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"Kebutuhan enzim untuk industri Indonesia semakin meningkat setiap tahunnya, dengan 99 pengadaan enzim masih berasal dari impor. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan enzim nasional sekaligus menekan impor enzim, pengembangan unit produksi enzim yang banyak digunakan dalam industri sangat penting. Salah satu enzim yang banyak digunakan dalam industri adalah lipase, yang diproduksi oleh Aspergillus niger. Produksi lipase Aspergillus niger skala besar lebih menguntungkan dengan metode fermentasi padat limbah agroindustri. Untuk mengevaluasi produksi lipase Aspergillus niger, dibutuhkan optimasi produksi dan analisis keekonomian. Optimasi dilakukan pada fermentasi padat menggunakan dedak padi dan bungkil biji jarak selama 5 hari dengan variasi induser dan ekstraktan. Hasil fermentasi kemudian diekstrak, disaring dengan muslin cloth dan di-centrifuge. Supernatan yang diperoleh dikeringkan dengan spray drying dan diuji aktivitasnya melalui titrimetri hidrolisis minyak zaitun. Hasil optimasi induser menunjukkan bahwa 1 minyak zaitun merupakan induser terbaik yang menghasilkan ekstrak kering lipase dengan unit aktivitas tertinggi yaitu 176 U/ml enzim. Hasil optimasi ekstraktan menunjukkan bahwa 1 NaCl ndash; 0,5 Tween 80 merupakan ekstraktan terbaik yang menghasilkan ekstrak kering lipase dengan unit aktivitas tertinggi yaitu 282 U/ml enzim. Hasil scale up produksi menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan 1000 gram dedak padi menghasilkan 983,22 gram ekstrak kering lipase dengan unit aktivitas 240,33 U/ml enzim. Analisis keekonomian terhadap produksi lipase dengan kapasitas produksi 4290 kg/tahun; harga produk IDR 1.061.811; dan WACC 15,10 menghasilkan IRR sebesar 34,99 ; NPV sebesar IDR 5.520.728.137; payback period selama 2,98 tahun; dengan harga produk sebagai parameter paling sensitif.

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Enzyme demand for Indonesia rsquo s industries increases every year, with 99 of the supply are from imports. Development of industrial enzyme production units is critical to fulfil national enzyme demand and lower imports. One of the most used industrial enzymes is lipase, which is produced by Aspergillus niger. Large scale Aspergillus niger lipase production is more profitable by solid state fermentation utilizing agroindustrial waste.

Optimization and economic analysis of Aspergillus niger lipase production is performed. Optimization is performed on solid state fermentation of rice bran and Jathropa seed cake for 5 days with variations on inducer and extractant. Fermentation cake produced is extracted, filtered using muslin cloth, and centrifuged. The supernatant is spray dried and assayed using olive oil hydrolysis titrimetry. Inducer optimization results show that 1 olive oil is the best inducer, yielding dry lipase extract with highest activity unit 176 U ml enzyme .

Extractant optimization results show that 1 NaCl ndash 0.5 Tween 80 is the best extractant, yielding dry lipase extract with highest activity unit 282 U ml enzyme. Production scale up shows that 1000 gram rice bran yields 983.22 gram dry lipase extract with the activity unit of 240,33 U ml enzyme. Economic analysis of lipase production with the production capacity of 4290 kg year product price of IDR 1,061,811 and WACC of 15.10 yields IRR of 34.99 NPV of IDR 5,520,728,137 payback period of 2.98 years with product price as the most sensitive parameter."

"ABSTRAKVolvariella volvacea (Bull.) Singer 1951 merupakan salah satu jamur yangtumbuh pada limbah pertanian mengandung lignoselulosa. Penelitian bertujuanmengetahui karakteristik biokimia media tanam dalam memproduksi jamurmerang. Sampel dianalisis kandungan lignoselulosa, karbon dan nitrogen (rasioC/N), gula pereduksi, pH dan total populasi mikroorganisme. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan penurunan kadar lignoselulosa, suhu, rasio C/N and totalmikroorganisme, namun terjadi kenaikan pH dan gula pereduksi. Penurunan kadarlignin 12,94% pada media daun pisang, 10,35% pada media jerami padi dan9,50% pada media kapas. Kadar holoselulosa mengalami penurunan 19,96%menggunakan jerami padi; 11,85% menggunakan kapas; dan 4,73% menggunakandaun pisang. Jamur merang pada media kapas menghasilkan produksi tertinggidalam total berat basah, diameter dan jumlah tubuh buah. Efisiensi biologitertinggi diperoleh dari diproduksi menggunakan kapas, 17,79%; daun pisang8,56%; dan jerami padi 7,93%. Analisis statistik menunjukkan tidak adanyaperbedaan signifikan dari budidaya menggunakan kapas, jerami padi, dan daunpisang (p<0,05). Kadar gula pereduksi mengalami kenaikan 38,66%menggunakan kapas; 36,57% menggunakan daun pisang; dan 20,17%menggunakan jerami padi. Budidaya jamur merang mengakibatkan pH mediatanam menjadi basa dengan akhir pH 8,97 pada jerami padi; pH 8,55 pada kapas;dan 7,95 pada daun pisang.

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ABSTRACTVolvariella volvacea (Bull.) Singer 1951 is one of the most cultivated mushroomgrew on lignocellulosic media. The purpose of study was analyze biochemicalcharacteristic growth on media for production of paddy straw mushroom. Thesamples were analyzed on lignocellulosic, carbon and nitrogen (C/N ratio),reducing sugar content, pH and total population on microorganism. The resultsrevealed decrease on lignocellulosic content, temperature, C/N ratio and totalmicroorganism, however increased in pH and reduced sugar content. Lignincontent decreased 12.94% using banana leaves; 10.35% using paddy straws; and9.50% using cotton wastes. Holocellulose content decreased 19.96% on paddystraws; 11.85% on cotton wastes; and 4.73% on banana leaves. Cotton waste hasthe highest production based on the fresh weight, diameter and number of fruitingbodies. The highest biological efficiency, 17.69% produced from cultivation oncotton waste; 8,56% on banana leaves; and 7.93% on paddy straws. Reducingsugar content increased 20.71% on paddy straws; 36.57% on banana leaves; and38.66% on cotton wastes. Statistical analysis shows no signifficant different fromcultivation on cotton wastes, paddy straws and banana leaves (p<0,05).Cultivation of paddy straw mushroom caused pH into alkali with final pH 8.97 onpaddy straw; 8.55 on cotton wastes; and 7.95 on banana leaves."

"Although technological advances have fueled the rising demand for lipase as a biocatalyst, commercial availability remains limited and costs prohibitive. To meet this need, an extracellular lipase enzyme from Aspergillus niger can be produced through solid state fermentation (SSF) using agroindustrial wastes including tofu dregs, coconut dregs, and corn bran. These agroindustrial residues still contain nutrients, especially lipids/triglycerides, making them a potential fermentation medium to produce lipase. Lipase with the highest activity level (8.48 U/mL) was obtained using a tofu dreg substrate, 4% inducer concentration, and 9-day fermentation period. This crude lipase extract was then dried with a spray drier and immobilized in a macroporous anion resin using the adsorption-crosslinking method. The immobilized lipase’s activity was assayed by a biodiesel synthesis reaction; it showed 48.3% yield. The immobilized enzyme's stability was also tested through four cycles of biodiesel synthesis; in the fourth cycle, the enzyme maintained 84% of its initial activity."