Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Ajuvan liposom penting dalam meningkatkan efektivitas kerja vaksin dan menjadi alternatif ajuvan yang menjanjikan karena memiliki kemampuan enkapsulasi tinggi dan induksi imun spesifik. Namun, rendahnya stabilitas struktur liposom menjadi tantangan utama dalam pembuatan ajuvan. Polimer polietilenimin PEI25k dapat meningkatkan dan memperkuat struktur liposom serta memiliki potensi sebagai ajuvan. Namun, PEI25k bersifat toksik. Oleh karena itu, kolesterol diformulasikan ke liposom untuk menekan tingkat toksisitas. Selain itu, lipid kationik dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOTAP) diketahui dapat meningkatkan efisiensi dan stabilitas struktur liposom. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan formula serta evaluasi kemampuan kompleks liposom PEI25k/kolesterol, PEI25k/DOTAP dan PEI25k/DOTAP/kolesterol dengan DNA (0,5:1; 1:1; 2:1; 4:1) dalam mengkondensasi dan melindungi DNA dari degradasi; toksisitas dan sifat imunostimulan liposom terhadap sel RAW 264.7; mengetahui potensi formula dalam induksi respons imunologi secara in vivo. Liposom dipreparasi dengan metode injeksi etanol dan kompleks DNA-liposom dikarakterisasi melalui uji mobilitas dan uji stabilitas. Liposom juga dievaluasi secara in vitro melalui uji MTT dan uji pelepasan nitrit oksida (NO). Selain itu, uji analisis hematologi darah mencit BALB/c dilakukan untuk mengetahui respons imun lebih lanjut. Kompleks DNAliposom dengan perbandingan 1:0,5 sampai 1:4 mampu mengkondensasi dan melindungi DNA dari degradasi enzim DNAse. Seluruh formula bersifat non-toksik pada konsentrasi 0,01 ppm-6,25 ppm dan bersifat imunostimulan pada konsentrasi 6,25 ppm dan 25 ppm. Formula PEI25k:DOTAP (1:1) memiliki tingkat viabilitas dan menginduksi pelepasan NO tertinggi. Analisis hematologi menunjukkan formula PEI25k:DOTAP:kolesterol (1:1:1) dan (2:1:1) memiliki potensi paling signifikan dalam induksi respons imun.

---

Adjuvant liposome has a crucial role in enhancing the vaccine’s efficiency and has become a promising alternative due to its high encapsulation and specific immunity induction capability. However, the low stability of its structure has become the main obstacle in adjuvant manufacture. Polyethyleneimines PEI25k could increase and strengthen the structure of liposomes and also have adjuvant potential. Due to the high cytotoxicity of PEI25k, the liposomes are being formulated with cholesterol. Also, cationic lipids such as, dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOTAP) are known to enhance the efficiency and structure of liposomes. This research aims to obtain formulas and evaluate the ability of the liposome PEI25k/cholesterol, PEI25k/DOTAP, and PEI25k/DOTAP/cholesterol-DNA (0.5:1; 1:1; 2:1; 4:1) in condensing and protecting DNA from degradation; toxicity, and immunostimulant properties against RAW 264.7 cells; as well as in vivo. The liposomes are prepared by ethanol injection method. The DNA-liposome complexes are characterized by mobility and stability assays. Liposomes are also evaluated in vitro through MTT assay and nitric oxide release assay. In addition, a hematological analysis was performed to determine further immune response. The DNA-liposome complexes with a ratio of 1:0,5 to 1:4 are capable of condensing and protecting DNA from degradation. The whole formula is non-toxic at concentrations of 0.01 ppm – 6.25 ppm and immunostimulant at concentrations of 6.25 and 25 ppm. The formula PEI25k:DOTAP (1:1) has the highest level of viability and NO released. Hematological analysis indicates that the formula of PEI25K:DOTAP:cholesterol (1:1:1) and (2:1:1) has significant potential to induce an immune responses."

"Pendahuluan: Tesis ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek myelosupresi padapasien kanker ovarium dengan kemoterapi ajuvan carboplatin dan paclitaxel diRSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo melalui analisis kadar hemoglobin, leukosit,dan trombosit. Kemoterapi ajuvan kombinasi carboplatin dan paclitaxelmerupakan rejimen kemoterapi yang paling efektif pada kanker ovarium. Namunpemberian kemoterapi tersebut memiliki efek samping myelosupresi sepertianemia, neutropenia, dan trombositopenia yang berdampak besar terhadapkualitas hidup pasien. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hystorical cohort yang dilaksanakan diRSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo dengan mengambil sampel penelitian pasienkanker ovarium yang mendapatkan kemoterapi ajuvan dengan carboplatin danpaclitaxel sebanyak enam seri mulai dari Januari 2010 sampai dengan Desember2014. Hasil: Dari 41 subjek penelitian yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi didapatkan usiapasien berkisar antara 25 sampai dengan 64 tahun (median: 49 tahun), terbanyakadalah multipara (43,9%), premenopause (61,0%), dengan stadium terbanyakadalah stadium IIIC (58,5%), histopatologi terbanyak adalah kistadenokarsinomaserosum (39,0%), dan sebagian besar berdiferensiasi sedang (48,8%). Kesimpulan: Sebagai kesimpulan didapatkan penurunan kadar hemoglobin, leukosit, dan trombosit yang bermakna pasca kemoterapi setiap seri (p < 0,001). ;Background: The objective of this study was to obtain the myelosupressioneffect on ovarian cancer patient with carboplatin and paclitaxel adjuvantchemotherapy based on haemoglobin, leucocyte, and thrombocyte level.Carboplatin and paclitaxel combination as an adjuvant chemotherapy is the mosteffective regiment for ovarian cancer. Otherwise this regiment hasmyelosuppression effect (hematologic toxicity) as anemia, neutropenia, andthrombocytopenia which have impact on quality of life of the patients. Methods: This is an hystorycal cohort study on ovarian caner patients whounderwent six series of adjuvant chemotherapy from January 2010 untilDecember 2014 at RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Results: From 41 patients range at 25 until 64 years old (median: 49 years), mostof them are multiparity (43,9%), premenopausal women (61,0%), with the largeststadium was IIIC (58,5%), the largest pathologic type was serouscystadenocarcinoma (39,0%) and most of them are intermediate differentiation(48,8%). Conclusions: As a conclusion there was a significantly decreased of haemoglobin, leucocyte, and thrombocyte levels after adjuvant chemotherapy on every single cycle (p<0,001). ;Background: The objective of this study was to obtain the myelosupressioneffect on ovarian cancer patient with carboplatin and paclitaxel adjuvantchemotherapy based on haemoglobin, leucocyte, and thrombocyte level.Carboplatin and paclitaxel combination as an adjuvant chemotherapy is the mosteffective regiment for ovarian cancer. Otherwise this regiment hasmyelosuppression effect (hematologic toxicity) as anemia, neutropenia, andthrombocytopenia which have impact on quality of life of the patients. Methods: This is an hystorycal cohort study on ovarian caner patients whounderwent six series of adjuvant chemotherapy from January 2010 untilDecember 2014 at RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Results: From 41 patients range at 25 until 64 years old (median: 49 years), mostof them are multiparity (43,9%), premenopausal women (61,0%), with the largeststadium was IIIC (58,5%), the largest pathologic type was serouscystadenocarcinoma (39,0%) and most of them are intermediate differentiation(48,8%). Conclusions: As a conclusion there was a significantly decreased of haemoglobin, leucocyte, and thrombocyte levels after adjuvant chemotherapy on every single cycle (p<0,001). "

"Latar belakang: Angka kejadian mual-muntah pascabedah sekitar 20-30 % dari seluruh pembedahan umum dan lebih kurang 70-80% pada kelompok risiko tinggi. Ketersediaan obat-obatan untuk mencegah mual-muntah pascabedah (PONV) sering sulit didapat, tidak hanya di daerah terpencil, tetapi juga di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Terdapat bukti bahwa terapi nonfarmakologis seperti mengunyah permen karet efektif untuk menurunkan risiko PONV. Dalam penelitian ini, kami mengevaluasi efek mengunyah permen karet sebagai ajuvan metoklopramide dalam mengurangi PONV.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis acak tersamar tunggal. Sejumlah 116 subjek yang akan menjalani pembedahan mata dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok (metoklopramid 10 mg iv dan metoklopramid 10 mg iv ditambah aktivitas mengunyah). Metoklopramide IV diberikan pada akhir pembedahan, sebelum pasien diekstubasi. Kelompok kedua diminta mengunyah permen karet selama 15 menit di ruang pemulihan. Efektivitas mual-muntah pascabedah dinilai dari kejaidan mual-muntah dan derajatnya sampai 24 jam pascabedah (jam ke-2, jam ke-6, jam ke-12, jam ke-18, dan jam ke-24).Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara dua kelompok untuk kejadian PONV dengan nilai p= 0,016. Namun, penilaian derajat keparahan PONV tidak bermakna secara statistik.Simpulan: Penambahan aktivitas mengunyah permen karet sebagai ajuvan metoklopramid efektif untuk pencegahan PONV.

---

Background: Incidence of PONV is around 20-30% in patients who underwent surgery with general anesthesia, and up to 70-80% in high risk patients. Availability of PONV drugs is often limited, not only in rural area, but also in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Evidence showed that non-pharmacological therapy such as chewing gum is effective in reducing PONV. In this study, we evaluated the effect of chewing gum as adjuvant to metoclopramide for reducing PONV.Method: This is a single-blind randomized controlled trial. One hundred and sixteen adult subjects scheduled for elective ophthalmologic surgery with general anesthesia were allocated into two groups (IV metoclopramide 10 mg and IV metoclopramide 10 mg plus chewing gum). IV metoclopramide was given at the end of surgery, before the patient were extubated. The second group was instructed to chew gum for 15 minutes in recovery room. Effectiveness to prevent PONV was measured by incidence of PONV and its degree of severity up to 24 hours post operatively (2-hour, 6-hour, 12-hour, 18-hour, and 24-hour).Results: The difference in PONV incidence is statistically significant between two groups (p=0.016). However, degree of PONV severity is not significant.Conclusion: Chewing gum as an adjuvant to metoclopramide is effective for PONV prevention."