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"" In Arab Revolution in the 21st Century?, Nader Fergany presents a compassionate analysis of the Arab popular uprisings in the 21st century, with particular reference to the cases of Egypt and Tunisia. Under authoritarian rule, relentless injustice creates the objective conditions for expressions of popular protest which may culminate in popular uprisings, as witnessed in many Arab countries at the end of the first decade of the 21st century. Unsurprisingly, the slogans of the Arab Liberation Tide (ALT) popular revolts centered around freedom, implying sound democratic governance, social justice, and human dignity for all. In reality, the short-lived governance arrangements which followed the January 2011 popular revolt in Egypt, for example, were little more than extensions of the authoritarian governance system the revolt set out to overthrow. There were differences, of course, between the three short-lived regimes that took power since then, but in form, rather than substance. This book uses a structuralist political economy framework rather than a detailed historical account as it considers how the ALT may prove to be an historic opportunity for human renaissance in the Arab World - or alternatively a disaster of epic proportions. "--"The monograph aims to present a compassionate analysis of the Arab popular uprisings in the 21st century, with particular reference to two important cases, Egypt and Tunisia, in an analytic framework anchored in a structuralist political economy framework rather than a detailed historical account of the popular uprisings"--"

"ABSTRAKPada jurnal yang berjudul kota tua medina di Tunis ini, dibahas beberapa hal yang berkaitan dengan kota tua di wilayah Tunis, yaitu profil medina, pusat pendidikan di kota tua medina, tempat tinggal penduduk kota, pekerjaan penduduk kota, dan medina saat ini. Penulisan jurnal ini menggunakan metode sejarah dengan menggunakan tinjauan studi pustaka dari beberapa buku teks dan e-book. Teori yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah tata kota Islam. Medina merupakan sebutan untuk kota tua di negara-negara Timur Tengah. Di ibukota Tunisia, yaitu kota Tunis terdapat sebuah kota tua yang merupakan sejarah peradaban Islam di wilayah Afrika. Medina saat ini menjadi bagian dari Cagar Budaya Dunia UNESCO. Tata kota medina memberikan gambaran dari ciri kehidupan masyarakat dari suatu kota besar Islam. Kota Tua ini pernah menjadi pusat pendidikan ilmu pengetahuan Islam yang telah mencetak cendekiawan dan ulama terkemuka. Tempat tinggal penduduk kota tua medina memiliki dua unsur yang berpadu dengan harmonis, yaitu unsur Romawi dan Arab. Saat ini medina menjadi pusat perbelanjaan tradisional yang paling bersih serta aman di wilayah Timur Tengah.

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ABSTRACTIn a journal entitled Old town Medina in Tunis, discussed some matters relating to the old town in the Tunis region, the medina rsquo s profile, the educational center of the old town medina, the urban dwelling, the occupation of the city, and the medina today. The writing of this journal uses historical method by using literature review from several textbooks and e books. The theory used in this writing is the Islamic city layout. Medina is a term for old towns in Middle Eastern countries. In the Tunisian capital, the city of Tunis there is an old city which is the history of Islamic civilization in the African region. Medina is now part of UNESCO World Cultural Heritage. The Medina rsquo s city layout provides an overview of the characteristics of people 39 s lives from a major Islamic city. The Old town was once the center of Islamic science education that has scored leading scholars and scholars. The residence of the inhabitants of the old town medina has two elements that combine harmoniously, namely the elements of Roman and Arabic. Medina is now the most clean and safe traditional shopping center in the Middle East."

"Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang pakaian tradisional di Tunisia. Pakaian tradisional di Tunisia ternyata mengalami asimilasi dengan budaya luar yang pernah datang sebelum mereka berdaulat. Dalam sejarahnya, Tunisia pernah dikuasai oleh kekaisaran Romawi Byzantium, Dinasti Umayyah dan Abbasiyyah, bangsa Turki melalui Dinasi Utsmani, hingga Perancis yang memiliki budaya yang berbeda-beda. Artikel ini menggunakan metode kajian pustaka dan analisis data untuk mengungkap asimilasi budaya dalam pakaian tradisional Tunisia, serta kerangka teori yang digunakan pada penulisan ini adalah teori kebudayaan oleh Koentjaraningrat. Proses asimilasi budaya yang terjadi, dapat dilihat dari keberagaman pakaian adat yang biasa digunakan masyarakat modern Tunisia sekarang ini.

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This article explains the traditional clothes from Tunisia. These traditional clothes are the results from assimilation processes with other cultures which had ever come into Tunisia before it was independent. Looking from its history, Tunisia had been ruled by various conquerors, such as Byzantine Empire, Umayyah and Abasiyyah empire, Utsmani Empire which, and finally French colonialism. This article uses literature review and data analysis to discover cultural assimilation in Tunisian traditional clothes. This article also uses Koentjaraningrat’s theory of culture. The process of cultural assimilation can be revealed through the variety of Tunisian traditional clothed which are usually worn by modern Tunisian societies. "

"Penelitian ini membahas Peran Partai Al-Nahdhah dalam Rekonsiliasi Politik di Tunisia Tahun 2011-2015. Partai Al-Nahdhah merupakan partai Islam pemenang Pemilu pertama di Tunisia pasca revolusi 2011 dan berhasil memainkan peran penting dalam proses transisi politik Tunisia dengan merangkul semua golongan yang berbeda metode perjuangan dengan mereka. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk menjelaskan secara kualitatif fenomena yang diamati. Analisis Deskriptif digunakan untuk menginterpretasi data empiris menjadi kata-kata sebagai gambaran laporan penelitian. Untuk mendapatkan data yang akan dianalisis, penulis menggunakan metode pengumpulan data berupa wawancara, dokumen, dan informasi audio visual. Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan bagaimana peran dan capaian yang berhasil diraih partai Al-Nahdhah dalam rekonsiliasi politik di Tunisia tahun 2011-2015 dengan menerapkan pembuktian teori dan kerangka konsep yang menjelaskan tentang rekonsiliasi politik. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan konstribusi baru mengenai peran partai politik Islam Al-Nahdhah dalam kontestasi politik Tunisia pasca Rezim Ben Ali dan upayanya dalam rekonsiliasi politik. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa Al-Nahdhah berhasil memainkan peran penting dalam upaya rekonsiliasi politik di Tunisia pasca revolusi 2011.

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This research aims to examine the role of Al Nahdhah Party rsquo in Tunisia rsquo s Political Reconciliation in 2011 2015 period. Al Nahdhah is an Islamic party that has won the first election in post revolutionary Tunisia in 2011 and managed to play an important role in the political transition process to embrace all different classes to have a common goal to struggle with them. In addition, there is no studies yet that have specifically discussed the political reconciliation efforts by a political party as a method to improve relations between the divided political factions in Tunisia rsquo s political context. The analysis of this research uses qualitative methods to explain the observed phenomena qualitatively. Descriptive analysis is used to interpret the empirical data into words and as an overview of the research report. To get the data that will be analyze, the authors used data collection methods such as interviews, documents, and audio visual information. The purpose of this study explain how the role and achievements that were achieved by the Al Nahdhah party in Tunisia rsquo s political reconciliation in 2011 2015 periods by applying the theory and the conceptual framework that explains about political reconciliation. This research is expected to provide a new contribution on the role of Al Nahdhah Islamic political party in Tunisia rsquo s political contestation after Ben Ali regime and its efforts in political reconciliation. The result assumed that Al Nahdhah has an important role in Tunisia rsquo s political reconciliation after the revolution. "

"Revolusi Tunisia tahun 2011 tidak hanya berpengaruh pada perubahan sistem politik domestik maupun internasional. Tetapi juga telah mendorong munculnya identitas dalam wacana politik Tunisia yang menguat setelah terbentuknya pemerintahan demokratis. Tentu ini akan berdampak pada kebijakan luar negeri Tunisia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan konstruksi identitas dalam kebijakan luar negeri Tunisia pasca revolusi, dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif melalui studi pustaka. Sedangkan dalam analisis, menggunakan konsep identitas dalam teori konstruktivis dan kepentingan nasional. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan, di bawah pemerintahan Moncef Marzouki dan Caid Beji Essebsi, identitas berpengaruh penting dalam kebijakan luar negeri Tunisia. Hubungan Tunisia dengan Qatar dan Turki sangat dekat karena memiliki kesamaan identitas dan kepentingan nasional. Sebaliknya, hubungan Tunisia dengan Uni Emirat Arab bersifat konfliktual karena memiliki perbedaan identitas. Sementara hubungan Tunisia dengan Arab Saudi, meskipun awalnya konfliktual, tetapi setelah perubahan struktur domestik di Arab Saudi, hubungan kedua negara menjadi kooperatif (kerjasama).

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The Tunisian revolution in 2011 did not only effect changes in the domestic and international political system. But it has also encouraged the emergence of identity in Tunisian political discourse which strengthened after the formation of a democratic government. Of course, this will have an impact on Tunisian foreign policy. This study aims to explain the construction of identity in post-revolutionary Tunisian foreign policy, using qualitative research methods through literature study. While in the analysis, using the concept of identity in constructivist theory and national interests. The results of this study indicate, under the government of Moncef Marzouki and Caid Beji Essebsi, identity has an important influence on Tunisian foreign policy. Tunisia's relations with Qatar and Turkey are very close because they share a common identity and national interest. On the other hand, Tunisia's relationship with the United Arab Emirates is conflictual because it has different identities. While Tunisia's relations with Saudi Arabia, although initially conflicting, after changes in the domestic structure in Saudi Arabia, the relations between the two countries became cooperative (cooperation)."

"Skripsi ini membahas tentaang pemikiran reformasi Islam di Tunisia pada abad ke-19. Yang kemudian menjadi pertanyaan, apa yang melatarbelakangi terjadinya reformasi Islam di Tunisia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah, yakni peneliti mengkonstruksi masa lalu dari objek yang diteliti dengan studi kepustakaan. Tujuan penelitian ini, yaitu memberi gambaran mengenai biografi Khairuddin A-Tunisi mengenai masa muda, pendidikan, dan kariri politiknya. Selain itu, memberi gambaran bagaimana kondisi sosial politik di Tunisia pada tahun 1810-1889 dan pemikiran reformasi Khairuddin At-Tunisi.

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The focus of this research is about thought of Islamic reform in Tunisia in 19th century. Then, the problem is about the background of Islamic reform in Tunisia. The method of this research is historical method that method aimed reconstruction the past suitable with the object that was researched by literature study. The purposes of this research are give description about biography of Khairuddin At-Tunisi such as his education, life when he was young, and political career. Besides that to give description how to condition of social politic in Tunisia in 1810-1889 and reform thought of Khairuddin At-Tunisi."

"Penelitian ini mengkritisi nilai-nilai sosial yang terdapat dalam film yang berjudul ‘Shoumtu Al Qushur’. Film ini berasal dari Tunisia dan dirilis pada tahun 1994 yang disutradai oleh Moufida Tlatli. Film yang mengangkat isu kesetaraan gender di dunia Tunisia, secara khusus pada generasi para putri kesultanan yang hidup di masa penjajahan Prancis.’ Shoumtu Al Qushur’ dinobatkan sebagai film berpengaruh di Arab Saudi dan berhasil meraih penghargaan dalam Cannes Film Festival 1994. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah film yang berjudul ‘Shoumtu Al Qushur’. Pada film ini memuat berbagai macam diskriminasi serta perbudakan secara sosial maupun seksual. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengangkat isu kesetaraan gender yang terdapat di dalamnya. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode semiotika Roland Barthes. Hasil penelitian yang didapat bahwa perempuan di kerajaan Tunisia pada dekade 1960an mendapatkan perlakuan yang tidak terhormat bahkan banyak yang menjadi korban seksualitas dari para pejabat.

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This study criticizes the social values contained in the film entitled ‘Shoumtu Al Qushur’. This film originates from Tunisia and was released in 1994 which was directed by Moufida Tlatli. The film raises the issue of gender equality in the world of Tunisia, specifically for the generation of imperial princesses who lived during the French colonial period. ‘Shoumtu Al Qushur’ was named an influential film in Saudi Arabia and won an award at the 1994 Cannes Film Festival. The data source for this research is a film entitled ‘Shoumtu Al Qushur’. This film contains various kinds of social and sexual discrimination and slavery. The purpose of this research is to raise the issue of gender equality in it. The method used is Rolan Barthes semiotic method. The results of the research found that women in the Tunisian kingdom in 1960s received dishonorable treatment and even many of them became victims of sexuality from officials."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis serangkaian upaya Tunisia dalam mengkonsolidasi Negara demokrasi pasca Arab Spring pada periode 2014 sampai 2020. Periode tahun 2014 sebagai titik awal langkah maju untuk membangun demokrasi di Tunisia yang membawa harapan bagi masyarakat Tunisia akan ketidakstabilan politik dan di tahun 2020 sebagaimana dalam Indeks Demokrasi Tunisia pada tahun 2019 mendapatkan skor 6.72 (dari 10,00). Ini menunjukan bahwa Tunisia telah melakukan lompatan besar dalam mengonsolidasikan demokrasinya setelah Arab Spring. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus, dan data dianalisis dengan menggunakan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman. Analisis tahapan kondisi konsolidasi demokrasi di Tunisia dapat dilihat dalam perjalan sistem pemilihan Presiden dan Parlemen Tunisia pada periode 2014 dan 2019 yang bebas dan adil serta digunakannya Konstitusi baru 2014 menjadi tonggak utama demokratis yang menghormati kebebasan berorganisasi, kebebasan beragama, menjamin check and balance yang berkaitan dengan eksekutif dan mengakui kesetaraan gender. Faktor pendukung proses konsolidasi demokrasi di Tunisia diantaraya: 1) Kemauan tokoh-tokoh politiknya untuk berkompromi; 2) Sektor keamanan (militer) yang lemah dan 3) Kuatnya civil society mengawal proses demokrasi. Namun demikian, penerapan sistem demokrasi tersebut masih menjadi perdebatan dengan masalah tingkat ketidakpuasan yang signifikan tidak hanya dengan partai politik dan Parlemen, tetapi juga dengan institusi demokrasi itu sendiri. Pemerintahan masih belum mampu mengatasi tantangan mendesak, seperti pengangguran kaum muda, kesenjangan sosial ekonomi regional, marjinalisasi politik islam dan korupsi yang merajalela sehingga menjadi penghambat proses konsolidasi demokrasi.

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This study aims to analyze a series of Tunisian efforts in consolidating a post-Arab Spring democratic state in the period from 2014 to 2020. The 2014 period is the starting point for moving forward to build democracy in Tunisia which brings hope to the Tunisia society for the political instability in 2020 as shown in the Tunisia Democracy Index in 2019 got a score of 6.72 (out of 10,00). This shows that Tunisia has made a big leap in consolidating its democracy after the Arab Spring. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method, and the data is analyzed by using the interactive Miles and Huberman model. An analysis of the stages of the consolidation of democracy in Tunisia can be seen in the course of the Tunisian Presidential and Parliamentary election system in the 2014 and 2019 periods which were free and fair and the use of the new 2014 Constitution as the main democratic pillar that respects freedom of association, freedom of religion, guarantees checks and balances related to executive and recognizes gender equality. Contributing factors of the democratic consolidation process in Tunisia include: 1) the Willingness of political figures to compromise; 2) The security sector (military) is weak and 3) The strength of civil society overseeing the democratic process. However, the implementation of the democratic system has still in conflict with the problem of a significant level of dissatisfaction, not only with political parties and Parlement but also with the democratic institutions themselves. The government is still unable to overcome urgent challenges, such as youth unemployment, regional socio-economic disparities, the marginalization of Islamic politics and rampant corruption which have become obstacles to the process of consolidating democracy.  "