Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Pematangan spermatozoa di epididimis terjadi melalui interaksi antara spermatozoa dengan protein yang disekresikan oleh sel epitel yang melapisi duktus epididimis. Sekresi protein tersebut menciptakan microenvironment yang diregulasi oleh gen-gen tertentu. Studi sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa gen yang terlibat dalam pematangan spermatozoa pada umumnya terekspresi secara spesifik di epididimis dan dipengaruhi oleh androgen. Spink2 merupakan salah satu gen yang terekspresi di epididimis, namun regulasi ekspresinya masih belum diketahui. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkarakterisasi ekspresi dan regulasi gen Spink2 pada epididimis mencit jantan.Metode: Analisis secara in silico digunakan untuk mengetahui struktur gen dan prediksi sinyal peptida, serta domain fungsional gen Spink2. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR digunakan dalam mengukur ekspresi relatif gen Spink2 pada analisis spesifisitas jaringan, ketergantungan terhadap androgen dan faktor testikuler, serta post-natal development.Hasil: Spink2 termasuk dalam famili serine protease inhibitor yang ditandai dengan adanya domain Kazal type 2. Analisis signal peptide menunjukkan bahwa Spink2 merupakan protein sekretori. Spink2 terekspresi di testis dan epididimis, dengan ekspresi tertinggi berada di kaput epididimis. Ekspresi Spink2 pada mencit yang digonadektomi mengalami peningkatan setelah 6 jam, kemudian menurun mulai dari hari ke-1 hingga hari ke-5. Pemberian testosteron mampu mempertahankan ekspresi Spink2 pada 3 dan 5 hari setelah gonadektomi. Selain itu, pada analisis pengaruh faktor testikuler, ekspresi Spink2 menunjukkan adanya regulasi dari faktor testikuler pada semua kelompok setelah dilakukan efferent duct ligation EDL . Spink2 menujukkan regulasi post-natal yakni mulai terekspresi pada umur mendekati 22 hari.Kesimpulan: SPINK2 merupakan protein sekretori yang terekspresi pada kaput epididimis, serta diregulasi oleh androgen dan faktor testikuler. Spink2 tidak terekspresi secara konstitutif. Berdasarkan data tersebut Spink2 sangat berpotensi terlibat dalam proses pematangan spermatozoa di epididimis. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengkonfirmasi potensi tersebut.

---

ABSTRACTBackground Sperm maturation in the epididymis occurs through interactions between sperm and proteins secreted by epithelium cells lining the epididymal duct. The secretion of these proteins creates a microenvironment that is regulated by certain genes. Previous studies showed that genes which are involved in sperm maturation process are expressed specifically in the epididymis and regulated by androgen. Spink2 is one of the epididymal genes, but the regulation of its expression is still unknown. Therefore, this study was aimed to characterize Spink2 expression and its regulation in the mouse epididymis.Method s In silico analysis was performed to determine the gene structure and identify the signal peptide, as well as the functional domain of Spink2. Quantitative real time RT PCR was performed to measure relative expression of Spink2 in the analyses of the tissue specificity, androgen dependency, testicular factor and post natal development.Result s Spink2 belongs to the serine protease inhibitor family which is characterized by the presence of Kazal type 2 domain. Signal peptide analysis showed that Spink2 amino acid sequence contains a signal peptide, indicating Spink2 is a secretory protein. Spink2 was expressed specifically in the testis and epididymis, with the highest level of its expression was in the epididymal caput. Spink2 expression increased after six hours and started to decrease on day 1 throughout day 5. Interestingly, administration of exogenous testosterone was able to maintain expression at the physiological level. In addition, Spink2 was slightly affected by testicular factors. During post natal development, Spink2 start to be expressed at day 22 before increased dramatically throughout day 60.Conclusion s Spink2 is a secretory protein that is expressed in caput region of the mouse epididymis and regulated by androgen. Spink2 is not constitutively expressed throughout development. Based on our data, may be involved in epididiymal sperm maturation process. Further studies are required to confirm its role. "

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang : Proses pematangan spermatozoa terjadi melalui interaksi spermatozoa dengan protein yang disekresikan ke lumen oleh sel-sel epitel epididimis. Sekresi protein akan menciptakan lingkungan yang mendukung proses pematangan spermatozoa. Namun gen penyandi protein yang terlibat dalam proses pematangan spermatozoa di epididmis masih belum banyak diketahui. Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya, gen-gen yang terlibat dalam proses pematangan spermatozoa ini memiliki kriteria antara lain protein sekretori, terekspresi spesifik di epididimis, dan menunjukkan eskpresi regional, diregulasi oleh faktor androgen dan faktor testikular. Defb30 merupakan salah satu gen yang perlu dilakukan karakterisasi lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui apakah gen tersebut memenuhi kriteria sebagai gen yang terlibat dalam proses pematangan spermatozoa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan karakterisasi gen Defb30 pada epididimis mencit.Desain : Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis bioinformatika dan Quantitative real-time PCR qRT-PCR .Metode : Analisis bioinformatika digunakan untuk memprediksi struktur gen, sinyal peptida dan domain fungsional. Analisis qRT-PCR digunakan untuk mengukur ekspresi relatif gen Defb30 terhadap analisis sebaran jaringan, regulasi terhadap androgen dan faktor testikular serta postnatal development.Hasil : Analisis sinyal peptida menggunakan signalP 4.1 menunjukkan bahwa Defb30 merupakan protein sekretori. Defb30 terekspresi secara spesifik di epididimis dan memiliki nilai spesifitas tinggi di bagian kaput epididimis. Ekspresi relatif gen Defb30 diregulasi oleh faktor endokrin berupa androgen, penurunan ekspresi relatif gen Defb30 terlihat pada hari pertama hingga hari ketiga gonadektomi dan testosteron diketahui mampu mencegah penurunan ekspresi Defb30 pada mencit yang telah digonadektomi. Analisis eksperimen efferent duct ligation menunjukkan gen Defb30 diregulasi oleh faktor testikular. Analisis postnatal development menunjukkan bahwa gen Defb30 mulai terekspresi pada hari ke-15 postnatal dan meningkat hingga usia dewasa.Kesimpulan : Defb30 merupakan protein sekretori yang terekspresi spesifik pada kaput epididimis dan diregulasi oleh androgen dan faktor testikluar.

---

ABSTRACTBackground The process of sperm maturation occurs through interaction between sperm and proteins secreted by epididymal epithelial cells. The secretion of proteins will create micro environment suitable for spermmaturation. However, the role of protein encoding genes involved in the maturation process are not widely known. Based on previous studies the genes that are involved in spermmaturation process have characteristics such as secretory protein, specific expression in the epididymis and shows region specific expression, regulated by androgen and testicular factors. Defb30 is one of the genes that need further characterization to determine the putative function. Therefore, this study was aimed to characterize expression and regulation of Defb30 in the mouse epididymis.Methods Bioinformatics analysis was used to predict the structure of genes, peptide signals and functional domains. qRT PCR analysis was performed to measure the level of Defb30 expressionin the tissue distribution, regulation of andorgen and testicular factors and postnatal development.Result Peptide signal analysis using signalP 4.1 indicated that Defb30 was a secretory protein. Defb30 was expressed exclusively in the epididymis and had a high specificity in the caput. The expression of the Defb30 gene was regulated by androgen in which decreased of Defb30 expression was observed at the first day to the third day of gonadectomy and exogenous T was able to maintain Defb30 expression at 3d and 5d gonadectomized mice. efferent duct ligation showed that Defb30 was slightly regulated by testicular factors. Defb30 was developmentally regulated being expressed start at day 15 postnataly.Conclusions Defb30 is a secretory protein which is expressed specifically in the caput epididymis and it is regulated by androgen and testicular factors. "

"

Latar Belakang: Beberapa gen yang terekspresi spesfik di epididimis diduga

terlibat dalam proses pematangan sperma. Karakteristik gen yang terlibat dalampematangan sperma selain ekspresinya spesifik di epididimis juga dipengaruhioleh androgen, faktor testikuler, dan terekspresi pada saat masa pubertas. Salahsatu famili gen yang cukup banyak ditemukan terekspresi di epididimis adalahBeta Defensin. Gen Beta Defensin diketahui memiliki peran sebagai pertahananterhadap mikroba, namun diduga memiliki keterlibatan dalam proses pematangansperma karena ekspresinya banyak ditemukan di epididimis. Oleh karena itu,penelitian pada gen Beta Defensin terhadap perannya dalam proses pematangansperma perlu dilakukan. Berdasarkan studi sebelumnya diketahui bahwa salahsatu gen Beta Defensin yang terekspresi di epididimis yaitu Beta Defensin 2(Defb2), namun karakterisasi terhadap gen ini belum dilakukan. Dengandemikian, pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi gen Defb2 terkaitdengan perannya pada proses pematangan sperma.Metode: Analisis bioinformatika digunakan untuk mendapatkan informasi

mengenai struktur gen, signal peptide, dan domain fungsional pada gen Defb2.

Analisis qRT-PCR untuk mengetahui ekspresi relatif gen Defb2 pada berbagai

jaringan, regulasinya oleh androgen, pengaruh dari faktor testikular dan

ekspresinya pada perkembangan postnatal.Hasil: Defb2 merupakan protein sekretori karena memiliki signal peptide. Defb2

memiliki domain fungsional berupa N-myristoylation dan protein kinase-C. Gen

Defb2 terekspresi spesifik di epididimis khususnya pada bagian caput epididimis.

Defb2 ekspresinya dipengaruhi oleh androgen terbukti setelah perlakuan

gonadektomi, ekspresi Defb2 menjadi menurun dan kembali mengalami kenaikan

ketika diberikan testosteron eksogen. Defb2 juga ekspresinya dipengaruhi oleh

faktor testikuler terbukti setelah diberi perlakuan Efferent Duct Ligation (EDL)

maka ekspresi Defb2 langsung menurun bahkan terjadi apoptosis sel sehingga

pola ekspresi gen Defb2 sudah tidak bisa diamati. Begitu juga pada analisis

postnatal development terlihat ekspresi gen Defb2 mulai terdeteksi jelas pada hari

ke-15 yang merupakan masa pubertas mencit jantan.Kesimpulan: Defb2 merupakan gen yang terlibat dalam proses pematangan

sperma di epididimis yang dibuktikan dengan ekspresi spesifik di epididimis,

diregulasi oleh androgen dan faktor testikuler, serta mulai terekspresi pada masa

pubertas.

---

Background: Some of the specific genes expression in the epididymis are

suspected to be involved in the process of sperm maturation. Characteristics of thegenes involved in sperm maturation in the epididymis-specific expression inaddition also influenced by androgens, testicular factors, and expressed at the timeof puberty. One of a family of genes that is pretty much found expressed in theepididymis is a Beta Defensins. Beta Defensin genes known to have a role as adefence against microbes, but suspected to have involvement in the process ofsperm maturation because the expression is found in the epididymis. Therefore,research on Beta Defensin genes against its role in sperm maturation processneeds to be done. Based on previous studies it is known that one of the BetaDefensin genes which expressed in the epididymis that is Beta Defensins 2(Defb2), but the characterization of this gene has not been made against. Thus,this research aims to characterize genes associated with the Defb2 role in theprocess of sperm maturation.Methods: Bioinformatics analysis was used to obtain information about the

structure of genes, signal peptides, and functional domains of the Defb2 gene.

qRT-PCR analysis to find out the relative gene expression of Defb2 on various

tissue, regulation by androgens, the effect of testicular factors and its expression

in postnatal development.Results: Defb2 is a secreted protein because it has signal peptides. Defb2 has a

functional domain in the form of N-myristoylation and kinase-C protein. Specific

genes expression of Defb2 in the epididymis is especially in the caput epididymis.

Defb2 expression influenced by androgens is proven after the gonadectomy, the

expression of Defb2 to be decreased and start increase again when exogenous

testosterone is given. Defb2 also its expression influenced by testicular factors

that proven after being given the treatment by Efferent Duct Ligation (EDL), then

the Defb2 expressions directly decreased and the cell apoptosis occurs even so

that the pattern of gene expression Defb2 already could not be observed. So also

on analysis of postnatal development seen gene expression Defb2 begins to be

detected clearly at day 15 which is a male mice puberty.Conclusions: Defb2 is a gene which is involved in the process of maturation of

sperm in the epididymis that is evidenced by specific expression in the

epididymis, be regulated by androgens and testicular factors, and as well as start

expressed at puberty.

"

"Produksi androgen yang berlebihan menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan pada kulit wanita berupa hirsutisme dan akne. Pemberian hormon antiandrogen seperti siproteron asetat dapat menghilangkan dampak kelebihan androgen terhadap kulit. Kerontokan rambut juga dapat disebabkan oleh hormon androgen yang tinggi dan kadar estrogen yang rendah. Pemberian hormon antiandrogen dan pemberian hormon estrogen dapat mengurangi kerontokan rambut. Virilisasi yang meliputi pertumbuhan rambut lebat, pembesaran klitoris, perubahan suara, hipertrofi otot dan hipoplasia payudara juga disebabkan oleh hiperandrogenemia dan pemberian antiandrogen dapat menghilangkan dampak virilisasi. Sebaliknya, kekurangan hormon androgen berkaitan dengan timbulnya selulit, sedangkan testosteron topikal dapat menghilangkan selulit. Disimpulkan bahwa abnormalitas kulit dan atau kerontokan rambut berhubungan dengan pemberian hormon androgen pada wanita. Pengobatan dengan hormon antiandrogen dapat mengurangi atau menyembuhkan kelainan tersebut. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 258-63)

---

Excessive androgen production may cause changes in female skin, such as hirsutism and acne. The administration of antiadrogenic hormone such as cyproteron acetate, may eliminate the hyperandrogenic effect on the skin. Hairloss may also caused either by hyperandrogenemia or by low estrogen level. The administration of either antiandrogen or estrogen may reduce hairloss. Virilization, which includes excessive growth of hair and clitoris enlargement, deepened voice, muscle hypertrophy and mammary hypoplasia are also associated with hyperandrogenemia. Antiandrogen treatment could eliminate these impacts of virilization. In contrast, cellulite was supected to be due to androgen deficiency, and the use of topical testosterone could eliminate it. It is concluded that skin and/or hairloss are associated with hormonal changes in women. The treatment with antiandrogenic hormones may reduce or cure these abnormalities. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 258-63)"

"ABSTRAKProses pematangan spermatozoa terjadi karena adanya interaksi antara protein dengan membran plasma spermatozoa. Walaupun proses pematangan spermatozoa ini sangat penting, namun gen yang berperan dalam sekresi protein di epididimis ini masih banyak yang belum dikarakterisasi. Gen-gen yang berperan dalam proses pematangan spermatozoa umumnya merupakan protein sekretorik, terekspresi pada segmen spesifik, diregulasi androgen, faktor testikular dan perkembangan postnatal. Pada penelitian sebelumnya diketahui bahwa b-defensin merupakan gen yang banyak terekspresi di organ reproduksi pria dan memiliki peran dalam pertahanan tubuh dan pematangan spermatozoa. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkarakterisasi ekspresi gen Defb20 untuk mengetahui perannya dalam proses pematangan spermatozoa. Studi in silico dilakukan untuk prediksi struktur gen, signal peptide dan domain fungsional. Quantitative real-time PCR digunakan untuk mengukur ekspresi gen Defb20 pada analisis sebaran jaringan, regulasi androgen dan faktor testikular serta postnatal developmen. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa sekuen Defb20 mengandung domain penting seperti N-myristoilation dan beberapa situs phosporilasi protein kinase yang mungkin berperan dalam mekanisme interaksi protein dengan membran plasma. Sekuen asam amino Defb20 mengandung signal peptides, mengindikasikan protein yang disekresikan dan terlibat dalam proses pematangan spermatozoa. -defensins 20 (Defb20) terekspresi spesifik di epididimis dengan ekspresi tertinggi terdapat pada kaput epididimis. Defb20 diregulasi oleh androgen yang ditunjukkan dengan adanya penurunan ekspresi Defb20 paska dilakukan gonadektomi dan kondisi ini dapat diperbaiki dengan pemberian hormon pengganti. Defb20 juga diregulasi oleh faktor testikular, yang dibuktikan dari menurunnya ekspresi Defb20 setelah ligasi pada duktus eferen (efferent duct ligation (EDL)). Defb20 mulai terekspresi pada hari ke-21 setelah lahir yang mengindikasikan gen Defb20 terekspresipada suatu periode perkembangan epididimis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa Defb20 memiliki karakteristik ekspresi : mengandung signal peptide yang mengarahkan sintesis protein pada jalur sekretorik, spesifik terekspresi di epididimis, diregulasi androgen dan faktor testikular serta mulai terekspresi pada masa pubertas hingga dewasa

---

ABSTRACTEpididymal sperm maturation occurs via interactions between sperm and proteins secreted by the epididymal epithelium. Although this is an important process, the genes that encode secreted proteins remain largely uncharacterized. The genes that play a role in sperm maturation process has character, among others; is a secretory protein, expressed specifically in the epididymis, regulated by androgen, testicular factor, and postnatal development. Previous studies showed that family of-defensins preferentially eaxpressed in male reproductive tracts and play an important role in both innate immunity and sperm fertility. This study aimed to characterize Defb20 to understand its role in sperm maturation. This study using in silico analyses and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). In silico analyses were performed to predict gene structure, signal peptides and functional domains. Defb20 expression in various tissues, after gonadectomy, efferent duct ligation and postnatal development were measured using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Defb20 sequence contains important domains such as N-myristoilation and kinase binding sites which are putatively involved in the protein activation and protein-plasma membrane interaction. The amino acid sequence of Defb20 contains signal peptides, indicating characteristic of secretory proteins involved in the sperm maturation. β-defensins 20 (Defb20) was expressed exclusively in the epididymis with the highest expression in the caput region. Defb20 was regulated by androgen showing down-regulation after gonadectomy and the expression was recovered after testosterone replacement. However, Defb20 was also regulated by testicular factors in which the expression was down-regulated after efferent duct ligation (EDL). The dependency on the androgen was further confirmed by postnatal expression analysis in which Defb20 begin to express at day21 postnatal indicating specific stage of expression after initial development of the epididymis. In conclusion, Defb20 have a potential to be involved in the epididymal sperm maturation process. Defb20 has characteristic expression; has a signal peptide sequence that directs synthesis in the secretory pathway, specifically expressed in the epididymis, androgen and testicular factors regulated, and expressed in puberty to adulthood"

"Epididimis adalah bagian sistem reproduksi laki-laki yang berperan penting dalam proses pematangan sperma. Proses ini berlangsung karena adanya interaksi antara protein yang disekresikan oleh sel-sel epitel epididymis dengan sperma. Banyak gen yang mengatur protein-protein tersebut belum dipahami sepenuhnya, contohnya Serpina1f. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi signal peptide sebagai dasar informasi untuk mempelajari fungsi gen tersebut lebih lanjut, dan ketergantungan androgen untuk secara dini menyeleksi apakah gen ini cocok dikembangkan menjadi kontrasepsi pria nonhormonal. Metode penelitian untuk memprediksi signal peptide adalah dengan menggunakan SignalP 4.0, sedangkan analisis ketergantungan androgen menggunakan real-time RT-PCR. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa Serpina1f mengandung signal peptide pada 27 asam amino yang pertama, sedangkan ekspresi gen berubah sesuai level androgen. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Serpina1f menghasilkan secretory protein dan gen ini diregulasi androgen.

---

Epididymis is a part of male reproductive system that plays important role in sperm maturation process. This process occurs by the interaction between proteins secreted by epididymal epithelial cells with sperm. Many of the genes that regulate the protein involved in this process have not been understood completely, such as Serpina1f. The objective of this research is to identify its signal peptide as basic information to further learn its function, and androgen dependency to early select whether this gene could be a target for a nonhormonal male contraception. SignalIP 4.0 was used to predict the presence of signal peptide in its amino acid sequence, while the androgen dependency analysis was performed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR using RNA samples from gonadectomized mice and gonadectomized mice plus androgen therapy. The result showed that Serpina1f contained signal peptide at the first 27 amino acid sequence, while its expression fluctuated according to androgen level. It can be concluded that Serpina1f encodes a secretory protein and it is an androgen dependent gene."

"Latar Belakang : Proses pematangan sperma terjadi karena adanya interaksi antara sel sperma dan protein yang disekresikan oleh sel epitel yang melapisi saluran epididimis, sehingga menyebabkan perubahan morfologi dan biokimia pada membran spermatozoa. Sekresi protein pada saluran epididimis ditentukan oleh gen-gen yang diekspresikan secara spesifik di region tertentu misalnya pada region initial segmen, caput, corpus atau cauda sehingga pada masing-masing segmen terbentuk lingkungan spesifik (microenvironment) yang diperlukan untuk proses pematangan sperma. Gen yang menyandi protein yang terlibat dalam proses pematangan sperma diekspresikan secara spesifik pada epididimis dan ekspresinya diregulasi oleh androgen. Salah satu gen yang diduga berperan dalam proses pematangan sperma adalah gen Serpina1f. Berdasarkan urutan asam amino, Serpina1f dianggap sebagai anggota baru dari keluarga serpin dengan fungsi putatif sebagai serin protease inhibitor. Karakterisasi Serpina1f pada organ reproduksi pria khususnya epididimis dapat memberikan petunjuk mengenai perannya dalam proses pematangan sperma.Tujuan : Mengkarakterisasi gen Serpina1f di epididimis mencit.Desain : Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis bioinformatika dan eksperimentalMetode : Struktur gen, batas ekson-intron dan domain fungsional serta deteksi signal peptide pada Serpina1f dilakukan analisis bioinformatika. Untuk menganalisis ekspresi SERPINA1F tingkat protein dilakukan western imunoblotting, sedangkan untuk mengetahui lokasi protein SERPINA1F dilakukan imunohistokimia dan imunositokimia.Hasil : SERPINA1F merupakan anggota family SERPIN. Berdasarkan analisis Signal peptide, SERPINA1F merupakan protein sekretori. Hasil imunohistokimia pada jaringan epididimis mencit menunjukkan adanya reaksi antibodi dengan terwarnainya nukleus dan sitoplasma pada sel epitel initial segment dan caput. Sedangkan pada corpus dan cauda SERPINA1F terdeteksi hanya pada sitoplasma. Hasil analisis western imunoblotting dan imunositokimia pada protein sperma menunjukkan adanya asosiasi SERPINA1F dengan spermatozoa dan terdapat di seluruh bagian spermatozoa.Kesimpulan : SERPINA1F memiliki signal peptide pada asam amino 1 - 27 dan termasuk protein sekretori. Berdasarkan urutan asam aminonya, SERPINA1F yang termasuk famili SERPIN. Protein SERPINA1F diekspresikan di sel epitel initial segment, caput, corpus dan cauda. SERPINA1F berasosiasi dengan spermatozoa dan terdapat pada seluruh bagian spermatozoa.

---

Background: Sperm maturation occur due to the interaction between the sperm cell and the proteins secreted by the epithelial cells lining the epididymis duct, causing morphological and biochemical changes in the sperm membrane. The secretion of proteins in epididymis duct is determined by genes that are expressed specifically in certain regions, for example in the region of the initial segment, caput, corpus or cauda that each segment forms microenvironment that is required for sperm maturation process. Genes that encode proteins involved in the process of sperm maturation in the epididymis specifically expressed and its expression is regulated by androgens. One of the genes thought to play a role in sperm maturation process is Serpina1f. Based on the amino acid sequence, Serpina1f considered as a new member of the serpin family with putative functions as a serine protease inhibitor. Characterization Serpina1f on male reproductive organs, especially the epididymis may provide a clue as to its role in sperm maturation process.Objective: To characterize Serpina1f in the epididymis of mice.Design: This study used a bioinformatics analysis and experimental.Methods: Bioinformatics analysis were used to know gene structure, exon-intron boundaries and functional domains as well as the detection of signal peptide on Serpina1f. To analyze protein expression levels SERPINA1F performed western immunoblotting, whereas for the location of the protein immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry SERPINA1F done.Results: SERPINA1F a member of the serpin family. Based on the analysis of signal peptide, a protein secretory SERPINA1F. The results of immunohistochemistry on epididymis tissue of mice showed an antibody reaction with colored nucleus and cytoplasm in epithelial cells of the initial segment and caput. While SERPINA1F detected only in the cytoplasm corpus and cauda. The results of western imunoblotting analysis and immunocytochemistry showed SERPINA1F associated with spermatozoa and found in all parts of the spermatozoa.Conclusion: SERPINA1F has a signal peptide at amino acids 1-27 and include secretory proteins. Based on their amino acid sequence, which includes SERPINA1F serpin family. The protein is expressed in epithelial cells SERPINA1F initial segment, caput, corpus and cauda. SERPINA1F associated with spermatozoa and found on all parts."

"[ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Pematangan sperma di epididimis terjadi melalui interaksiantara protein yang disekresikan oleh epitel dengan spermatozoa. Proses tersebutdiregulasi oleh androgen dan lingkungan spesifik di region epididimis. Androgendependentgene yang hanya terekspresi di region tertentu namun tidak terekspresidi region lain menimbulkan dugaan peran androgent reseptor (AR) koregulator.Gelsolin (Gsn) adalah AR koregulator ditemukan predominan di epididimisHolstein, namun perannya masih belum diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengkarakterisasi Gsn pada epididimis mencit.Metode: In silico untuk memprediksi struktur gen dan domain fungional.Quantitative Real Time RT-PCR untuk menganalisa sebaran jaringan,ketergantungan terhadap faktor endokrin dan faktor testikular, dan regulasipostnatal.Hasil: Gsn merupakan protein yang mengandung signal peptide. Ekspresi Gsntidak spesifik di epididimis. Gsn dipengaruhi oleh androgen dan faktor testikular.Pasca gonadektomi, ekspresi Gsn menurun setelah 3 hari dan injeksi T eksogenmeningkatkan ekspresi Gsn. Hasil ini diperkuat dengan pemberian flutamide yangmenurunkan ekspresi Gsn. Ekspresi Gsn pada perkembangan individu konstanpostnatal 5 hari.Kesimpulan: Gsn adalah protein yang disekresikan oleh epitel epididimis,diregulasi oleh androgen dan faktor testikular. Ekspresi Gsn yang tidak spesifikpada region tertentu di epididimis, diperlukan penelitian lanjut untuk mengetahuiperan Gsn dalam menentukan ekspresi gen-gen yang terlibat dalam pematangansperma.

---

ABSTRACTBackground: Sperm maturation in epididymis occurs through interactionbetween proteins secreted by epithels with spermatozoa. The process is regulatedby androgen and specific environment in epididimal region. The androgendependentgene that is only expressed in a particular region, but not expressed inother regions led to allegations of androgen receptor (AR) coregulator action.Gelsolin (Gsn) is AR coregulator found predominant in epididimal Holstein, butits role still unknown. The aim is to characterize Gsn in mouse epididymis.Methods: In silico analyses to predict gene strucure and functional domain.Quantitative Real Time RT-PCR to analyse tissue distribution, androgendependent, testicular factor and postnatal regulation.Results: Gsn is protein that contains signal peptide. Gsn is not spesific expressedin epididymis. It is regulated by androgen and testicular factor. Post gonadectomy,Gsn expression decrease in 3 days while injected by T exogen increasing Gsnexpression. This expression confirmed by flutamide that decreasing Gsnexpression. Gsn expression was constant at day 5 in postnatal development.Conclusions: Gsn is protein that secreted by epididymal epitels and regulated byandrogen and testicular factor. Gsn expression was not spesific in epididymalregion. It is needed to do future research to know the role of Gsn in determininggenes expression that related to sperm maturation, Background: Sperm maturation in epididymis occurs through interactionbetween proteins secreted by epithels with spermatozoa. The process is regulatedby androgen and specific environment in epididimal region. The androgendependentgene that is only expressed in a particular region, but not expressed inother regions led to allegations of androgen receptor (AR) coregulator action.Gelsolin (Gsn) is AR coregulator found predominant in epididimal Holstein, butits role still unknown. The aim is to characterize Gsn in mouse epididymis.Methods: In silico analyses to predict gene strucure and functional domain.Quantitative Real Time RT-PCR to analyse tissue distribution, androgendependent, testicular factor and postnatal regulation.Results: Gsn is protein that contains signal peptide. Gsn is not spesific expressedin epididymis. It is regulated by androgen and testicular factor. Post gonadectomy,Gsn expression decrease in 3 days while injected by T exogen increasing Gsnexpression. This expression confirmed by flutamide that decreasing Gsnexpression. Gsn expression was constant at day 5 in postnatal development.Conclusions: Gsn is protein that secreted by epididymal epitels and regulated byandrogen and testicular factor. Gsn expression was not spesific in epididymalregion. It is needed to do future research to know the role of Gsn in determininggenes expression that related to sperm maturation]"

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Beberapa studi menyebutkan bahwa penilaian kelainan yang terjadi pada prostat adalah dengan mengukur jumlah Androgen Receptor AR pada setiap kasus dan dipakai sebagai evaluasi terhadap keberhasilan terapi hormonal baik pada hiperplasia prostat/benign prostat hyperplasia BPH maupun adenokarsinoma prostat /adenocarcinoma prostate CaP . AR memerankan peran dalam proses pertumbuhan, differensiasi dan memelihara kondisi jaringan prostat tetap normal. Pada penelitian lain menyebutkan bahwa ekspresi AR positif berhubungan erat dengan gambaran derajat dan differensiasi tumor serta nilai skor Gleason. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan ekspresi AR pada hiperplasia prostat dan adenokarsinoma prostat.Bahan dan Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode potong lintang. Sampel penelitian terdiri atas 20 kasus hiperplasia prostat dan 25 kasus adenokarsinoma prostat tipe asinar. Dilakukan pulasan imunohistokimia AR dan penilaian intensitas pulasan pada inti stromal dan inti epitel dengan menggunakan histoscore H-score . Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar PSA antara hiperplasia prostat dan adenokarsinoma prostat p=0,004 . Ekspresi AR pada inti sel stromal pada hiperplasia prostat lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada adenokarsinoma prostat, dan mempunyai hasil statistik yang bermakna p=0,000 . Sedangkan ekspresi AR pada inti sel epitel menunjukkan hasil yang tidak bermakna pada kedua kelompok kasus p=0,152 . Intesitas ekspresi AR pada adenokarsinoma prostat dengan skor Gleason rendah le;7 lebih kuat dibandingkan adenokarsinoma prostat dengan skor Gleason tinggi >7 .Kesimpulan: Ekspresi AR pada inti sel stromal pada hiperplasia prostat lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada adenokarsinoma prostat. Peningkatan skor Gleason cenderung diikuti dengan penurunan intensitas ekspresi AR. Ekspresi AR pada hiperplasia prostat dan adenokarsinoma prostat dapat digunakan dalam prognosis dan prediksi serta evaluasi keberhasilan terapi hormonal.

---

ABSTRACT"Background Previous studies suggested that Androgen Receptor AR expression could be used to evaluate the successful rate among patient with Benign prostate hyperplasia BPH or Adenocarcinoma acinar of the prostate CaP treated with hormonal therapy. AR plays role in prostate growth and differentiation, and maintains the normal state of the tissue. While in pathologic state, AR expression correlate with tumor grade and differentiation, and Gleason score GS . This study aimed to compare the expression of AR between BPH with CaP.Method This research use a cross sectional study conducted twenty cases of BPH and twenty five cases of CaP. Each tissue were stained using antibody against AR, and histologically reviewed. The captured photomicrographs were further analyze using histoscore H score .Result There was statistically signifinat levels PSA between BPH and CaP p 0,004 . The nucleus of stromal AR expression in BPH group compare to CaP group was statistically significant difference diagnose vs nucleus of stromal AR expression p 0,000 . Meanwhile, no significant difference is found between nucleus of epithelial AR expression between two group p 0,152 . The intensity expression AR in CaP with low Gleason score GS le 7 is higher than CaP with high Gleason score GS 7 Conclusion BPH expresess more nucleus of stromal AR than CaP. The higher Gleason score tends followed by declining intensity expression of AR. Thus suggest AR rsquo s role can use in prognosis, prediction and evaluation of hormonal theraphy of BPH or prostate malignancy."

"Latar Belakang: Prevalensi akne vulgaris (AV) pada perempuan dewasa tinggi dengan morbiditas psikososial bermakna. Akne vulgaris yang timbul saat remaja dan berlanjut hingga umur lebih dari 25 tahun disebut sebagai AV menetap (AVM). Hormon androgen memiliki peranan terpenting dalam patogenesis AVM. Indeks Androgen Bebas (IAB) adalah metode yang bagus untuk mengevaluasi kadar hormon androgen. Perbedaan ras berpengaruh pada variasi kadar hormon androgen antara individu. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui perbandingan nilai IAB dalam darah pada perempuan dewasa dengan AVM dan tanpa AV. Metode: Penelitian kasus kontrol. Hasil: Nilai IAB dalam darah pada perempuan dewasa dengan AVM memiliki median 1,93 (minimum 0,46 - maksimum 9,88). Nilai IAB dalam darah pada perempuan dewasa tanpa AV memiliki median 1,05 (minimum 0,24 - maksimum 2,42). Nilai IAB dalam darah pada perempuan dewasa dengan AVM lebih tinggi dibandingkan tanpa AV, dengan perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik (p=0,014). Kesimpulan: Nilai IAB dalam darah pada perempuan dewasa dengan AVM lebih tinggi dibandingkan tanpa AV.

---

Background: The prevalence of acne vulgaris (AV) in adult women is high with significant psychosocial morbidity. Acne vulgaris which occur in adolescence and continue until age more than 25 years is mentioned as persistent acne vulgaris (PAV). Androgen hormone has the most important role in PAV pathogenesis. Free Androgen Index (FAI) is a good methode to evaluate androgen hormone level. Race difference influent the variation of androgen hormone level between individual.

Objective: To investigate the comparison of blood FAI in adult women with PAV and without AV.

Methods: Case control study.

Result: The blood FAI in adult women with PAV has median 1,93 (minimum 0,46 - maksimum 9,88). The blood FAI in adult women without AV has median 1,05 (minimum 0,24 - maksimum 2,42). The blood FAI in adult women with PAV is higher than without AV, with difference which is statisticaly significant. (p=0,014).

Conclusion: The blood FAI in adult women with PAV is higher than without AV."