA level analyze is done by the Willsmethod and the specific activity of catalase with Mates et al method.Result: The research result showed the decrease of MDA level which notsignificant in mice that is infected by Plasmodium berghei and treated by SEE 2mg/ kg BW compared to negative control (66.49 ± 22,92 vs 69.40 ± 11,69 nmol/gliver tissue). However, group that is infected by Plasmodium berghei and treatedby chloroquine also showed the decrease of MDA level which not significantcompared the negative control (67.49 ± 7,04 vs 69.40 ± 11,69 nmol/g liver tissue).Instead, group which treated by SEE showed the increase in specific activity ofcatalase compared with control (2,73 ± 0,59 vs 3,73 ± 1.56 Unit/mg liver tissue).Similarly with chloroquine group which showed an increase in specific activity ofcatalase were not significantly different compared with the control group (2.97 ±1.53 vs 3.73 ± 1.56 Unit/mg liver tissue).Conclusion: Group that treated with SEE 2 mg/kg Body weight showed decreaseof MDA level and also the increase of catalase specific activity in mice liver tissuecompared negative control, but statistically not significant as well as the groupgiven chloroquine;Introduction: Andrographis panniculata or Sambiloto is a herbal plant that hasantimalarial efficacy by increasing antioxidant in body. Liver is one of the placesfor Plasmodium to develop themselves in malaria. This research aims to analyzethe activity of antimalarial from Sambiloto Ethanol Extract (SEE) in mice whichinfected by Plasmodium berghei in vivo through the measurement of MDA leveland the specific activity of catalase in liver tissue.Method: We used experimental in vivo as the reserach design, using balb/c. Theresearch design is done by grouping the mices into four groups which of theuntreated group, group I-induced by Plasmodium berghei but not treated, groupII-induced Plasmodium berghei and treated with SEE 2 mg/kg Body weight,group III-induced Plasmodium berghei and treated with chloroquine with 10mg/kg Body weight in three days. The MDA level analyze is done by the Willsmethod and the specific activity of catalase with Mates et al method.Result: The research result showed the decrease of MDA level which notsignificant in mice that is infected by Plasmodium berghei and treated by SEE 2mg/ kg BW compared to negative control (66.49 ± 22,92 vs 69.40 ± 11,69 nmol/gliver tissue). However, group that is infected by Plasmodium berghei and treatedby chloroquine also showed the decrease of MDA level which not significantcompared the negative control (67.49 ± 7,04 vs 69.40 ± 11,69 nmol/g liver tissue).Instead, group which treated by SEE showed the increase in specific activity ofcatalase compared with control (2,73 ± 0,59 vs 3,73 ± 1.56 Unit/mg liver tissue).Similarly with chloroquine group which showed an increase in specific activity ofcatalase were not significantly different compared with the control group (2.97 ±1.53 vs 3.73 ± 1.56 Unit/mg liver tissue).Conclusion: Group that treated with SEE 2 mg/kg Body weight showed decreaseof MDA level and also the increase of catalase specific activity in mice liver tissuecompared negative control, but statistically not significant as well as the groupgiven chloroquine"

"[Pada penelitian ini, telah diuji pengaruh pemberian kombinasi ekstrak sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees) dan spirulina (Arthrosphira platensis Gomont) terhadap persen parasitemia, persen survival, jumlah eritrosit dan kadar hemoglobin serta persen apoptosis sel limpa pada mencit yang diinfeksi P. berghei. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan rancangan acak lengkap menggunakan 75 ekor mencit strain Swiss Webster. Kelompok uji terdiri dari kelompok AP, AP+ES, AP+PS, CMC dan DHP. Seluruh mencit diinfeksi Plasmodium berghei pada hari ke 0. Ekstrak bahan uji diberikan 3 hari sebelum diinfeksi (H-3) dansetiap hari selama 28 hari setelah infeksi. Data parasitemia diambil pada hari ke-3,7,10,15,21 dan 28. Sedangkan data jumlah eritrosit dan kadar Hb diambil pada hari ke 3, 10 dan 21. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan uji Anova satu arah yang dilanjutkan dengan uji post hoc. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi powder spirulina dan ekstrak sambiloto (AP+PS) memberikan hasil yang berbeda bermakna dalam menekan persen parasitemia (p=0,02), meningkatkan jumlah eritrosit (p=0,03) dan kadar hemoglobin (p=0,01) pada puncak infeksi, dibanding kelompok yang diberi sambiloto saja (AP). Pemberian ekstrak sambiloto dan atau tanpa spirulina dapat menurunkan persen apoptosis sel limpa secara bermakna (AP p= 0,001; AP+ES p= 0,000; AP+PS p= 0,000) dibanding dengan kelompok CMC pada puncak infeksi.;Effect of a combination of extracts of sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees)and spirulina (Arthrosphira platensis Gomont) had been investigated decrease the number of parasitemia, increase erythrocytes count, level of hemoglobin and apoptosis of spleen cell in P. berghei infected mice. This study was conducted by employing a complete random design using 75 Swiss Webster mice. The test group consisted of groups of AP, AP + ES, AP + PS, DHP and CMC. All mice were infected with P. berghei on day 0. Material test given 3 days prior to infection (D-3) and for 28 consecutives days orally after infection. Data of parasitemia, taken on D3, 10,15, 21 and 28 while erythrocytes count, and level of hemoglobin taken on D3,10 and 21. Data processed by one way Anova test followed by post hoc test. Results showed that the combination of extract ofsambiloto and spirulina powder (AP + PS) was significant in suppressing the number of parasitemia (p = 0.02), increase of erythrocytes (p = 0.03) and level of hemoglobin (p = 0.01) in the peak of infection, compared with the group given only sambiloto (AP). Combination of sambiloto extract and or without spirulina had been significant in decrease apoptosis of spleen cell, (AP p= 0,001; AP+ES p= 0,000; AP+PS p= 0,000) compared with group of CMC, Effect of a combination of extracts of sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees)and spirulina (Arthrosphira platensis Gomont) had been investigated decrease thenumber of parasitemia, increase erythrocytes count, level of hemoglobin andapoptosis of spleen cell in P. berghei infected mice. This study was conducted byemploying a complete random design using 75 Swiss Webster mice. The testgroup consisted of groups of AP, AP + ES, AP + PS, DHP and CMC. All micewere infected with P. berghei on day 0. Material test given 3 days prior toinfection (D-3) and for 28 consecutives days orally after infection. Data ofparasitemia, taken on D3, 10,15, 21 and 28 while erythrocytes count, and level ofhemoglobin taken on D3,10 and 21. Data processed by one way Anova testfollowed by post hoc test. Results showed that the combination of extract ofsambiloto and spirulina powder (AP + PS) was significant in suppressing thenumber of parasitemia (p = 0.02), increase of erythrocytes (p = 0.03) and level ofhemoglobin (p = 0.01) in the peak of infection, compared with the group givenonly sambiloto (AP). Combination of sambiloto extract and or without spirulinahad been significant in decrease apoptosis of spleen cell, (AP p= 0,001; AP+ESp= 0,000; AP+PS p= 0,000) compared with group of CMC]"

"ABSTRAKbelakang: Sambiloto Andrographis paniculata Ness. telah digunakan secara luas sebagai obat tradisional. Tanaman ini mempunyai potensi sebagai antikanker. Andrografolida sebagai senyawa aktif utama sambiloto telah terbukti bersifat sitotoksik terhadap berbagai jenis sel kanker. Evaluasi toksisitas penting dilakukan untuk memastikan keamanan andrografolida dan tanaman sambiloto. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efek andrografolida dan ekstrak/fraksi sambiloto terhadap viabilitas, siklus, serta faktor transkripsi diferensiasi sel punca mesenkimal asal sumsum tulang manusia bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells/BMMSC menjadi osteoblas. Metode: Penilaian efek andrografolida dan fraksi etil asetat sambiloto FEAS terhadap viabilitas, siklus sel serta tingkat ekspresi mRNA CDK4 dan p21 dilakukan dengan memaparkan andrografolida konsentrasi 5, 10 dan 15 g/mL dan FEAS konsentrasi 20, 40 dan 60 g/mL selama 12, 24 dan 36 jam. Viabilitas sel diperiksa berdasarkan prinsip reduksi garam formazan WST-8, analisa siklus sel menggunakan flow cytometer dan tingkat ekspresi mRNA dengan quantitative RT-PCR. Penilaian terhadap diferensiasi osteoblas dilakukan dengan menginduksi BMMSC dengan medium osteogenik disertai pemberian andrografolida konsentrasi 5 dan 10 g/mL serta FEAS konsentrasi 20 dan 40 g/mL selama 7, 14 dan 21 hari, kemudian dinilai intensitas pewarnaan alizarin red AR , kadar deposit kalsium ekstraseluler serta tingkat ekspresi runx2 dan osterik. Hasil: Andrografolida dan FEAS menurunkan viabilitas BMMSC sesuai tingkatan konsentrasi dan waktu paparan. Kedua bahan uji tersebut menghambat proliferasi BMMSC dengan meningkatkan secara bermakna persentase populasi sel pada fase G1 dan menurunkan populasi sel yang memasuki fase S dan G2 siklus sel pada paparan 24 jam. Tidak terdapat efek terhadap tingkat ekspresi mRNA CDK4 namun ekspresi mRNA p21 meningkat bermakna. Andrografolida dan FEAS menurunkan intensitas warna merah AR, kadar matriks kalsium ekstraseluler dan ekspresi mRNA runx2 secara bermakna, namun meningkatkan ekspresi mRNA osterik pada proses diferensiasi BMMSC menjadi osteoblas Kesimpulan: Andrografolida konsentrasi 5, 10 dan 15 g/mL maupun fraksi etil asetat sambiloto konsentrasi 20, 40 da 60 g/mL mempunyai efek toksik terhadap viabilitas, proliferasi dan diferensiasi osteoblas pada BMMSC secara in vitro. Kata kunci : Andrografolida, Andrographis paniculata, BMMSC, siklus sel, osteoblas.

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Background: Sambiloto Andrographis paniculata Ness./AP , has been used extensively as a traditional medicine. Andrographolide as the main active component of this plant showed cytotoxic activity in vitro on various type of cancer cells line. Toxicity evaluation is important to ensure the safety of andrographolide and this bitter plant. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of andrographolide and the extract of AP on viability, cell cycle, and transcription factors of osteoblast differentiation on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells BMMSC Methods: BMMSC were treated with andrographolide at 5, 10 and 15 ?g/mL and ethyl acetate fraction of AP EAFA at 20, 40 and 60 ?g/mL for 12, 24 and 36 hours. The cells viability was assessed using tetrazolium salt WST-8 assay, the cell cycle was evaluated using flow cytometer with propidium iodide DNA?binding fluorescent dyes and the expression of CDK4 mRNA and p21 was analyzed by RT-PCR. Further examination was investigated the effects of the compounds on the osteogenic differentiation of BMMSC. The cells were cultured on osteogenic medium and treated with andrographolide at 5 and 10 ?g/mL and EAFA at 20 and 40 ?g/mL for 7, 14 and 21 days. The matrix mineralization was assessed by alizarin red-s staining AR , the semi-quantification of calcium was determined by acetic acid extraction of calcium binding AR and the expression of runx2 and osterix were analysed by RT-PCR Results: This research was revealed that andrographolide and EAFA decreased the cell viability, arrested the cell cycle at G1 phase, and up regulated the expression of mRNA p21. Moreover andrographolide and EAFA supplementation decreased the intensity of AR and calcium deposition on cell culture. The expression of transcriptor factors runx2 was down regulated while osterix was up regulated. Conclusion: Andrographolide at 20, 40 and 60 ?g/mL and EAFA at 20, 40 and 60 ?g/mL showed potentially toxic on cell viability, arrested cell cycle and impaired osteoblast differentiation of BMMSC in vitro. "

"Latar Belakang. Kanker payudara merupakan jenis kanker dengan prevalensi yang cukup tinggi di dunia. Pada saat ini, pengobatan kanker payudara masih memiliki banyak efek samping yang mengganggu bagi pasien kanker. Oleh karena itu, tanaman herbal banyak diteliti untuk mengetahui efek antikanker. Andrographis paniculata (AP) merupakan salah satu tanaman herbal yang diketahui memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dan antikanker karena mengandung metabolit sekunder. Kandungan metabolit sekunder banyak dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal dan eksternal, termasuk lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan aktivitas antioksidan dan antikanker dari ekstrak AP dari Kebun Herbal B2P2TOOT Tawangmangu dan Kebun Biofarmaka Bogor. Metode. Uji antioksidan dilakukan dengan DPPH assay dengan vitamin C sebagai kontrol positif. Uji antikanker dilakukan dengan MTT assay pada sel model MCF-7 dengan doxorubicin sebagai kontrol positif. Hasil. Uji antioksidan ekstrak AP dari Kebun Herbal B2P2TOOT memiliki IC50 187,662±38,941 ppm sedangkan dari Kebun Biofarmaka Bogor memiliki IC50 256,823±32,353 ppm dengan kontrol positif vitamin C memiliki IC50 0,572±0,0003 ppm. Uji antikanker ekstrak AP dari Kebun Herbal B2P2TOOT memiliki IC50 24,898±4,785 ppm sedangkan dari Kebun Biofarmaka Bogor memiliki IC50 130,057±18,752 ppm dengan kontrol positif doxorubicin memiliki IC50 25,123±6,088 ppm. Kesimpulan. Ekstrak AP dari Kebun B2P2TOOT memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dan antikanker yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan ekstrak AP dari Kebun Biofarmaka Bogor. Hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh perbedaan jumlah metabolit sekunder pada kedua ekstrak yang dipengaruhi oleh kondisi geografis dan perawatan tanaman.

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Introduction. Breast cancer is a type of cancer with a high prevalence in the world. Currently, breast cancer treatment still has many serious side effects for the patients. Therefore, herbal plants have been widely studied to determine their anticancer effects. Andrographis paniculata (AP) is a herbal plant that is known to have antioxidant and anticancer activity because it contains plenty of secondary metabolites. However, the content of secondary metabolites is influenced by internal and external factors, including the environment. This study aims to determine the differences in antioxidant and anticancer activity of AP extracts from the Tawangmangu B2P2TOOT Herbal Garden and the Bogor Biofarmaka Garden. Method. The antioxidant test was carried out using the DPPH assay with vitamin C as a positive control. The anticancer test was carried out by MTT assay on MCF-7 model cells with doxorubicin as a positive control. Results. The antioxidant test of the AP extract from the B2P2TOOT Herbal Garden had an IC50 value of 187.662±38.941 ppm while the one from the Bogor Biofarmaka Garden had an IC50 values of 256.823±32.353 ppm with the positive control vitamin C having an IC50 values of 0.572±0.0003 ppm. The anticancer test for AP extract from the B2P2TOOT Herbal Garden had an IC50 values of 24,898±4,785 ppm, while that from the Bogor Biofarmaka Garden had an IC50 of 130,057±18,752 ppm with the positive control doxorubicin having an IC50 values of 25,123±6,088 ppm. Conclusion. The AP extract from the B2P2TOOT Garden has better antioxidant and anticancer activity compared to the AP extract from the Bogor Biopharmaca Garden. This could be caused by differences in the concentration of secondary metabolites in the two extracts which are influenced by geographical conditions and plant care."

"Ekstrak Andrographis paniculata dan Curcuma domestica mempunyai banyak aktivitas farmakologi sehingga sudah mulai dikembangkan produk sediaan herbal yang mengandung campuran ekstrak herbal tersebut. Oleh sebab itu, perlu dikembangkan suatu metode kontrol kualitas untuk menjamin efek terapi yang konsisten dari sediaan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh kondisi optimum untuk analisis kuantitatif senyawa aktif campuran ekstrak herbal tersebut secara simultan.dengan menggunakan metode kromatografi lapis tipis densitometri. Senyawa yang ditetapkan kadarnya adalah andrografolid dan kurkuminoid.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan fase gerak terbaik adalah kloroform-metanol (9:1). Metode ini mempunyai linearitas, presisi, dan perolehan kembali yang cukup baik. Batas deteksi andrografolid dan kurkuminoid adalah 79,54 ng dan 390,69 ng. Batas kuantitasi andrografolid dan kurkuminoid adalah 265,13 ng dan 1.302,29 ng.

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Andrographis paniculata and Curcuma domestica extracts have various pharmacological activities so that many herbal medicinal preparation contain the mixtures of these extracts. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a quality control method in order to ensure its consistent therapeutic effect. This research tried to find optimum condition for quantitative analysis of bioactive compounds in these herbal mixtures simultaneously using thin layer chromatography densitometry method. Those compounds are andro- grapholide and curcuminoid.The result showed that chloroform-methanol (9:1) is the best mobile phase. This method has quite good linearity, precision, and recovery. The limit of detection for andrographolide and curcuminoid are 79,54 ng and 390,69 ng. The limit of quantitation for andrographolide and curcuminoid are 265,13 ng and 1.302,29 ng."

"Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees.) secara empiris telah digunakan sebagai obat alternatif untuk berbagai penyakit termasuk diabetes mellitus. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis efek hipoglikemik kapsul sambiloto sebagai terapi tambahan pada penyandang diabetes melitus tipe 2. Double-blind randomized controlled trial cross-over desain pada 34 subyek dibagi menjadi dua kelompok. Kelompok pertama sambiloto mendapat 2 kali 2 kapsul sehari selama 14 hari, dan kelompok kedua mendapat plasebo selama 14 hari. Kedua kelompok tetap menggunakan metformin sebagai terapi standar kemudian dievaluasi kadar glukosa darah pasca terapi 14 hari. Pada pemberian kapsul sambiloto selama 14 hari tampak penurunan kadar glukosa darah puasa lebih besar dibandingkan plasebo, tetapi tidak bermakna. Kapsul sambiloto bermakna menurunkan kadar glukosa darah 2 jam setelah makan. Kesimpulan: Kapsul sambiloto dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah namun bermakna secara statistik hanya 2 jam setelah makan.

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Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees.) is empirically used as an alternative medicine for various diseases including diabetes mellitus, but the scientific evident for treatment in humans is still limited. This study analyze the effects of hypoglycemic sambiloto capsules as additional therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Double-blind randomized controlled trial, cross-over design in 34 subjects who were divided into two groups. The first groups sambiloto received 2 capsules 2 times daily for 14 days, and the second groups received placebo for 14 days. Both groups kept taking metformin as standard therapy with an the evaluation of blood glucose levels on day 14. The results showed that administration of sambiloto capsules for 14 days, the blood glucose levels is greater compared to placebo but not significantly. Sambiloto capsules significantly reduced blood glucose 2 hours after eating. Conclusions: sambiloto capsules shown to reduced blood glucose levels, but statistically significant only in 2 hours after eating."