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"The SMST Conferences focus on real-world issues and applications of shape memory materials. This volume includes more than 75 edited technical papers and is an excellent reference on the latest technical advances, industrial applications, and current state-of-the-art in shape memory and superelastic technologies."

"The SMST Conferences are a series of shape memory industry conferences focusing on real-world issues and applications of shape memory materials. Each volume of the proceedings contains over 100 technical papers and is an excellent reference on the current state-of-the-art in the shape memory and superelastic industry.Topics covered include Medical and Dental Applications, Biocompatibility, Corrosion, Actuators, Connectors, Alloy Processing, Manufacturing Issues, Laser Processing, Design, Finite Element Analysis, and Shape Memory Thin Films."

"The SMST Conferences focus on real-world issues and applications of shape memory materials. This volume includes more than 100 edited technical papers and is an excellent reference on the latest technical advances, industrial applications, and current state of-the-art in shape memory and superelastic technologies."

"Edited by B. Berg, M.R. Mitchell, J. Proft Audience Engineers and researches involved in the application and study of shape memory and superelastic technologies."

"Metilamina yang disintesis dari metanol dan amoniak diteliti pada studi ini menggunakan katalis garam parsial kalium heteropoli (Cs3-xHxPW12O40 disingkat KPW). KPW dipreparasi dari asam heteropoli dan kalium karbonat dengan metode pertukaran ion. Reaksi dilakukan pada 600~800K dan tekanan atmosfir menggunakan reaktor alir kontinyu pada W/F=0,1~0,9g-kat.mnt./cc. Analisis konsentrasi produk dan reaktan menggunakan gas kromatografi sedangkan karakterisasi struktur katalis menggunakan XRD (X-ray diffraction) dan adsorbsi isothermal untuk menentukan ukuran pori katalis Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertukaran ion H dengan K untuk membentuk garam kalium heteropoli menyebabkan perubahan interstisial space yang teramati dengan berubahnya lattice constant dari kristal katalis. Ukuran pori yang lebih kecil dari Trimetilamina (TMA) akan tetapi lebih besar dari Monometilamina (MMA) dan Dimetilamina (DMA) menyebabkan TMA menjadi tidak diproduksi. Kristal KPW bersifat rigid sehingga pori yang terbentuk tidak berubah sepanjang reaksi, sebaliknya kristal (NH4)3PW12O40 tidak rigid dan ukuran pori mudah berubah tergantung dari ukuran metilamina yang teradsorbsi sehingga katalis ini menjadi tidak selektif terhadap metilamina yang berukuran kecil.

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Role of K3-xHxPW12O40 as a Catalyst in Selective Catalysis of Methylamine Synthesis from Ammonia and Methanol. Synthesize of methylamine from methanol and ammonia was studied in this research work using a partially potassium heteropoly salt (K3-xHxPW12O40 abbreviated as KPW) as a catalyst. KPW was prepared from heteropoly salt and potassium carbonate by using ion exchange method. The reaction was conducted at 600 ~ 800K and at the atmospheric pressure. Reactor used was a continue flow reactor with W/F=0,1~0,9g-kat.mnt./cc. Concentration of reactants and products were analyzed by gas chromathography while catalyst structure was observed by XRD (X-ray diffraction). Isothermal adsorption method was used for determining catalyst pore size. The result showed that ion exchange between H ion in zeolit with K ion produced potassium heteropoly salt that caused the change of interstitial space. The change of interstitial space was observed by the change of the lattice constant of the catalyst crystal. Trimethylamine(TMA) has molecule size smaller than catalyst pore size but bigger than molecular size of Dimethylamine (DMA) and Monimethylamine (MMA). This phenomenon caused the suppression of TMA formation. KPW has a rigid crystal structure and stabil during reaction. On the other hand, crystal structure of a non selective catalyst (NH4)3PW12O40 was not rigid and its pore size is easy to change depending on the product molecule size."

"The SMST Conferences are a series of shape memory industry conferences focusing on real-world issues and applications of shape memory materials. Each volume of the proceedings contains over 100 technical papers and is an excellent reference on the current state-of-the-art in the shape memory and superelastic industry. Topics covered include medical and dental applications, biocompatibility, corrosion, actuators, connectors, alloy processing, manufacturing issues, laser processing, design, finite element analysis, and shape memory thin films."

"In this paper, we present a 3D shape modeling system based on Tsai Shah shape from shading (SFS) algorithm. This SFS provides partial 3D shapes, as depth maps of the object to be reconstructed. Our previously developed Projected Polygon Representation Neural Network (PPRNN) performed the reconstruction process. This neural network is able to successively refine the polygon vertices parameter of an initial 3D shape based on 2D images taken from multiple views. The reconstuction is finalized by mapping the texture of object image to the 3 D initial shape. It is known from static stereo analysis that even though multiple view images are used, obtaining 3D structure without considering of base-distance information, i.e. focal separation between different camera positions, is impossible. Unless there is something else is known about the scene. Here we propose the use of shading features to extrat the 3D depth maps by using a fasat SFS algortihm, instead of rendering the object based on bare 2D images. A beginning result of reconstructing human (mannequin) head and face is presented. From our experiment, it was shown that using only 2D images would result a poor reconstruction. While using the depth-maps provides a smoother and more realistic 3D object. "

"Down's syndrome is caused by chromosom abberation namely 21 trisomy. Skeletal and neurological disorders are found in Down's syndrome patient. Skeletal disorder may cause craniofacial growth abnormalities, where neurological disorder may cause brain growth defects which result in mental retardation, as well as neuromuscular disorder, which results in muscular hypotonia. The aim of this study was to prove that facial shape in Down's syndrome patient was not only influenced by genetic factor, but also by environmental factors such as cognitive capability, oral muscular exercises, and oral muscular tone. The population consisted of Down's syndrome children aged 14 to 18 years from sekolah Luar Biasa (Special School) in Jakarta. Samples used in the study consisted of 25 Down's syndrome patients. Clinical and cytogenetic test were conducted to ensure a diagnosis. Lateral cephalograms were made to analyze facial shape by Fourier analysis on gonion angle. lntelligence Quotient (lQ) and Social Quotient (SQ) tests, electromyography examination of the masseter and temporal muscles, oral function examination and speech therapy questionnaires to the respondents were performed. The data were analyzed using path analysis. Based on the results of the study, it could be concluded that the genetic factor is the main factor causing Down's syndrome facial shape abnormalities. The environmental factors such as oral muscular tone cognitive capability, and oral muscular exercies may also play role in Down's syndrome facial shape."