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"Manggis merupakan buah yang banyak ditemukan di daerah tropis, dan sudah lama buah ini menjadi pilihan untuk dikonsumsi, beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa buah ini memiliki banyak kandungan vitamin dan juga antioksidan yang bermanfaat bagi tubuh manusia.Pada studi eksperimen ini digunakan ekstrak kulit buah manggis serta bakteri Acinetobacter baumanii.Tujuannya untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak kulit buah manggis untuk bakteritersebut. Metode: Metode yang digunakan untuk menguji aktivitas antibakteri adalah metode sumuran. Antibiotik serta ekstrak kulit buah manggis dipipetkan pada setiap sumuran dalam satu medium agar yang berbeda, dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda-beda. Kemudian diinkubasi pada suhu 37oC selama 24-72 jam. Zona hambat bakteri uji diukur dengan mengukur daerah yang bening di sekitar sumuran. Hasil: Melalui uji Kruskal Wallis didapatkan hasil nilai p= 0,000 yang membuktikan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna pada data-data tersebut. Dari uji Mann Whitney diperoleh hasil perbandingan antara tetrasiklin dengan aquades dan ekstrak kulit buah manggis dalam berbagai pengenceran memiliki perbedaan bermakna dengan nilai p < 0,05. Simpulan: Dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara statistik ekstrak kulit buah manggis tidak memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Data ini sesuai dengan hasil percobaan yang menunjukkan tidak terbentuknya zona hambat pada agar yang diberi ekstrak kulit buah manggis.

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Mangosteen is a fruit that is found in the tropics area, and has long been a choice of fruit for consumption, some studies have shown that this fruit has alot of vitamins and also antioxidants that are beneficial for human. In the experimental study of the use of mangosteen peel extract and Acinetobacter baumannii. The goal is to determine whether there is the antibacterial activity of mangosteen peel extracts for bacteria.

Methods: The method used to test the antibacterial activity is a method of diffusion. Antibiotics and mangosteen peel extract included in any medium in a different order, with different concentrations. Then incubated at 37 ° C for 24-72 hours. Bacterial inhibition zone test is measured by measuring the clear areas around sinks.

Results: Through the Kruskal Wallis test showed p=0.000 which proves that there are significant differences in the data. Mann Whitney test obtained from the comparison between tetracycline with distilled water and mangosteen peel extracts in differentdilutions havesignificant differences with p<0.05.

Discussion: The conclution that mangosteen peel extract has no antibacterial activity. The data are consistent with the results of experiments that showed no inhibition zone formation at a given order of mangosteen peel extracts."

"Masalah resistensi antimikroba yang berkembang menyebabkan munculnya kuman panresisten, yang resisten terhadap semua antimikroba yang tersedia. Munculnya bakteri panresisten ini menggambarkan suatu titik akhir yang mengkhawatirkan karena tidak tersedia pilihan terapi antibiotik yang rasional. Peningkatan kejadian resistensi antibiotik disertai penurunan produksi antibiotik baru sehingga diperlukan evaluasi dari kombinasi antibiotik yang sudah ada. Fosfomisin adalah antibiotik lama yang tidak memiliki resistensi silang dengan golongan antibiotik lain sehingga berpotensi menimbulkan interaksi yang sinergis terhadap bakteri resisten. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui interaksi antibakteri in vitro kombinasi fosfomisin dan beberapa antibiotik lain, yaitu doripenem, moksifloksasin, kolistin dan amikasin terhadap kuman batang Gram negatif panresisten. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan uji kombinasi antibiotik menggunakan metode Etest terhadap 15 isolat kuman panresisten, yang terdiri dari Acinetobater baumanii (n=8), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=5) dan Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=2). Interaksi yang terjadi dinilai berdasarkan indeks Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC), yaitu sinergi bila indeks FIC ≤ 0,5, indiferen bila indeks FIC 0,5 sampai 4, dan antagonis bila indeks FIC > 4. Isolat kuman berasal dari berbagai jenis spesimen yang diperiksakan di laboratorium otomasi RSUPNCM. Interaksi antibakteri in vitro yang terjadi terhadap isolat kuman A. baumanii, P. aeruginosa, dan K. pneumoniae panresisten, baik dengan kombinasi fosfomisin dan amikasin, fosfomisin dan doripenem, fosfomisin dan moksifloksasin, serta fosfomisin dan kolistin pada semua isolat bersifat indiferen (100%). Tidak ditemukan interaksi yang bersifat sinergi atau antagonis.

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The evolving problem of antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae has led to the emergence of clinical isolates to pandrug-resistant (PDR) isolates, i.e. resistant to all available antibiotics.The emergence of pandrug-resistant (PDR) bacteria represents a worrying endpoint in the development of antimicrobial resistance. The increased incidence of antibiotic resistance accompanied by decreased production of new antibiotics required the evaluation of combinations of existing antibiotics.

The aim of this study to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial interaction of combination fosfomycin with doripenem, amikacin, colistin and moxifloxacin against PDR Gram negative bacteria. We evaluated antibiotic combinatinons against 15 panresistant clinical isolates, which consisted of Acinetobater baumanii (n=8), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=5) dan Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=2). The in vitro antibacterial interactions were evaluated by determination of fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index. Synergy was defined as FIC index ≤ 0,5, indiferen as FIC index 0,5 to 4, and antagonism as FIC index > 4. The isolates were collected at RSUPNCM hospital from various clinical specimens.

The in vitro antibacterial interaction against A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae panresistant isolates, either with the combination of fosfomycin and amikacin, fosfomycin and doripenem, fosfomycin and moxifloxacin, as well as fosfomycin and colistin showed indifferent to all isolates (100%). No interaction was found synergistic or antagonistic."

"[Linear alkilbenzena sulfonat (LAS) adalah surfaktan dalam deterjen yang bersifat toksik terhadap organisme aquatik dan menurut Kepmenkes RI No. 492/MENKES/PER/IV/2010 kadar maksimum surfaktan dalam air adalah sebesar 0,5 mg/L. Degradasi LAS dilakukan dengan adsorpsi yang disimultan dengan peranan biofilm dari bakteri Acinetobacter baumanii yang terbentuk di atas permukaan karbon aktif jerami. Acinetobacter baumanii terbukti dapat membentuk biofilm diatas karbon aktif jerami dalam nutrient broth (NB), hal ini dibuktikan dengan adanya EPS (Extracellular Polymer Substance) pada Uji SEM dan FTIR. Analisis penurunan konsentrasi LAS dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik MBAS (methylene blue active substance). Pada penelitian ini dilakukan degradasi LAS dengan dua variasi yaitu pertama variasi konsentrasi LAS 10 ppm, 20 ppm dan 30 ppm serta kedua variasi massa karbon aktif jerami yaitu 60 g, 100 g dan 150 mg. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa degradasi dengan konsentrasi 20 ppm pada massa karbon 150 gram memberikan hasil persen degradasi yang lebih besar, mencapai 96% pada hari ke-4 diikuti oleh degradasi LAS dengan konsentrasi 10 ppm yang mencapai 95% dan terkahir konsentrasi 30 ppm mencapai 56,25%.;Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates (LAS) one of a kind surfactants in detergents and which is toxic to aquatic organisms, and according to Kepmenkes RI No. 492/MENKES/PER/IV/2010 the maximum levels of surfactant in water are 0.5 mg/L. LAS degradation conducted by adsorption simultaneously with the role of bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii biofilms formed on the surface of activated carbons straw. Acinetobacter baumannii shown to form biofilms on activated carbon straw in nutrient broth (NB), proven by the EPS (Extracellular Polymer Substance) presence in SEM and FTIR test. Degradation Analysis of LAS concentration was conducted by MBAS (Methylene Blue Active Substance). This research conducted with two variations: first variation is LAS concentration there are 10 ppm, 20 ppm and 30 ppm, and a second variation of the mass of activated carbon straw which are 60 g, 100 g and 150 g. The results showed that the LAS degradation with concentration 20 ppm at 150 grams have percentage degradation higher, reached 96% on day 4 followed by 95% for 10 ppm and the last 30 ppm, that is 56,25%.;Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates (LAS) one of a kind surfactants in detergents and which is toxic to aquatic organisms, and according to Kepmenkes RI No. 492/MENKES/PER/IV/2010 the maximum levels of surfactant in water are 0.5 mg/L. LAS degradation conducted by adsorption simultaneously with the role of bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii biofilms formed on the surface of activated carbons straw. Acinetobacter baumannii shown to form biofilms on activated carbon straw in nutrient broth (NB), proven by the EPS (Extracellular Polymer Substance) presence in SEM and FTIR test. Degradation Analysis of LAS concentration was conducted by MBAS (Methylene Blue Active Substance). This research conducted with two variations: first variation is LAS concentration there are 10 ppm, 20 ppm and 30 ppm, and a second variation of the mass of activated carbon straw which are 60 g, 100 g and 150 g. The results showed that the LAS degradation with concentration 20 ppm at 150 grams have percentage degradation higher, reached 96% on day 4 followed by 95% for 10 ppm and the last 30 ppm, that is 56,25%., Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates (LAS) one of a kind surfactants in detergents and which is toxic to aquatic organisms, and according to Kepmenkes RI No. 492/MENKES/PER/IV/2010 the maximum levels of surfactant in water are 0.5 mg/L. LAS degradation conducted by adsorption simultaneously with the role of bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii biofilms formed on the surface of activated carbons straw. Acinetobacter baumannii shown to form biofilms on activated carbon straw in nutrient broth (NB), proven by the EPS (Extracellular Polymer Substance) presence in SEM and FTIR test. Degradation Analysis of LAS concentration was conducted by MBAS (Methylene Blue Active Substance). This research conducted with two variations: first variation is LAS concentration there are 10 ppm, 20 ppm and 30 ppm, and a second variation of the mass of activated carbon straw which are 60 g, 100 g and 150 g. The results showed that the LAS degradation with concentration 20 ppm at 150 grams have percentage degradation higher, reached 96% on day 4 followed by 95% for 10 ppm and the last 30 ppm, that is 56,25%.]"