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"The tradition in sociology which trying to distinguish natural sciences from social sciences have made the discussion of nature are excluded from the subject of sociology. Afterward this trend is criticized by most of sociologist. The sociologist believe that the tradition has hampered sociologists from understanding environmental problems. This group of sociologists believes that is extremely important to include non-social (natural) factors as variables in sociological analysis in order to allow the discipline to solve environmental problems. However, some of sociologist are against this attempt and explain that even though sociology does not include non-social factors in the analysis; sociology, as a discipline, has given its attention to the awareness in environmental problems and emphasized numerous studies that give sufficient contribution to the environment. Thus, in its effort to solve the environmental problems, sociology gives 2 (two) different answers which are represented in 2 (two) different perspectives. The two perspectives have made sociology capable of giving important contribution in both understanding and solving existing environmental problems faced by different societies in the world. These two perspectives, with its own capability, has given a meaningful contribution."

"One of the perennial themes in philosophy is the problem of our access to the world around us; do our perceptual systems bring us into contact with the world as it is or does perception depend upon our individual conceptual frameworks? This volume of new essays examines reference as it relates to perception, action and realism, and the questions which arise if there is no neutral perspective or independent way to know the world. The essays discuss the nature of referring, concentrating on the way perceptual reference links us with the observable world, and go on to examine the implications of theories of perceptual reference for realism and the way in which scientific theories refer and thus connect us with the world. They will be of interest to a wide range of readers in philosophy of psychology, cognitive science and action theory.Machine generated contents note: 1. Reference, perception, and realism Athanassios Raftopoulos and Peter Machamer; 2. Towards an (improved) interdisciplinary investigation of demonstrative reference Amanda Brovold and Rick Grush; 3. Visual demonstratives Mohan Matthen; 4. Losing grip on the world: from illusion to sense-data Derek Brown; 5. Perceiving the intended model John Campbell; 6. Individuation, reference, and sortal terms Jonathan Lowe; 7. Action, perception, and reference Peter Machamer and Lisa Osbeck; 8. Personal and semantic reference Gerald Vision; 9. Reference from a behaviorist point of view Don Howard; 10. Causal-descriptivism and the reference of theoretical terms Stathis Psillos; 11. Scientific representation, denotation, and explanatory power Demetris Portides; 12. Referring to localized cognitive operations in parts of dynamically active brains William Bechtel."

"ABSTRAKPuisi Baeksu-ui Tanshik (Keluhan Si Tangan Putih) adalah salah satu karya representatif dari Kim Ki- Jin, seorang penulis Korea yang sepanjang masa kepenulisannya telah mengeluarkan banyak karya realisme sosialis. Pada periode aktifnya kegiatan KAPF, karya sastra yang diterbitkan memiliki tujuan khusus, yaitu untuk berpihak kepada kelas pekerja dan buruh dan bersifat melawan kekuasaan yang menekan kelas pekerja dan buruh, yang kemudian disebut dengan pro-munhak atau sastra proletar. Sastra proletar pada umumnya menggunakan karakteristik realisme sosialis untuk menyampaikan maksud para penyair. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mencari unsur realisme sosialis pada puisiBaeksu-ui Tanshik dan membuktikan bahwa puisi tersebut merupakan puisi realisme sosialis. Karakteristik realisme sosialis dianalisis melalui pendekatan sosiologi sastra, melalui unsur pembentuk puisi yaitu kiasan dan pilihan kata. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptifanalitis, dengan pendekatan intrinsik dan ekstrinsik. Hasil riset menunjukkan bahwa puisi ini memilikiciri yaitu karya memiliki tokoh marxis, karya memiliki formula dan struktur, karya tidak mengandung arti yang ambigu, dan karya memiliki akhiran atau pesan yang membangun. Meski di dalam puisi ini tidak ada ciri pencantuman seseorang atau sesuatu yang dianggap rival dari sosialisme dan pemasukkan unsur politik dalam bahasa yang retoris, dapat disimpulkan bahwa puisi ini merupakan puisi realisme sosialis.

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ABSTRACTBaeksu-ui Tanshik (White Hands Sigh) is one of the representative works of Kim Ki-Jin, a Korean writer who have produced many works of socialist realism. In the period of active KAPF activities, published literary works had a special purpose, to side with the working class and are against the power that suppresses the working class, which is then called pro-munhak or proletarian literature. Proletarian literature generally uses the characteristics of socialist realism to convey the intent of poets. This research aims to look for elements of socialist realism in Baeksu-Tanshik s poetry and prove that the poem is poetry of socialist realism. The characteristics of socialist realism are analyzed through the sociological approach of literature, through the forming elements of poetry, namely figures of speech and choice of words. The method used is descriptive-analytical method, with intrinsic and extrinsic approaches. The results of the research show that this poem has the characteristic that says that the poem has a Marxist character, the poem has a formula and structure, the poem does not contain ambiguous meanings, and the poem has a constructive message or suffix. Although in this poem there is no characteristic of someone or something that is considered a rival of socialism and the inclusion of political elements in rhetorical language, it can be concluded that this poem is a poem of socialist realism."