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"Senyawa yang memiliki aktivitas modulasi reseptor estrogen diperlukan untuk pengobatan osteoporosis dengan cara meningkatkan aktivitas pembentukan osteoblas (osteoblastogenesis). Senyawa antrakinon dan stilbena yang terdapat dalam tanaman genus Rheum dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas terhadap reseptor estrogen.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengungkap efek osteoblastogenesis dari tanaman asli Indonesia yaitu akar kelembak (Rheum officinale Baill) yang diekstraksi menggunakan etanol 70%. Ekstrak ini diuji aktivitasnya pada sel 3T3 L1 preadiposit dalam media diferensiasi osteogenik pada konsentrasi 25, 50, 75, 100, dan 125 μg/mL. Sel 3T3 L1 dapat berdiferensiasi menjadi osteoblas yang ditandai dengan terbentuknya warna biru pada pewarnaan alkali fosfatase (ALP). Kadar ALP menurun berturut-turut pada konsentrasi 75, 100, dan 125 μg/ml. Tidak terjadi mineralisasi osteoblas yang ditunjukkan dengan negatifnya pewarnaan alizarin merah.Hasil pemeriksaan ekspresi mRNA dengan Reverse Transcriptase PCR (RT PCR) menunjukkan bahwa ekspresi gen key regulator diferensiasi osteoblas yaitu Runx2 dan BMP-2 cenderung meningkat sesuai dengan naiknya konsentrasi ekstrak. Sebaliknya, ekspresi gen reseptor estrogen α (ER α) dan β (ER β) cenderung menurun sesuai dengan naiknya konsentrasi ekstrak. Konsentrasi ekstrak paling efektif untuk meningkatkan diferensiasi osteoblas adalah 50 μg/mL karena pada konsentrasi ini terjadi peningkatan kadar alkali fosfatase, peningkatan ekspresi Runx2 dan BMP-2 dan penurunan ekspresi ER α.

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Compounds with estrogen receptor modulation activity are necessary to treat osteoporosis by increasing osteoblast formation activity (osteoblastogenesis). Anthraquinone and stilbene compounds from genus Rheum have been reported to exert modulation activity toward estrogen receptors.This research aimed to reveal osteoblastogenesis activity of an Indonesian native plant, akar kelembak (Rheum officinale Baill.) extracted with 70% ethanol. The extract obtained was tested on 3T3 L1 preadipocyte cell lines cultured in osteogenic differentiation medium with concentrations of extract of 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 μg/mL . The differentiations of these cells were marked by blue staining of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining. The ALP level decrease progressively at 75, 100, and 125 μg/mL. No mineralized nodules or positive alizarin red staining was observed. mRNA expression level of osteoblastic markers were detected by Reverse Transcriptase PCR (RT PCR).The results indicate that the key regulator genes of osteogenesis differentiation, Runx2 and BMP-2, tend to increased, while estrogen receptor α (ER α) and β (ER β) tend to decreased, in a dose-dependent manner. It was suggested that osteogenic differentiation was best stimulated at concentration of 50 μg/mL based on the increase of alkaline phosphatase level as well as mRNA level of Runx2 and BMP-2, while mRNA level of ER α was decreased."

"Pendahuluan. Sel punca mesenkimal merupakan jawaban untuk berbagai penyakit, termasuk orthopedi. Meskipun jumlah terbatas, prosedur invasif, nyeri, dan sel yang relatif sedikit, sumsum tulang masih menjadi sumber utama. Adiposa menjadi alternatif menjanjikan dengan kemampuan sebanding. Dengan meningkatnya harapan hidup, jumlah pasien tua meningkat dan menjadi sangat potensial untuk aplikasi sel punca. Namun, timbul kontroversi mengenai kualitas sel punca pada penuaan. Metode Penelitian. Penelitian dilakukan di Unit Pelayanan Terpadu Teknologi Kedokteran Sel Punca Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo-Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta sejak Oktober 2015 - Maret 2016. 12 subjek dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok usia; 15-30 tahun, 31-40 tahun, dan 41-55 tahun dan dilakukan pengambilan sumsum tulang krista iliaka posterior dan adiposa, kemudian dilakukan isolasi dan kultur sel punca mesenkimal. Peneliti melakukan analisis karakteristik biologis, waktu penggandaan populasi, diferensiasi osteogenik, dan pewarnaan Alizarin. Seluruh data dianalisis dengan SPSS 20. Temuan Penelitian. Karakteristik biologis dan pewarnaan Alizarin Red menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna sel punca mesenkimal sumsum tulang dan adiposa pada kelompok usia sama(p>0,05). Waktu penggandaan populasi menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan sel punca mesenkimal sumsum tulang dan adiposa pada kelompok 31-40 tahun(p=0,028) dan 41-55 tahun(p=0,035). Kesimpulan. Sel punca mesenkimal adiposa menunjukkan karakteristik biologis, waktu penggandaan populasi, dan diferensiasi osteogenik yang konstan. Sel punca mesenkimal sumsum tulang menunjukkan waktu penggandaan populasi yang menurun seiring usia, berbeda dengan karakteristik biologis dan diferensiasi osteogenik. Adiposa dapat menjadi pilihan sumber sel punca mesenkimal pada setiap golongan usia.

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Introduction. Mesenchymal stem cell is the answer of many medicine problems, including orthopaedic. Bone marrow is still the main source. Because of limited source, invasive procedure, pain, and relative less cell, adipose will be promising source with equal regenerating and differentiating ability. Along with increasing life expectancy, geriatric population is increasing as well as the potential need for stem cell application. Yet there is still controversy about stem cell quality in aging.

Methods. This study was conducted in Stem Cell Medical Technology Integrated Service Unit Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital-Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, October 2015 - March 2016. 12 patients were divided into 3 age group; 15-30 year, 31-40 year, and 41-55 year. Bone marrow from posterior iliac crest and adipose tissue were collected, mesenchymal stem cell isolation and culture were done subsequently. Biological characterization, Population Doubling Time, osteogenic differentiation, and alizarin red assay were carried out. All data was analyzed using SPSS 20.

Results. No significant difference was observed in biological characteristic and Alizrin red assay of bone marrow and adipose mesenchymal stem cell among age group (p>0.05). There is significant difference in Population Doubling time in 31-40 year group(p=0.000) and 41-55 year group(p=0.000).

Conclusions. Adipose mesenchymal stem cell had steady biological characteristic, Population Doubling Time, and osteosteogenic differentiation. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell had increasing population doubling time in increasing age, apart from biological characteristic and osteogenic differentiation. Adipose could be the source of choice in harvesting mesenchymal stem cell at any age."

"Latar belakang: Celah bibir dan palatum adalah kelainan bawaan yang mempengaruhi regio orofacial. Perawatan yang menjadi baku emas untuk pasien celah bibir dan palatum adalah autologous bone graft. Namun, perawatan ini masih invasif dan ada beberapa kekurangannya sehingga perlu teknik rekayasa jaringan dengan sel stromal. Sel stromal mesenkim yang terdapat dalam rongga mulut adalah sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung (SHED) dan sel stromal pulpa gigi permanen (DPSC). Kemampuan diferensiasi osteogenik SHED dan DPSC pada subjek normal sudah diketahui. Namun, kemampuan diferensiasi osteogenik dengan ekspresi gen RUNX-2 pada DPSC dan SHED pasien celah bibir dan palatum belum diketahui secara pasti. Tujuan: Membandingkan kemampuan diferensiasi osteogenik sel stromal pulpa gigi permanen pasien celah bibir dan palatum dengan sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung pasien celah bibir dan palatum melalui ekspresi gen RUNX-2. Metode: DPSC celah bibir dan palatum dan SHED celah bibir dan palatum dikultur dengan medium osteogenik dan tanpa medium osteogenik selama 21 hari. Sampel RNA diperoleh kultur sel stromal pulpa gigi permanen (DPSC) dan sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung (SHED) pasien celah bibir dan palatum. Selanjutnya diuji ekspresi gen RUNX-2, dan housekeeping gene 18S dengan Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Hasil: Tidak ada perbedaan kemampuan diferensiasi sel stromal pulpa gigi permanen pasien celah bibir dan palatum dengan sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung pasien celah bibir dan palatum melalui ekspresi gen RUNX-2. Kesimpulan: Kemampuan diferensiasi osteogenik sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung pasien celah bibir dan palatum ekuivalen dengan sel stromal pulpa gigi permanen pasien celah bibir dan palatum.

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Background: Cleft lip and palate are congenital anomalies that affect the orofacial region including lips, alveolar ridge, hard palate, and soft palate. Patients with cleft lip and palate have impaired esthetic and stomatognathic functions. The gold standard treatment for cleft lip and palate patients is an autologous bone graft. However, this treatment is still invasive and has some limitations therefore requires tissue engineering techniques by using stromal cells. Mesenchymal stromal cells that are found in the mouth are stromal cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) and dental pulp stromal cells (DPSC). The osteogenic differentiation of SHED and DPSC normal subjects are well known. Nevertheless, the osteogenic differentiation capacity by RUNX-2 mRNA expression in DPSC and SHED cleft lip and palate patients is still need to be elucidated. Objective: To compare the osteogenic differentiation capacity of stromal cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth and dental pulp stromal cells in cleft lip and palate patients through RUNX-2 gene expression. Methods: DPSC and SHED cleft lip and palate patients were cultured with and without osteogenic medium for 21 days. RNA sample were collected from cell culture followed by the examination of RUNX-2 and 18S gene expression were tested by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Result: There was no difference in osteogenic differentiation capacity between DPSC and SHED cleft lip and palate patients through RUNX-2 gene expression. Conclusion: The osteogenic differentiation capacity of SHED was equivalent to DPSC of cleft lip and palate patients."

"Diferensiasi osteogenik dari Sel punca mesenkim (MSC) menjadi osteoblas memiliki signifikansi klinis yang sangat penting untuk mengobati cedera tulang. Berbagai penelitian telah dilakukan untuk meneliti faktor-faktor yang dapat meningkatkan diferensiasi osteogenik, termasuk pengembangan perancah untuk kultur MSC. Perancah Polivinil Alkohol (PVA)/ Fibroblast-derived Matrix (hFDM) asal manusia menjadi salah satu kandidat perancah yang diduga dapat mendukung diferensiasi osteogenik MSC. Keberadaan matriks ekstraseluler (ECM) pada perancah dapat meregulasi berbagai aktivitas seluler melalui komponen protein matriks yang terdapat pada ECM. Protein matriks berperan sebagai sekuesterasi berbagai faktor pertumbuhan. Faktor pertumbuhan seperti BMP2 dan chordin diketahui dapat meregulasi diferensiasi osteogenik. Proses terjadinya diferensiasi osteogenik dapat diamati melalui akumulasi mineral kalsium yang terdeposit pada matriks ekstraseluler. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui metode optimum dalam pembuatan perancah PVA/hFDM, danmengetahui peran perancah PVA/hFDM dalam mempengaruhi diferensiasi osteogenik MSC dengan mengukur ekspresi gen BMP2, dan chordin, serta ekspresi kadar kalsium relatif pada matriks ekstraseluler. Optimasi pembuatan perancah PVA hFDM dimulai dengan optimasi medium kultur, waktu kultur, preparasi, dan teknik deselulerisasi. hFDM dikarakterisasi menggunakan pewarnaan Hematoxylin, Masson Trichrome, dan Imunohistokimia untuk mengetahui keberadaan protein matriks. MSC dikultur pada perancah PVA/hFDM untuk uji diferensiasi osteogenik selama 21 hari. Sampel RNA diisolasi pada hari ke-7,14, dan 21. Ekspresi gen BMP2 dan chordin dianalisis menggunakan metode qRT-PCR. Adapun ekspresi kadar kalsium relatif dianalisis dengan uji kualitatif dan kuantitatif pewarnaan Alizarin Red. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan protokol pembuatan perancah PVA/hFDM telah dioptimasi, dan karakterisasi hFDM memperlihatkan keberadaan protein matriks berupa kolagen dan biglycan. Ekspresi gen BMP2 menurun pada kelompok MSC yang dikultur pada perancah PVA/hFDM baik di hari ke-7, 14, dan 21. Sedangkan ekspresi gen chordin meningkat pada kelompok MSC yang dikultur pada perancah PVA/hFDM di hari ke 7, dan 14, kembali menurun di hari ke-21. Ekspresi kadar kalsium relatif cenderung meningkat pada kelompok MSC yang dikultur pada perancah PVA/hFDM dengan gambaran mikroskopis berupa bercak merah pada permukaan perancah. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah perancah PVA/hFDM cenderung dapat mendukung diferensiasi osteogenik MSC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan perancah PVA/hFDM dapat menurunkan ekspresi gen BMP2, dan meningkatkan ekspresi gen chordin, serta cenderung meningkatkan ekspresi kadar kalsium relatif yang terdeposit pada matriks ekstraseluler.

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Osteogenic differentiation from Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) to osteoblasts has great clinical significance for treating bone injury. Various studies have been conducted to investigate factors that can enhance osteogenic differentiation, including scaffold development for MSC culture. Scaffold Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) / human Fibroblast-derived Matrix (hFDM) is a scaffold candidate assumed to support osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. The extracellular matrix (ECM) presence on the scaffold can regulate various cellular activities through the matrix protein components contained in the ECM. Matrix protein plays a role in sequestering multiple growth factors. Growth factors such as BMP-2 and chordin are to regulate osteogenic differentiation. The process of osteogenic differentiation can be observed by accumulating calcium minerals in the extracellular matrix. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal method for making PVA / hFDM scaffold and to determine the role of the PVA / hFDM scaffold in affecting MSC osteogenic differentiation by measuring the expression of BMP2 and chordin genes, as well as the expression of relative calcium levels in the extracellular matrix. Optimization of making hFDM PVA scaffold begins with the optimization of culture medium, culture time, preparation, and decellularization techniques. hFDM was characterized using Hematoxylin, Masson Trichrome, and Immunohistochemical staining to determine matrix proteins' presence. MSCs were cultured on the PVA / hFDM scaffold for osteogenic differentiation assay for 21 days. RNA samples were isolated on day 7,14 and 21. Expression of BMP2 and chordin genes were analyzed using the qRT-PCR method. The expression of relative calcium levels was analyzed by qualitative and quantitative tests of Alizarin Red staining. The results of this study indicate that the PVA / hFDM scaffold preparation protocol has been optimized, and the hFDM characterization shows the presence of matrix proteins in the form of collagen and biglycan. BMP-2 gene expression decreased in the MSC group cultured on the PVA / hFDM scaffold on days 7, 14, and 21. In contrast, the chordin gene expression increased in the MSC group cultured on the PVA / hFDM scaffold on days 7, and 14, back down on day 21. The expression of relative calcium levels tended to increase in the MSC group cultured on the PVA / hFDM scaffold with a microscopic appearance of red spots on the scaffold surface. This study concludes that Scaffold PVA / hFDM tends to support osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. The results showed that the use of the PVA / hFDM scaffold could decrease the expression of the BMP2 gene, and increase the expression of the chordin gene, and tended to increase the expression of the relative calcium levels deposited in the extracellular matrix.

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"Latar belakang: Celah bibir dan palatum (CLP) adalah kegagalan fusi prosesus frontonasal dan maksilaris yang menghasilkan celah yang meluas ke bibir, alveolus, dasar hidung, dan palatum keras maupun lunak. Diperlukan perawatan melalui teknik rekayasa jaringan dengan menggunakan sel stromal mesenkim yang dapat ditemukan pada dental pulp stromal cells (DPSC). Kemampuan osteogenik DPSC dapat dilihat melalui deteksi marker osteogenik seperti osteopontin (OPN). Osteopontin merupakan salah satu marker utama diferensiasi osteogenik yang diproduksi oleh osteoblas dalam proses pembentukan dan mineralisasi tulang. Pada pasien CLP diketahui perbedaan ekspresi gen yang dapat memengaruhi sintesis matriks ekstraseluler. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kemampuan diferensiasi osteogenik melalui ekspresi marker osteopontin saat diferensiasi osteoblas pada pasien celah bibir dan palatum. Tujuan: Membandingkan kemampuan diferensiasi osteogenik sel stromal pulpa gigi subjek normal dengan sel stromal pulpa gigi pasien celah bibir dan palatum melalui ekspresi gen osteopontin. Metode: Sampel RNA yang diperoleh dari kultur sel pulpa gigi subjek normal dan pasien celah bibir dan palatum diuji dengan Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) dengan primer osteopontin (OPN) dan 18S sebagai housekeeping gene. Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan antara ekspresi relatif gen OPN sel stromal pulpa gigi subjek normal dan pasien celah bibir dan palatum. Kesimpulan: Kemampuan diferensiasi osteogenik sel stromal pulpa gigi pada pasien celah bibir dan palatum ekuivalen dengan sel stromal pulpa gigi pada subjek normal.

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Background: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) occurs due to the failure of fusion of the frontal and maxillary process that results in a cleft that extends to the lip, alveoli, nose floor, and hard and soft palate. One of the potentially alternative treatment for CLP cases is tissue engineering technique using Mesenchymal Stromal Cell (MSC). MSC can be found in dental pulp stromal cells (DPSC). Osteogenic ability can be seen through the detection of osteogenic markers such as osteopontin (OPN). Osteopontin is one of the main markers of osteogenic differentiation produced by osteoblast in the process of bone formation and mineralization. Osteopontin is expressed by preosteoblasts in early bone formation and mature osteoblasts at bone remodelling sites. Osteopontin expression as one of osteogenic markers in cleft lip and palate patients is unknown. This study was conducted to determine the ability of osteogenic differentiation through the expression of osteopontin in cleft lip and palate patients. Objective: To compare osteogenic differentiation ability of mesenchymal stromal cells in cleft lip and palate patients and normal subject through the expression of osteogenic marker osteopontin. Methods: RNA sample that was obtained through RNA extraction from dental pulp stromal cells of cleft and lip palate patients and normal subjects were tested with Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) using osteopontin and 18S as housekeeping gene. Results: There was no difference between the relative expression of OPN gene in DPSC from normal subject and cleft lip and palate patients. Conclusion: Osteogenic differentiation ability of dental pulp stromal cells from cleft lip and palate patients is equivalent with dental pulp stromal cells from normal subjects."

"Latar Belakang: Celah bibir dan palatum adalah keadaan dimana terdapat gangguan fusi atau celah abnormal bawaan pada daerah bibir atas, alveolar, dan palatum serta dapat menimbulkan masalah pada penderita seperti gangguan estetika dan masalah saat berbicara. Perawatan rekonstruksi tulang dengan autologous bone graft merupakan baku emas pada perawatan pasien celah bibir dan palatum, tetapi perawatan ini memiliki kekurangan sehingga dikembangkan alternatif perawatan seperti teknik rekayasa jaringan. Sumber sel stromal mesenkim yang digunakan dapat berasal dari jaringan pulpa gigi seperti sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung dan sel stromal pulpa gigi permanen. Kemampuan diferensiasi osteogenik sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung dan permanen pasien celah bibir dan palatum merupakan salah satu pertimbangan untuk penggunaan sel autologous dalam perawatan teknik rekayasa jaringan, sedangkan kemampuan diferensiasi osteogenik dari sel stromal pulpa gigi pasien CLP belum diketahui. Tujuan: Membandingkan kemampuan diferensiasi osteogenik sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung dan gigi permanen pasien celah bibir dan palatum melalui ekspresi gen ALP. Metode: Sampel yang diisolasi dari jaringan pulpa gigi sulung dan gigi permanen pasien celah bibir dan palatum dikultur pada medium osteogenik, dilakukan ekstraksi RNA dan diuji dengan Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT PCR) menggunakan primers alkaline phosphatase (ALP) dan 18s housekeeping gene. Hasil: Ekspresi relatif gen ALP pada sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung pasien celah bibir dan palatum setelah dilakukan uji statistik tidak memiliki perbedaan bermakna bila dibandingkan dengan sel stromal pulpa gigi permanen pasien celah bibir dan palatum (nilai p = 0.156). Kesimpulan: Sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung dan gigi permanen memiliki kemampuan diferensiasi osteogenik karena dapat mengekspresikan marker osteogenik ALP.

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Background: Cleft and lip palate is a condition where there is fusion disturbance or abnormal congenital cleft in the upper lip, alveolar, and palate area that can cause problems in patients such as aesthetic disorder and problem with talking. Autologous bone graft reconstruction treatment is the gold standard in treating cleft lip and palate patients, but this treatment has associated shortcomings so that alternative treatments such as tissue engineering techniques have been developed. The source of the mesenchymal stromal cells used can be derived from dental pulp tissue namely stem cells from human deciduous teeth and permanent dental pulp stromal cells. The osteogenic differentiation ability from dental pulp stromal cells of primary and permanent teeth in cleft lip and palate patients is one of the considerations for the use of autologous cells in the treatment of tissue engineering techniques, while the osteogenic differentiation ability of dental pulp stromal cells in cleft lip and palate patients has not been fully explored.

Objective: To compare the osteogenic differentiation capacity of primary and permanent dental pulp stromal cells in cleft lip and palate patients.

Methods: Samples isolated from primary and permanent dental pulp stromal cells in cleft lip and palate patients were cultured, RNA were extracted and tested by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT PCR) using alkaline phosphatase primers (ALP), and housekeeping gene in the form of 18s. Results: The relative expression of ALP in primary dental pulp stromal cells in cleft lip and palate patients was comparable to permanent dental pulp stromal cells in cleft lip and palate patients (p value = 0.156).

Conclusion: The primary and permanent dental pulp stromal cells have comparable ability to differentiate into osteogenic lineage and both cells tested can express the osteogenic gene of ALP."

"Latar Belakang: Subjek celah bibir dan palatum membutuhkan perawatan rekonstruksi tulang berbasis rekayasa jaringan dengan menggunakan sel stromal mesenkim. Sel stromal mesenkim merupakan sel yang banyak digunakan untuk regenerasi tulang karena mempunyai kemampuan proliferasi tinggi. Sel tersebut dapat berasal dari pulpa gigi sulung (SHED) danpulpa gigi permanen (DPSCs) yang dapat berdiferensiasi menjadi osteoblas. Pada penelitiansebelumnya telah ditemukan beberapa karakteristik DPSCs dan SHED pada subjek celah bibir dan palatum, namun kemampuan diferensiasi dari sel stromal pulpa subjek celah bibir dan palatum belum diketahui. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi kemampuan diferensiasi osteogenik dari sel stromal pulpa gigi permanen dan sulung pada subjek celah bibir dan palatum melaluiekspresi gen Collagen Type I Alpha I (COL1A1). Metode : Sampel RNA yang diperoleh dari kultur RNA DPSCs dan SHED subjek celah bibir dan palatum, dengan Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) menggunakan primers Collagen Type I Alpha I (COL1A1), serta 18S sebagai housekeeping gene. Hasil : Tidak terdapat perbedaan ekspresi relatif gen COL1A1 antara sel stromal pulpa gigi permanen dan sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung pada subjek celah bibir dan palatum. Kesimpulan : SHED memiliki kemampuan diferensiasi osteogenik yang sama dengan DPSCs karena keduanya dapat mengekspresikan gen marker osteogenik COL1A1.

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Background: Cleft lip and palate subject need bone reconstruction based tissue engineering treatment with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC). One of the most mesenchymal stromal cells that can be used is derived from dental pulp tissues, such as primary tooth pulp or stem cells from human deciduous teeth (SHED) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) which can differentiate into osteoblasts. In previous studies, several characteristics of DPSCs and SHED of the cleft lip and palate subjects have been found. However, osteogenic differentiation ability of dental pulp stromal cells from cleft lip and palate subject is unknown.

Objective: To determine the osteogenic differentiation ability of DPSCs and SHED of cleft lip and palate subjects through the expression of the Collagen Type I Alpha I (COL1A1) gene.

Methods: RNA samples obtained from the culture of DPSCs and SHED of lip and palate cleft subjects, with Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) using primers Collagen Type I Alpha I (COL1A1) and 18S as a housekeeping gene.

Results: There was no difference in the relative expression of COL1A1 gene between DPSCs and SHED of CLP subjects.

Conclusion: SHED has the same osteogenic differentiation ability as DPSCs because they can express osteogenic marker genes COL1A1."

"Latar Belakang: Celah bibir dan palatum merupakan salah satu kelainan bawaan yang menyebabkan defek jaringan keras sehingga dikembangkan perawatan rekonstruksi tulang berbasis teknik rekayasa jaringan sebagai alternatif perawatan. Sumber sel stromal mesenkim dapat diperoleh dari pulpa gigi sulung dan gigi permanen. Kemampuan diferensiasi osteogenik sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung dan gigi permanen sudah banyak dilaporkan. Pada pasien celah bibir dan palatum, terdapat gen-gen yang diekspresikan berbeda dan kemampuan diferensiasi osteogenik sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung dan gigi permanen pasien celah bibir dan palatum belum diketahui. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi perbandingan kemampuan diferensiasi osteogenik sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung dan gigi permanen pasien celah bibir dan palatum melalui deposisi kalsium. Metode: Sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung dan gigi permanen pasien celah bibir dan palatum dikultur menggunakan medium osteogenik selama 21 hari kemudian dilakukan pewarnaan Alizarin Red dan kuantifikasi terhadap deposisi kalsium. Hasil: Sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung dan gigi permanen yang dikultur menggunakan medium osteogenik menunjukkan adanya deposisi kalsium yang tinggi. Sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung dan gigi permanen tidak menunjukkan perbedaan nilai rerata absorbansi, intensitas pewarnaan, dan area pewarnaan yang bermakna secara statistik (p ≥ 0,05). Kesimpulan: Sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung pasien celah bibir dan palatum memiliki kemampuan diferensiasi osteogenik yang ekuivalen dengan sel stromal pulpa gigi permanen pasien celah bibir dan palatum.

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Background: Cleft lip and palate is one of the most common congenital anomalies resulting in hard tissue defects therefore tissue engineering is currently developed as an alternative treatment. The source of mesenchymal stromal cells can be obtained from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) and dental pulp (DPSCs). Osteogenic differentiation abilities of SHED and DPSCs have been widely studied. In cleft lip and palate patients, there are several differentially expressed genes and the osteogenic differentiation abilities of SHED and DPSCs in cleft lip and palate patients have not yet been known. Purpose: To compare the osteogenic differentiation abilities of SHED and DPSCs in cleft lip and palate patients by calcium deposition. Methods: SHED and DPSCs isolated from cleft lip and palate patients were cultured using osteogenic medium for 21 days then added Alizarin Red staining and the calcium deposition were quantified. Result: Both SHED and DPSCs that cultured in osteogenic medium demonstrated high calcium deposition. SHED and DPSCs did not show any statistically significant differences in the average absorbance values, staining intensity, and staining areas (p ≥ 0,05). Conclusion: SHED and DPSCs in cleft lip and palate patients have equivalent ability of osteogenic differentiation by calcium deposition."