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"[ABSTRAKAdanya peningkatan KLB (Koefisien Lantai Bangunan) pada daerah padat diJakarta, memungkinkan para pemilik gedung melakukan perluasan bangunansecara vertikal dengan menambah struktur baja di atas struktur beton bertulangeksisting. Seringkali sambungan rigid dipakai pada sambungan kolom dasarstruktur baja di atas struktur beton dengan mengasumsikan terjadi hubunganmenerus antara baja dengan beton. Pada kenyataanya asumsi ini belum tentubenar akibat dari kemampuan sambungan sesungguhnya yang terbatas olehkapasitas dan kekakuannya. Sehingga asumsi tersebut perlu dievaluasikebenarannya demi menjaga perilaku struktur dan sambungan.Untuk itu, penelitian ini melakukan evaluasi hasil perancangan sambungan rigidpada dasar kolom baja dengan memodelkan sambungan menjadi pegas yangmenghubungkan struktur baja dan struktur beton. Kekakuan rotasi sambungandimodelkan secara non-linier untuk mendapatkan perilaku pasca leleh dari analisispushover. Kekakuan sambungan diperoleh dari konfigurasi sambungan hasilperancangan yang melibatkan nilai overstrength factor (Wo) sesuai ketentuanAISC 341. Pada penelitian ini terdapat 7 variasi kekakuan sambungan yangdidasarkan variasi Wo pada kombinasi gaya-gaya di sambungan dan mutu angkur(Fu) pada nilai Wo tertentu.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penurunan besarnya kekakuan sambungan akibatpenurunan nilai Wo tidak mengurangi aksi sambungan rigid. Adanya variasi nilaiWo pada perancangan sambungan rigid tidak berpengaruh langsung nilai R dan Wodari hasil pushover. Adanya variasi mutu angkur (Fu) juga tidak berpengaruhsignifikan pada perilaku struktur. Hanya sambungan yang didesain dengan Wo = 1menunjukkan perilaku non linier dan dimungkinkan terjadinya gagal geser. Untukmenjaga kekuatan di sambungan saat terjadi gempa di luar rencana pada strukturdan menjamin agar sambungan tetap berperilaku elastik, sambungan perludidesain dengan menggunakan Wo minimal sebesar 1,5.

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ABSTRACTAn increase in Floor Area Ratio (KLB) in dense areas of Jakarta, enablingbuilding owners to extend their building vertically by adding the steel framestructures above the existing reinforced concrete structures. A rigid connection ofsteel column bases above the concrete structures is often used by assuming acontinous joint between steel and concrete. In the fact, this assumption is notnecessarily true since the connection behaviour is limited to the capacity andstiffnesses. This may lead to evaluate the assumption so the overall structural andconnection behaviour are controlled.Therefore, this research evaluates the rigid connection design by modeling thecolumn base connections using spring connecting steel frame structures andconcrete frame structures. The non linear rotational stiffness of the spring ismodelled to obtain post yielding behavior from the pushover analysis. Theconnection stiffnesses are provided from connection designs involvingoverstrength factor (Wo) as prescribed in AISC 341. There are 7 connectionstiffness variations are built in this research based on Wo variations on loadingcombinations and anchor grade variations (Fu) for certain value Wo.The results showed a decrease in connection stiffness due to reduction value of Woindependent to the connection rigidity actions. Variation of Wo in the rigidconnection design has no direct impact on the value of R and Wo from pushoveranalysis. The anchor grade variations has no significant effect on the structuralperformance. The non linear behaviour and possibility of shear failure of theconnections are happened only when using Wo = 1. The connections shall bedesigned by minimum Wo = 1,5 to ensure the connection strength and theconnection behavior still remains elastically when a greater earthquake force issubjected to the structure;An increase in Floor Area Ratio (KLB) in dense areas of Jakarta, enablingbuilding owners to extend their building vertically by adding the steel framestructures above the existing reinforced concrete structures. A rigid connection ofsteel column bases above the concrete structures is often used by assuming acontinous joint between steel and concrete. In the fact, this assumption is notnecessarily true since the connection behaviour is limited to the capacity andstiffnesses. This may lead to evaluate the assumption so the overall structural andconnection behaviour are controlled.Therefore, this research evaluates the rigid connection design by modeling thecolumn base connections using spring connecting steel frame structures andconcrete frame structures. The non linear rotational stiffness of the spring ismodelled to obtain post yielding behavior from the pushover analysis. Theconnection stiffnesses are provided from connection designs involvingoverstrength factor (Wo) as prescribed in AISC 341. There are 7 connectionstiffness variations are built in this research based on Wo variations on loadingcombinations and anchor grade variations (Fu) for certain value Wo.The results showed a decrease in connection stiffness due to reduction value of Woindependent to the connection rigidity actions. Variation of Wo in the rigidconnection design has no direct impact on the value of R and Wo from pushoveranalysis. The anchor grade variations has no significant effect on the structuralperformance. The non linear behaviour and possibility of shear failure of theconnections are happened only when using Wo = 1. The connections shall bedesigned by minimum Wo = 1,5 to ensure the connection strength and theconnection behavior still remains elastically when a greater earthquake force issubjected to the structure, An increase in Floor Area Ratio (KLB) in dense areas of Jakarta, enablingbuilding owners to extend their building vertically by adding the steel framestructures above the existing reinforced concrete structures. A rigid connection ofsteel column bases above the concrete structures is often used by assuming acontinous joint between steel and concrete. In the fact, this assumption is notnecessarily true since the connection behaviour is limited to the capacity andstiffnesses. This may lead to evaluate the assumption so the overall structural andconnection behaviour are controlled.Therefore, this research evaluates the rigid connection design by modeling thecolumn base connections using spring connecting steel frame structures andconcrete frame structures. The non linear rotational stiffness of the spring ismodelled to obtain post yielding behavior from the pushover analysis. Theconnection stiffnesses are provided from connection designs involvingoverstrength factor (Wo) as prescribed in AISC 341. There are 7 connectionstiffness variations are built in this research based on Wo variations on loadingcombinations and anchor grade variations (Fu) for certain value Wo.The results showed a decrease in connection stiffness due to reduction value of Woindependent to the connection rigidity actions. Variation of Wo in the rigidconnection design has no direct impact on the value of R and Wo from pushoveranalysis. The anchor grade variations has no significant effect on the structuralperformance. The non linear behaviour and possibility of shear failure of theconnections are happened only when using Wo = 1. The connections shall bedesigned by minimum Wo = 1,5 to ensure the connection strength and theconnection behavior still remains elastically when a greater earthquake force issubjected to the structure]"

"Peristiwa gempa bumi yang cukup sering terjadi di Indonesia seketika dapat merusak bahkan meruntuhkan seluruh komponen bangunan. Maka selayaknya bangunan yang dibangun di Indonesia memiliki sistem struktur penahan gempa dimana salah satu sistem struktur penahan gempa yang paling sering digunakan ialah Special Moment Resisting Frame dikarenakan daktilitasnya yang lebih tinggi. Mekanisme keruntuhan SMRF diawali dengan proses pelelehan yang ditandai dengan munculnya sendi plastis. Pengaruh target sendi plastis pada kolom dasar dengan mekanisme leleh lentur terhadap perilaku struktur secara keseluruhan terlihat dari analisis pushover dimana daktilitas struktur akan menurun. Selain itu, digunakan dua profil yang berbeda untuk membandingkan penggunaan profil CFST dan baja WF dimana profil WF memiliki kekuatan, kekakuan, dan daktilitas yang lebih tinggi. Penggunaan sambungan semi-rigid untuk suatu struktur memiliki pengaruh dimana kekuatan dan kekakuannya menurun sedangkan daktilitasnya akan meningkat. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua program yaitu ETABS untuk perancangan bangunan serta DRAIN-2DX untuk analisis kinerja struktur.

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The earthquake phenomenon that usually occur in Indonesia can ruin or even destroy building components immediately. Therefore, buildings that constructed in Indonesia should have an earthquake resistance system, one of them is Special Moment Resisting Frame. This system has widely used in many buildings because it has high ductility and ability to dissipating energy. Collapse mechanism of SMRF building starts with yielding that marked by the existence of plastic hinge. The effect of plastic hinge that occur in column bases with flexural yielding mechanism on behavior of the overall structure can be seen from pushover analysis results which the ductility of structure will be reduced. Furthermore, the use of different profile Wide Flange and Concrete Filled Steel Tubes in the same building can affect the performance of that building, which the building with WF profile has higher strength, stiffness, and ductility. The type of connection that used is also affect performance of the buildings. Strength and stiffness will reduce while the ductility will increase. This research use two programs which is ETABS for designing the building and DRAIN 2DX for performance building analysis."

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Pemodelan struktur dengan nonlinear static procedure merupakan alternatif dalam menganalisa struktur secara nonlinier. Untuk memodelkan analisis tersebut maka dibutuhkan properti nonlinier pada struktur yang dapat dimodelkan menggunakan pedoman yang ada. Eccentrically Braced Frame (EBF) merupakan sistem struktur penahan gaya lateral yang daktail. Link merupakan elemen pada EBF yang mendisipasi energi gempa sehingga sendi plastis akan terjadi pada elemen link. Dalam short link/shear link, sendi plastis terjadi akibat gagal pada geser. Untuk memodelkan sendi plastis pada shear link, pedoman/referensi yang dapat digunakan antara lain FEMA 356 dan teori Richards dan Uang. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai pengaruh hinge property pada struktur EBF dengan shear link yang dimodelkan pada struktur 2D dan 3D menurut FEMA 356 dan teori Richards dan Uang. Pemodelan dilakukan pada software ETABS dan OpenSEES untuk dibandingkan kinerja kedua software tersebut satu sama lain. Pada penelitian ini, OpenSEES secara konstan memiliki hasil yang lebih mendekati dibandingkan dengan ETABS. Berdasarkan hasil analisa diketahui bahwa hinge property mempengaruhi respons struktur dengan analisa pushover. Hasil komparasi kedua hinge property pada ETABS dan OpenSEES menunjukkan bahwa hinge property dengan teori Richards dan Uang lebih mendekati advanced analysis dibandingkan hinge property dengan FEMA 356. Kurva yang didapatkan pada hinge property dengan FEMA 356 jauh lebih tinggi sebesar 34,54% dibandingkan dengan advanced analysis, sedangkan pada hinge property dengan teori Richards dan Uang hanya berbeda sebesar 15,55%. Namun, analisis dengan menggunakan ETABS dapat didekatkan kepada advanced analysis sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kedua software ini dapat menunjukkan performa yang sama dalam pemodelan sendi plastis pada shear link.

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The nonlinear static procedure in structure modeling is an alternative method in nonlinear analysis. To model said analysis a nonlinear property needs to be assigned, based on existing codes. Eccentrically Braced Frame (EBF) is a ductile lateral force-resisting structure. The link is the element of an EBF that dissipates seismic energies, allowing plastic hinges to form only in the link. Plastic hinges in short links/shear links occur when the element fails in shear. Modelization of the plastic hinges of shear links refers to FEMA 356 and the theory developed by Richards & Uang. This research discusses on the effects of hinge properties on shear link EBFs, modelled in 2D and 3D by referring to FEMA 356 and the theory developed by Richards & Uang. Models are made using ETABS and OpenSEES and the results of the two are compared. Results show that hinge properties affect the structure’s pushover curves. The results also show that the hinges made in reference to Richards & Uang's theory resembles the results of advanced analysis more than the hinges made in reference to FEMA 356. The pushover curve from the FEMA 356 model is 34,54% higher than experimental results while the curve from the Richards & Uang model is only 15,55% higher than experimental results. However, analysis using ETABS can be brought closer to advanced analysis so that it can be concluded that both of these software can show the same performance in modeling plastic hinge on shear link.

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"Pada daerah rawan gempa seperti Indonesia dibutuhkan perencanaan dengan berbagai tingkat kinerja (multiple performance levels) yang diharapkan dipenuhi pada saat struktur menerima beban gempa dengan berbagai tingkat intensitas. Dengan cara ini, bangunan dapat direncanakan terhadap resiko/konsekuensi yang harus dihadapi. Perencanaan seperti ini dinamakan perencanaan berbasis kinerja (performance based design) yang sudah diakomodir di dalam RSNI 03-1726-201x untuk bangunan tahan gempa. Dilakukan penelitian terhadap portal baja dengan sistem knee terbaru yang telah dimodifikasi untuk melihat perilaku dan kinerja dari Chevron Knee Braced Frame dan Ordinary Knee Braced Frame. Perhitungan analisis dinamik gempa menggunakan respons spektrum berdasarkan RSNI 03- 1726-201x pada bangunan di wilayah DKI Jakarta dengan asumsi tanah lunak. Evaluasi kinerja struktur dari masing-masing model menggunakan analisis pushover dengan program ETABS ver.9.7.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan struktur CKB memiliki nilai daktilitas rata-rata lebih tinggi, yaitu 1,11 kali struktur OKB sehingga energi dissipasinya lebih besar. Struktur OKB memiliki nilai perpindahan rata-rata lebih kecil, yaitu 1,74 kali struktur CKB, sehingga kekakuan struktur OKB lebih besar.

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In the area which is vulnerable to earthquake like Indonesia, needs to be planned with multiple performance levels needed, so that, structure is expected to resist seismic load with some intensity levels when earthquake happen. In this way, building can be planned with risk/consequence that must be faced. This design is called performance based design that already been arranged in RSNI 03-1726- 201x for earthquake resistance building. This study uses steel frame with the latest knee system that has been modified for knowing the behavior of Chevron Knee Braced Frame and Ordinary Knee Braced Frame. The calculation of seismic dynamic analysis using the response spectrum based on RSNI-03-1726-201x on building in DKI Jakarta with assumption soft ground. Performance evaluation of the structure of each model uses the pushover analysis using ETABS program ver. 9.7.0. The result of this research is CKB has ductility 1.11 times higher than OKB, so that it has bigger energy dissipation than CKB. OKB has little displacement 1.1 times smaller than CKB, so that stiffness of OKB is higher than CKB."

"[Pada tahun 1960, MIT menemukan sistem struktur yang efisien untuk tipe bangunan seperti hotel dan apartemen yaitu sistem struktur staggered truss. Tesis ini meneliti pengaruh jumlah panel vierendeel terhadap perilaku inelastik pada struktur rangka staggered truss dimana objek penelitian ini berupa bangunan hotel yang memiliki 6, 12, dan 18 lantai yang dievaluasi dengan analisis pushover dengan desain berbasis kinerja menggunakan perangkat lunak SAP200. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa sistem struktur ini mampu mencapai kinerjaLife Safety dengan dilakukan desain berbasis kinerja. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa jumlah panel vierendeel mempengaruhi perilaku inelastik bangunan, salah satunya dimana sistem struktur dengan tiga panel vierendeel memberikan faktor daktilitas yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan satu panelvierendeel terlihat dari kurva pushover yang dihasilkan oleh struktur tiga panel vierendeel memiliki perpindahan maksimum yang lebih besar. Distribusi sendi plastis kebanyakan terjadi di komponen sekitar panel vierendeel yaitu batang tepi, batang vertikal, dan rangka batang diagonal.

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In 1960, MIT found the economically efficient structure system for buildings such as hotel and apartment, which is called staggered truss structure system. This research studied the effect of the number of vierendeel panel towards the inelastic behaviour of staggered truss structure system. Object of this research consists of building which have 6, 12, and 18 story which is evaluated by pushover analysis using SA2000. The results showed that the number of vierendeel panel influence the inelastic behavior, one of the results was the structure with three vierendeel panel gives higher ductility factor than the

structure with one panel vierendeel. It is also displayed by pushover curve which have larger maximum displacement than one panel vierendeel structure. Plastic hinges formed at structural component along the vierendeel panel that is horizontal chord, vertical chord and diagonal truss. , In 1960, MIT found the economically efficient structure system for

buildings such as hotel and apartment, which is called staggered truss structure

system. This research studied the effect of the number of vierendeel panel towards

the inelastic behaviour of staggered truss structure system. Object of this research

consists of building which have 6, 12, and 18 story which is evaluated by

pushover analysis using SA2000. The results showed that the number of

vierendeel panel influence the inelastic behavior, one of the results was the

structure with three vierendeel panel gives higher ductility factor than the

structure with one panel vierendeel. It is also displayed by pushover curve which

have larger maximum displacement than one panel vierendeel structure. Plastic

hinges formed at structural component along the vierendeel panel that is

horizontal chord, vertical chord and diagonal truss.]"

"Indonesia merupakan kawasan rawan gempa dengan tingkat kepadatan penduduk yang tinggi. Sehingga dibutuhkan struktur bangunan yang mampu menyerap gaya gempa dengan baik, dari segi kekuatan, kekakuan, dan daktilitas. Bangunan dengan rangka Eccentrically Braced Frame merupakan salah satu sistem struktur yang memiliki energi disipasi yang baik dengan adanya elemen link beam dan bracing pada struktur rangkanya. Penggunaan material pada bangunan tahan gempa juga mempengaruhi kinerja struktur. Saat ini banyak bangunan tahan gempa yang memanfaatkan material baja dikarenakan sifatnya yang kuat, daktail, dan mampu menyerap energi. Material komposit Concrete Filled Steel Tube CFST memiliki kekuatan serta kekakuan yang diperkirakan mampu menahan gaya gempa. Analisis pushover digunakan untuk mengetahui kinerja suatu struktur bangunan, dalam hal ini menggunakan program Drain 2dx. Berdasarkan analisis pushover struktur bangunan komposit CFST tidak lebih kuat, kaku, dan daktail dibandingkan dengan bangunan baja WF. Hal itu dikarenakan pengaruh perbedaan luasan baja pada elemen komposit rata-rata hanya 46 dari elemen baja WF. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan dengan modelisasi sambungan balok-kolom mengurangi rigiditas struktur, sehingga berpengaruh pada kekuatan yang lebih kecil, tetapi memiliki daktilitas yang lebih tinggi.

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Indonesia is an earthquake prone area with high population density level. It requires the study of building structures that can absorb earthquake energy, in terms of strength, stiffness, and ductility. Eccentrically Braced frame building is a structure system that has a good dissipation of energy with a bracing and link element that can make it stiffer, stronger, and more ductile.

Use of material on the earthquake resistant buildings can also affect the performance of the structure. Currently, many earthquake resistant buildings use steel material because of its strength, ductility, and its ability to absorb energy. Composite material, Concrete Filled Steel Tube CFST, has the strength and the stiffness that is estimated to be able to withstand the quake energy.

Based on pushover analysis, buildings with CFST composite material is not stronger, stiffer, and more ductile compared to steel material building. It is due to the difference of the steel area on the composite element is averagely only 46 of the steel area in steel WF element. Based on recent studies, by adding the beam column connection design to the structure, it can reduce the rigidity and strength, though it could increase the ductility. "

"Elevated pile cap (EPC) foundations merupakan fondasi dengan sebagian badan tiangnya tertanam dalam tanah dan sebagian lainnya berada di atas permukaan tanah. EPC foundastions memikul momen lentur yang lebih besar dari jenis fondasi lainnya. Perilaku EPC foundations perlu diteliti lebih lanjut guna memastikan kinerja non-linier yang memadai terhadap beban seismik. Peneliti melakukan studi pemodelan menggunakan software OpenSees terkait perilaku EPC foundations dengan konfigurasi 2 x 3 pada tanah clay dengan meninjau aspek kekuatan, kekakuan, serta interaksi tanah dan pile. Uji pembebanan pushover monotonik dilakukan untuk menganalisis keruntuhan sesimik dan perilaku daktail dari EPC foundations. Konsistensi tanah divariasikan guna mengidentifikasi pengaruh konsistensi tanah terhadap kekakuan struktur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsistensi tanah tidak berpengaruh terhadap daktilitas suatu struktur, melainkan berpengaruh terhadap defleksi. Semakin stiff konsistensi tanah, maka semakin kecil defleksi yang dialami tiang. Aboveground height divariasikan guna mengidentifikasi pengaruh aboveground height terhadap lokasi sendi plastis. Seluruh model membentuk sendi plastis hanya pada leading row piles. Sendi plastis pertama terbentuk pada sambungan pile-cap dan sendi plastis kedua terbentuk pada badan pile yang berada di bawah permukaan tanah. Semakin tinggi aboveground height, maka semakin dangkal lokasi sendi plastisnya. Secara keseluruhan, konsistensi tanah, aboveground height, dan nilai p-multiplier berpengaruh terhadap perilaku inelastis struktur.

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Elevated pile cap (EPC) foundations are foundations with part of the pile body embedded in the ground and the other part above the ground surface. EPC foundations bear greater bending moments than other types of foundations. The behavior of EPC foundations needs to be investigated further to ensure adequate non-linear performance against seismic loads. Researchers conducted a modeling study using OpenSees software related to the behavior of EPC foundations with a 2 x 3 configuration on clay soil by reviewing aspects of strength, stiffness, and soil and pile interactions. Monotonic pushover loading test was performed to analyze the seismic failure and ductile behavior of the EPC foundations. Soil consistency was varied in order to identify the effect of soil consistency on the stiffness of the structure. The results showed that soil consistency did not affect the ductility of a structure, but rather had an effect on deflection. The stiffer the consistency of the soil, the smaller the deflection experienced by the pile. The aboveground height was varied to identify the effect of the aboveground height on the location of the plastic hinge. All models form plastic hinges only on leading row piles. The first plastic hinge is formed at the pile-cap joint and the second plastic hinge is formed at the pile body which is below the soil surface. The higher the aboveground height, the shallower the location of the plastic hinge. Overall, soil consistency, aboveground height, and p-multiplier value affect the inelastic behavior of the structure."

"Kemungkinan kejadian kegempaan di Indonesia sangat tinggi sehingga diperlukan struktur fondasi yang mampu menahan beban gempa dengan baik. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini dilakukan studi pemodelan fondasi grup tiang dengan memasukkan pembebanan lateral sebagai simulasi beban gempa. Pemodelan ini memperhatikan keluaran berupa interaksi antara tiang fondasi dengan tanah pada tanah lempung. Selain itu, keluaran yang diperhatikan adalah seismic behavior berupa daktilitas dan kejadian sendi plastis yang dialami oleh tiang fondasi. Studi pemodelan dilakukan dengan mengacu pada penelitian Yuwono et al. (2020), di mana model fondasi grup tiang dibuat pada tanah lempung dengan variasi kuat geser undrained tanah 20 kPa, 40 kPa, 60 kPa, 80 kPa, dan 100 kPa. Pada penelitian ini, keluaran-keluaran yang diperhatikan mengikutsertakan pengaruh dari variasi kuat geser undrained tanah tersebut. Model tanah dan tiang dimodelkan dalam pendekatan nonlinier P-y dari Beam-on-Nonlinear-Winkler-Foundation (BNWF) melalui aplikasi OpenSees. Melalui pemodelan tersebut, dilakukan validasi penelitian terhadap model fondasi penelitian Yuwono et al. (2020)berdasarkan kurva pushover yang terbentuk. Dari penelitian ini, semakin besarnya nilai kuat geser undrained tanah maka kecenderungan nilai daktilitas lendutan semakin besar. Lalu, semakin besarnya nilai kuat geser undrained tanah juga mempercepat terjadinya sendi plastis pertama dan lebih memungkinan menghasilkan kejadian sendi plastis kedua. Nilai kuat geser undrained tanah yang semakin besar juga meningkatkan nilai gaya dalam momen bending dan aksial pada tiang-tiang fondasi. Pada penelitian ini, tidak terjadi kegagalan geser sama sekali pada seluruh tiang namun terjadi kegagalan lentur untuk lead pile pada tanah dengan kuat geser undrained tanah 100 kPa. Selain itu, terbentuk momen guling untuk fondasi grup tiang pada tanah dengan kuat geser undrained tanah 20 kPa dan 100 kPa. Adapun secara performa, nilai P-Multiplier yang semakin besar membuat peran tiang menjadi lebih besar pada sistem fondasi grup tiang dan semakin besarnya nilai kuat geser undrained tanah akan cenderung meningkatkan nilai faktor efisiensi grup.

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The possibility of earthquakes in Indonesia is very high, so a foundation structure that can withstand earthquake loads is adequately needed. Therefore, in this study, a pile group foundation modeling study was conducted by including lateral loading as a simulation of earthquake loads. This model pays attention to the output in the interactions between the foundation piles and the soil on clay soil. In addition, the output considered is seismic behavior in the form of ductility and the occurrence of plastic hinges experienced by the foundation piles. The modeling study was conducted with reference to the research of Yuwono et al. (2020), in which the pile group foundation model is made on clay soils with variations in the undrained shear strength of the soil 20 kPa, 40 kPa, 60 kPa, 80 kPa, and 100 kPa. In this study, the observed outputs include the effects of variations in the undrained shear strength of the soil. The soil and pile models were modeled in the P-y nonlinear approximation of the Beam-on-Nonlinear-Winkler-Foundation (BNWF) via the OpenSees application. Through this modeling, research validation was carried out on the research foundation model of Yuwono et al. (2020) based on the pushover curve formed. From this study, the greater the value of the undrained shear strength of the soil, the greater the tendency of the deflection ductility value. Then, the greater the value of the undrained shear strength of the soil also accelerates the occurrence of the first plastic hinge and is more likely to produce a second plastic hinge occurrence. The greater the value of the soil's undrained shear strength also increases the force's value in bending and axial moments on the foundation piles. In this study, there was no shear failure on the entire pile but flexural failure for the lead pile on the soil with an undrained shear strength of 100 kPa. In addition, the overturning moment is formed for pile group foundations on soils with undrained shear strengths of 20 kPa and 100 kPa. As for performance, the larger the P-Multiplier value, the greater the role of the pile in the pile group foundation system, and the greater the value of the undrained shear strength of the soil will tend to increase the value of the group efficiency factor."

"Indonesia merupakan wilayah yang memiliki titik gempa paling banyak karena berada di pertemuan empat lempeng tektonik dunia. Belakangan ini semakin sering terjadi gempa. Akibatnya pemerintah berencana mengganti peraturan gempa SNI 03-1726-2002 dengan RSNI 03-1726-201x. Selain itu, perencanaan bangunan yang selama ini berdasarkan kekuatan struktur bangunan, mulai beralih menjadi berdasarkan level kinerja, dengan metode analisis pushover statik nonlinear. Objek penelitian ini adalah sistem struktur penahan gaya lateral berupa rangka bresing eksentris. Sistem struktur dimodelkan dalam bangunan tiga dimensi dengan menggunakan program ETABS ver. 9.7. Terdapat variasi tinggi bangunan dan model pemasangan bresing untuk dapat membandingkan perilaku struktur dan kinerja bangunan.Hasil yang didapat adalah pemasangan bresing model B memiliki perilaku struktur yang lebih baik daripada model A. Bangunan rendah (6 lantai) dan bangunan tinggi (12 dan 18 lantai) sama-sam mengalami kelelehan pertama saat kondisi plastis. Namun, model keruntuhan pada bangunan rendah lebih baik daripada bangunan tinggi. Hasil penelitian ini hanya berlaku untuk bangunan struktur baja yang berada di Jakarta pada tanah lunak.

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Being at the meeting point of four tectonic plates, Indonesia has the most earthquake-point in the world. Lately, more and more earthquakes frequently happen. As a result, the government plans to replace the earthquake regulations of SNI 03-1726-2002 with RSNI 03-1726-201x. In addition, design of the building which has been based on structural strength, began to switch to based on level of performance, with nonlinear static pushover analysis method. Object of this study is structural system of retaining the lateral force with eccentrically braced frames. The structure is modeled in three-dimensional buildings using ETABS ver.9.7. There are variations in height of the building and in the model of the bracing to compare the structural behavior and performance of the buildings.The results obtained are bracing with model B has a better structural behavior than the model A. Low building (6 floors) and tall building (12 and 18 floors) have first yielding in the same conditions, plastic conditions. Eventhough the collapse process of the low building models are better than tall buildings. The results of this study apply only to building steel structure that was in Jakarta on soft ground."