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"This paper presents new carrier-based and carrier-less ultra-wideband (UWB) transmitter architectures and their CMOS implementation. The carrier-based transmitter designed using a 0.18-?m CMOS process adopts a double-stage switching to enhance RF-power efficiency, reduce dc-power consumption and circuit complexity, and increase switching speed and isolation. Measurement results show that the generated UWB signal can vary from 2 V peak-to-peak with 3-dB 4-ns pulse width to 1 V with 0.5 ns, covering 10-dB signal bandwidths from 0.5 to 4 GHz, respectively. The generated UWB signal can be tuned to cover the entire UWB frequency range of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. The carrier-less transmitter integrates tuning delay circuit, square-wave generator, impulse-forming circuit, and pulse-shaping circuit in a single chip using a standard low-cost 0.25-?m CMOS process. It can generate monocycle pulse and Gaussian-type impulse (without the pulse-shaping circuitry) signals with tunable pulse duration. Measured results show that the carrier-less transmitter can produce 0.3–0.6 V peak-to-peak monocycle pulse with 140–350 ps tunable pulse-duration and 0.5–1.3 V peak-to-peak impulse signal with 100–300 ps tunable pulse-duration."

"Ultra Wide Band (UWB) merupakan teknologi baru yang diperkenalkan pada tahun 2002 oleh Federation Communication Commition (FCC) Amerika serikat. Teknologi UWB digolongkan sebagai Short Wireless Range (SWR) dengan area kerja kurang lebih 10m. Pada masa depan, teknologi ini merupakan pesaing kuat Bluetooth dan Wifi dalam layanan SWR. Rangkaian filter merupakan salah satu komponen yang banyak digunakan dalam teknologi telekomunikasi. Pada system UWB juga tidak lepas dari penggunaan rangkaian filter. Filter konvensional memiliki kekurangan pada dimensi filter yang relative besar sehingga kurang praktis jika diaplikasikan pada perangkat telekomunikasi. Pada bandpass filter dengan menggunakan saluran transmisi CRLH satu sel memiliki struktur dengan dimensi bisa mencapai ¼. Dengan hanya menggunakan satu sel dan besar dimensi struktur ¼ maka bandpass filter akan lebih kecil dan lebih praktis. Pada thesis ini dibahas perancangan sebuah rangkaian filter dengan menggunakan saluran transmisi CRLH satu sel yang diimplementasikan pada teknologi UWB, dengan daerah frekuensi kerja antara 3.1 GHz hingga 10.6 GHz. Bandpass filter mengunakan CRLH didesign berbentuk phi dengan kapasitor interdigital dan ground stub. Filter disimulasikan dengan menggunakan software CST Microwave Studio 2010, kemudian dilakukan fabrikasi dan pengukuran untuk memverifikasi hasil rancangan filter. Hasil pengukuran bandpass filter menggunakan saluran transmisi CRLH satu sel memiliki daerah frekuensi kerja antara 3.104GHz hingga 10.57GHz, dengan insertion loss kurang dari -1.5dB. Hasil dari perancangan menunjukkan bahwa saluran transmisi CRLH satu sel dapat memenuhi spesifikasi yang diminta.

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Ultra Wide Band (UWB) is a new technology introduced by the Federation Communication Commition (FCC) in February 2002. UWB technology is classified as Short Range Wireless (SWR) with a working area about 10m. In the future, this technology is a strong contender in the Bluetooth and Wifi in SWR service.

Filter circuit is one of the many components is used in telecommunications technology. In UWB systems are also not be separated from the use of the filter circuit. Conventional filters have the disadvantage in the relatively large dimensions of the filter so that less practical when applied to telecommunications equipment. In the bandpass filter using CRLH transmission line structure with a single cell has the dimensions could achieve ¼. Using only single cell and ¼-dimensional structure of the bandpass filter will be smaller and more practical.

This thesis discussed the design of a filter circuit using a single cell CRLH transmission line is implemented on UWB technology, with the working frequency between 3.1 GHz to 6.10 GHz. Bandpass filters designed using CRLH phi-shaped with interdigital capacitors and stub ground. Filter is simulated using the software CST Microwave Studio 2010, then performed the fabrication and measurement to verify the results of filter design.

The measurements results of bandpass filters using a cell CRLH transmission line has a working frequency region between 3.104GHz to 10.57GHz, with insertion loss less than-1.5dB. The results of the design showed that a single cell CRLH transmission line can meet the requested specifications."

"Ultrawideband (UWB) is a wireless application technology that is operated at frequency of 3.1 GHz-10.6 GHz and has fractional bandwidth greater than0.2 UWB system is designed to be operated with low power and can be operated in 60 th indoor and outdoor channels...."

"UWB ( Ultra Wide-Band) is a wireless application technology that has very high data rate and low power transmission. therefore, the application of UWB technology is very good for indoorbenvironment..."

"Kehadiran sistem UWB telah menawarkan potensi besar untuk desain komunikasi nirkabel jarak pendek berkecepatan tinggi dengan kapasitas transfer data yang sangat besar. Hal ini dapat dicapai dengan cara melakukan eksploitasi spasial dan perbedaan multipath melalui penggunaan sistem MIMO-OFDM dan teknik simbol yang tepat. Sistem tersebut mengkombinasikan antena MIMO dan teknik OFDM yang handal dalam mentransmisikan data berkecepatan tinggi, meski pada lingkungan multipath sekalipun. Juga dapat mengatasi distorsi delay spread dan unflat fading akibat kanal multipath, sehingga dapat dicapai efisiensi spektrum dan peningkatan throughput.Pada tesis ini dilakukan penelitian tentang MIMO OFDM berbasis SVD. Pemodelan kanalnya dilakukan dengan cara menerapkan konsep dekomposisi kanal frekuensi selektif fading ke bentuk kanal paralel flat fading dalam domain frekuensi. Model kanal domain frekuensi digunakan untuk menyajikan performansi kecepatan data yang berbeda. Kemudian mengembangkan konsep decouple kanal frekuensi selektif ke dalam domain spasial dengan cara mendekomposisi kanal MIMO flat fading ke dalam kanal domain spasial orthogonal menggunakan pendekatan berbasis SVD. Selanjutnya mengkom- binasikan decouple spasial berbasis SVD dengan decouple domain frekuensi berbasis FFT untuk mendapatkan model kanal paralel UWB MIMO OFDM. Akhirnya diharapkan bahwa analisa teoritis ini dapat diaplikasikan dalam sistem komunikasi nirkabel jarak pendek berkecepatan tinggi dengan menerapkan suatu cara untuk memilih kecepatan data yang berbasis pada kondisi kanal.The emerging UWB system offers a great potential for the design of high speed short range wireless communications which fully support high data streaming capacity. This can be achieved by exploiting both spatial and multipath diversity via the use of MIMO OFDM system and proper coding techniques. The systems combine MIMO antenna and OFDM technique which reliable in high data rate transmission even in multipath environment. It also overcomes delay spread distortion and unflat fading caused by multipath channels, thus high spectral efficiency and high throughput improvement can be achieved.

This thesis studies MIMO OFDM techniques base on singular value decomposition. The channel modeling is done by applying the concept of decomposition of frequency selective fading channel into parallel flat fading channel in the frequency domain. This frequency domain channel model is used to present the performance for different data rates. Then develops the concept of decoupling of frequency selective channel into spatial domain by presenting SVD based approach to decouple flat fading MIMO channels to orthogonal spatial channels. At least, the SVD based spatial domain decoupling is combined with FFT based frequency domain decoupling to obtain UWB MIMO OFDM parallel channel model. It is finally expected this theoretical analysis can be implemented in high speed short range wireless communication systems by applying a rate selection technique base on channel condit."

"Saat ini, berbagai macam peralatan nirkabel diletakkan di dekat tubuh manusia, baik secara implan maupun disematkan di permukaan tubuh manusia yang biasa dikenal dengan Body Wireless Communication System (BWCS). Selain itu, Microwave Tomography (MWT) yang sedang berkembang saat ini juga memerlukan antena yang dekat dengan tubuh manusia. Oleh karena itu, analisis studi interaksi antara perangkat wearable/implan dan tubuh manusia serta pengaruh gelombang elektromagnetik (EM) terhadap tubuh, perlu dilakukan telaah. Pada dasarnya interaksi gelombang EM dengan tubuh terdiri dari 2 tipe yaitu: pengaruh tubuh manusia terhadap kinerja antena dan pengaruh gelombang EM terhadap tubuh manusia. Agar dapat mengevaluasi studi interaksi tersebut, maka diperlukan model phantom sebagai media evaluasi. Pada tesis ini dirancang model phantom kepala manusia, terdiri dari dua model, yaitu model phantom homogen dan phantom 2-lapis. Model phantom homogen dimodelkan sebagai jaringan otot dengan permitivitas 2/3 nilai permitivitas dan konduktivitas otot pada rentang frekuensi ultrawideband yang diinvestigasi (yaitu di 3,1 GHz, 5,8 GHz dan 7,5 GHz). Model phantom 2-lapis dimodelkan dengan jaringan kulit dan otak. Model phantom tersebut diletakkan di dekat antena dipol, loop dan mikrostrip UWB, yang disimulasikan dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak CST Microwave Studio. Ketiga tipe antena tersebut digunakan untuk menganalisis pengaruh model phantom terhadap kinerja antena tersebut. Hasil simulasi antena ketika berada di dekat model phantom menunjukkan menunjukkan pergeseran frekuensi resonan ke frekuensi yang lebih rendah untuk antena dipol, loop dan mikrostrip UWB yang digunakan, dibandingkan ketika bekerja di udara bebas. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa material jaringan phantom menyerap gelombang EM yang ditransmisikan antena dan mempengaruhi impedansi antena sehingga frekuensi resonansi antena bergeser. Untuk memudahkan dalam validasi melalui pengukuran maka difabrikasi model phantom fisik 2/3 jaringan otot. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran antena ketika didekatkan ke model phantom fisik, frekuensi resonan antena dipol, loop dan mikrostrip UWB cenderung bergeser ke frekuensi yang lebih rendah. Nilai SAR phantom yang didekatkan dengan antena dipol, loop dan mikrostrip UWB bervariasi nilainya. Pengukuran SAR dilakukan dengan metode termografi, dimana phantom dipapar dengan gelombang elektromagnet selama 30 menit dengan daya sekitar 1 Watt. Nilai SAR hasil pengukuran yang memenuhi standar IEC adalah ketika phantom berada di dekat antena mikrostrip UWB yaitu < 10 Watt/kg.

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Many devices in common use today are worn either implanted, on or in the proximity to the body which is now commonly known as Body Wireless Communication System (BWCS). In addition, currently, microwave tomography (MWT) system is widely studied, which requires an antenna in close to the human body. Hence, a study on interaction between the human body and electromagnetic (EM) wave inevitably must be evaluated for wearable/implantable antennas and the effect of EM wave to the human body as well. Basically, the interaction of EM wave includes two types: an influence of the human body on the performance of antennas and an influence of EM wave on the human body.

This thesis proposes head phantom models i.e. a homogeneous phantom model and two-layers model. The homogeneous phantom is modelled as 2/3 muscle tissue in terms of its permittivity and conductivity in ultrawideband range (i.e. 3.1 GHz, 5.8 GHz and 7.5 GHz). The two-layer phantom is represented by brain and skin tissues. The phantom models are placed near to dipole, loop and microstrip UWB antennas, which are then simulated using CST Microwave Studio. Those three antennas are used to analyze the effect of phantom models on the performance of the antenna.

The simulation results when the antenna is near to the phantom models show that the resonant frequency shifts to a lower frequency for dipole, loop and microstrip UWB, comparing when they operate in free space. This shows that the phantom material absorbs the transmitted EM wave and affects the antenna impedance, so thus the resonant frequency of the antenna is shifted. In order to simplify validation by a measurement of the physical phantom model, such a phantom is fabricated by representing 2/3 muscle tissue.

According to the measured results, the resonant frequency of dipole, loop and microstrip UWB tend to shift to the lower frequency when the antenna is in the proximity to the physical phantom. The specific absorption rate (SAR) values on the phantom vary in value when the phantom is exposed to EM energy from the dipole, loop or microstrip UWB antenna. The SAR measurement is conducted by using thermographic method, where the phantom is exposed to EM wave for 30 minutes by an input power of about 1 Watt. The measured SAR values agree with the IEC standards (i.e. less than 10 Watts/kg ) when the phantom is exposed to EM wave by using an UWB microstrip antenna."