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"The cultivated variety of the non-native I. coccinea, Dwarf Red Coccinea @RC), is most popular and widely spread all over Thailand. However, knowledge about its pollen morphology and fertility for plant breeding purposes, is limited. This study aimed to investigate the quantity, viability and germinability of pollen grains collected from the flowers of DRC at different times on a summer day, particularly from 8 AM to 4 PM. Pollen quantity was determined using a haemacytometer while its viability and germinability were examined after staining with 1% acetocarmine and allowing the pollen to germinate on a modified agar-gelled germination medium. The pollen collected at 10 AM had the highest pollen density (53.3x104 pollen/mL) and viability percentage (72.05'/0). When these pollen were allowed to germinate on an artificial medium suppleented with various sucrose concentrations, the highest in vitro pollen germinability was found at the medium containing 10% sucrose. Hence, the best time to collect the I. coccinea, cv. 'Dwarf Red Coccinea' pollen was at 10 AM. However, further investigations are recommended on the effects of daily or hourly environmental changes particularly, ambient temperature and humidity, on the quantity and quality of harvestable pollen as well as on the pistil phenology, to develop a more complete breeding strategy for the Ixora species"

"Screening of the endophyte microbes in cinchona of C. ledgeriana and C pubescens that could produce alkaloids has been carried out....."

"Medicinal plants, called "Sarang Semut", myrmecodia pendens Merr. & Perry (Rubiaceae) is an epiphyt traditionally used in Papua for healing various diseases such as hyperuricemia, reumathic, and cancer. A chemical compound recognized as xanthinoxidase inhibitor has been isolated from n-buthanol fraction of the palnt extrac. The isolation was carried out by column chromatography (Sio,CHCL - MeOH = 5 : 1-1 : ) and the purification was conducted using high presure liquid chromatography (RP,C - 18 ; MeOH - = 5 : 1)). The activity test for xanthinoxidase inhibitor was performmed by using modified Noro method. The pure compound showed xanthinoxidase inhibitor activity of IC at 79,77%"

"Diabetes melitus (DM) adalah gangguan metabolik yang ditandai dengan tingginya kadar gula darah sebagai akibat resistensi insulin, insufisiensi sekresi insulin, atau keduanya. Salah satu jenis DM adalah Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (DM tipe 2) dan salah satu cara pengobatannya yaitu dengan penghambatan kerja enzim α-glukosidase. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas penghambatan enzim α-glukosidase dari ekstrak etanol 80% beberapa simplisia dari famili Apocynaceae dan Rubiaceae, untuk mengetahui jenis mekanisme penghambatan dari ekstrak yang memiliki aktivitas paling baik, dan untuk mengetahui golongan senyawa kimia yang terkandung pada ekstrakekstrak tersebut. Pengujian aktivitas penghambatan enzim α-glukosidase dilakukan secara in vitro menggunakan metode spektrofotometri. Nilai IC50 ekstrak-ekstrak dalam penelitian ini berkisar antara 3,64 µg/mL sampai dengan 181,90 µg/mL. Ekstrak daun Amaracarpus pubescens Blume. memiliki aktivitas penghambatan paling baik. Jenis mekanisme penghambatan kerja enzim α-glukosidasenya adalah penghambat campuran (mixed inhibitor). Kandungan golongan senyawa kimia yang banyak ditemukan pada ekstrak etanol 80% dari lima simplisia famili Apocynaceae dalam penelitian ini adalah tanin, glikosida, saponin, dan antrakuinon. Sedangkan, pada ekstrak etanol 80% dari sepuluh simplisia famili Rubiaceae dalam penelitian ini adalah alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid, tanin, glikosida, dan antrakuinon.

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels as a result of insulin resistance, insulin secretion insufficiency, or both. One type of DM is Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (type 2 DM) and one way of its treatment is by inhibiting the α-glucosidase. The purpose of this study was to determine the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of ethanol 80% extracts of several symplicia from the Apocynaceae and Rubiaceae, to determine inhibitory mechanism type of the extract that has the best activity, and to screen the phytochemical compounds contained in these extracts. Inhibitory activity testing of the α-glucosidase was performed in vitro using spectrophotometric methods. IC50 value of extracts in this study ranged from 3.64 µg/mL to 181.90 µg/mL. Amaracarpus pubescens Blume. leaf extract has the best inhibitory activity. Its type of enzyme inhibition mechanism is the mixed inhibitor. The phytochemical compounds which are found in ethanol 80% extracts of five symplicia of Apocynaceae in this study are tannins, glycosides, saponins and anthraquinones. Meanwhile, in ethanol 80% extracts of ten symplicia of Rubiaceae in this study are alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, glycosides, and anthraquinones."