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"ABSTRAKKerjasama Notaris dengan Bank bermula dari adanya permintaan bank karena kebutuhannya akan jasa dalam hal kepastian hukum dan Notaris melakukan penawaran sebagai pihak yang mempunyai keahlian yang dibutuhkan bank. Permintaan dan penawaran menimbulkan kerjasama antarakeduanya, bahkan dengan cara yang tidak diatur oleh undang-undang. Permasalahan yang terjadi yaitu belum ada peraturan yang mengatur spesifik mengenai kerjasama notaris dengan bank. Sehingga kerjasama ini bisa diindikasikan melanggar ketentuan persaingan usaha tidak sehat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian yuridis normatif dengan tipologi penelitian adalah fact finding dan eksplanatoris yaitu menggambarkan atau menjelaskan lebih dalam suatu gejala. Hasil penelitian menerangkan bahwa belum ada satupun peraturan yang mengatur spesifik tentang kerjasama notaris dengan bank. Kerjasama yang ada diikuti dengan Perjanjian kerjasama secara tertulis dan itu tidak melanggar ketentuan perundang-undangan berlaku, Namun dalam praktek ada perjanjian tidak tertulis, yaitu perjanjian secara lisan antara notaris dengan bank yang sudah dianggap sebagai living law hukum kebiasaan dalam kerjasama ini, tidak dapat diketahui isi perjanjiannya apakah melanggar ketentuan perundang-undangan atau tidak. Simpulan bahwa perjanjian lisan antara notaris dengan bank selalu terjadi, dengan tujuan untuk menguntungkan kedua belah pihak. Hal ini bisa termasuk ke dalam perjanjian tertutup dan kegiatan yang dilarang sebagaimana dilarang dalam UU No.5 Tahun 1999.

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ABSTRACT Partnership beetween Notary and Bank was starting from the need for services, in terms of legal certainty in the bank demand and supply lead to cooperation between the two, even in ways that are not regulated by law. The problems that occur are no specific regulations governing notaries regarding cooperation with the bank. So that this cooperation can be indicated in violation of the provisions of unfair competition. The method used is a normative juridical research with research typology is fact finding and explanatory that describe or explain a phenomenon. The results of the study explained that not one of the specific regulations governing partnership beetween Notary and Bank. Cooperation that is followed by a cooperation agreement in writing and it does not violate the statutory provisions in force, but in practice there are unwritten agreements, namely the oral agreement between the notary and the bank that has been regarded as a living law customary law in this cooperation, not can know the contents of the agreement is in violation of statutory provisions or not. The inference that an oral agreement between the notary with the bank always the case, with the aim to benefit both parties. It could be included in agreements covered and prohibited activities as prohibited under Law No.5 of 1999. "

"Tesis ini membahas mengenai Pengaturan Mengenai Non-Independent Leasing Company di Indonesia, Untuk Mengetahui praktek bisnis yang dijalankan oleh Non-Independent Leasing Company bertentangan dengan Undang-Undang Larangan Praktik Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat. Metode penulisan ini adalah deskriptif analitis, dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif dalam memperoleh data sekunder dari hasil studi kepustakaan yang mempunyai hubungan dengan pembahasan di dalam penulisan skripsi ini. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa di Indonesia tidak ada aturan yang secara khusus mengatur mengenai Non-Independent Leasing Company, dan Non-Independent Leasing Company tidak bertentangan dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 sepanjang tidak bertentangan dengan perjanjian yang dilarang dan kegiatan yang dilarang oleh Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat.

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This thesis proved about Non-Independent Leasing Company i n Indonesian Law and Non-Independent Leasing Company is contrary with Indonesian Law No 5/ 1999 on Prohibitions Of Monopolistic Practice And Unfair Business Competition. This research is a normative juridical research and analytical descriptive . The Results of research is suggest that it needs to be well regulated, especially for Non-Independent Leasing Company and Non Independent Leasing Company is suitable with Indonesian Law No 5/1999 on Prohibition Of Monopolistic Practice And Unfair Business Competition as long as it is not contradicted with Indonesian Law Number 5/1999 on Prohibition Of Monopolistic And Unfair Business Competition."

"Industri minyak dan gas bumi di tanah air memiliki peran penting dalam pembangunan ekonomi nasional. Pada tahun 2018 Pemerintah sebagai wakil dari negara mengambil andil mengatur sektor ini dengan menerbitkan Peraturan Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral Republik Indoneisa Nomor 4 Tahun 2018 tentang Pengusahaan Gas Bumi Pada Kegiatan Usaha Hillir Minyak dan Gas Bumi. Permen ini mengatur kegiatan usaha gas bumi yang meliputi usaha pengangkutan gas bumi, kegiatan usaha niaga gas bumi, dan kegiatan usaha penyimpanan gas bumi. Terkait kegiatan usaha gas bumi melalui pipa pada ruas transmisi, permen ini mengatur bahwa kegiatan usaha pengangkutan gas bumi melalui pipa pada ruas transmisi hanya dapat dilakukan oleh 1 (satu) badan usaha serta konsumen gas bumi pada Wilayah Niaga Tertentu (WNT) yang wilayahnya sama dengan Wilayah Jaringan Distribusi (WJD) hanya dapat dipasok oleh 1 (satu) badan usaha pemegang izin usaha niaga minyak dan gas bumi sesuai dengan pasal 14 ayat (7). Pengaturan 1 (satu) Badan Usaha dalam satu Ruas Transmisi dan Wilayah Jaringan Distribusi pada suatu Wilayah Niaga Tertentu, mengarah kepada praktek monopoli yang menciptakan persaingan usaha tidak sehat. Pada akhirnya, Penulis memiliki kesimpulan yaitu pengaturan terkait pengusahaan migas dalam Permen ESDM No. 4/2018 dapat mengarah kepada praktek monopoli, serta pelaksanaan berdasarkan Permen ESDM No. 4/2018 tidak dapat dikecualikan sesuai UU No. 5/1999 karena hanya bersifat peraturan pelaksana dan tidak mendapatkan pendelegasian dari peraturan diatasnya. Selain itu, perlu pembuatan payung hukum yang lebih tinggi seperti Undang-Undang untuk memenuhi asas kepastian hukum di sektor ini.

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Oil and gas industry in Indonesia has a vital role in Indonesia for economic development. In 2018 government regulate oil and gas sector by issued Regulation of Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 4/2018 about Natural Gas Business On Downstream Oil And Gas Business Activities. This regulation control natural gas business which includes natural gas transportation, natural gas trading, and natural gas storage. In related to natural gas business through the pipe on Transmission Segment, this regulation obliges that there is only 1 (one) licensed business entity that could operate and natural gas consumers in Certain Commercial Areas whose territory is the same as the Distribution Network Area can only be supplied by 1 (one) licensed business entity according to article 14 paragraph 7. This limitation can lead to monopolistic that endorsed unfair business competition.

Eventually, Author has a conclusion that Regulation of Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 4/2018 about Natural Gas Business On Downstream Oil And Gas Business Activities could lead to unfair business competition, and its implementation cannot be concluded by Law No. 5/1999 about Antitrust. Because Regulation of Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 4/2018 only a subordinate legislation and doesnt have a direct delegation from Law No.5/1999. Beside of that, it is essential to have higher legislation to fulfilled legal certainty on this sector."

"Tesis ini membahas mengenai upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mencegah praktik monopoli dan persaingan usaha tidak sehat yang dilakukan melalui penggabungan, peleburan, dan pengambilalihan saham perusahaan dikaitkan dengan pemanfaatan spektrum frekuensi radio yang merupakan sumber daya terbatas dalam penyelenggaraan telekomunikasi. Penulisan tesis ini menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan dengan data sekunder sebagai sumber data. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan ketentuan dalam peraturan perundang-undangan sektor telekomunikasi mengenai kewajiban pelaporan dan memperoleh izin dari regulator dalam hal adanya pengabungan, peleburan, dan pengambilalihan saham perusahaan telah sejalan dengan ketentuan yang ada dalam peraturan perundangundangan mengenai persaingan usaha. Namun dibutuhkan adanya panduan yang lebih rinci dan spesifik mengenai penggabungan, peleburan, dan pengambilalihan di sektor telekomunikasi sehingga disarankan regulator perlu segera menerbitkan peraturan mengenai penggabungan, peleburan, dan pengambilalihan dalam penyelenggaraan telekomunikasi yang sekurang-kurangnya memuat 4 (empat) hal yaitu ketentuan mengenai tata cara pemberitahuan rencana penggabungan, peleburan, dan pengambilalihan; aspek-aspek yang menjadi bahan evaluasi dalam memberikan persetujuan atau penolakan atas rencana penggabungan, peleburan, dan pengambilalihan; syarat-syarat untuk dapat dilakukannya penggabungan, peleburan, dan pengambilalihan antar pelaku-pelaku usaha dalam sektor telekomunikasi; serta prosedur koordinasi dalam memberikan persetujuan atau penolakan rencana penggabungan, peleburan, dan pengambilalihan antara pemerintah sebagai regulator yang dalam hal ini adalah Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika dengan komisi yang ditetapkan undang-undang sebagai badan pengawas persaingan usaha yaitu Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha.

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This thesis discuss about the efforts that can be done to prevent monopolistic practices and unfair business competition conducted through merger, consolidation, and acquisition related with the utilization of radio frequency spectrum as a limited resources in telecommunications. This thesis uses methods of library research with secondary data as the data source. The results concluded the provisions in telecommunications sector’s legislation regarding reporting obligations and obtain permission from the regulator in terms of merger, consolidation, and acquisition has in line with the provisions in the legislation concerning competition. But there need to be more detailed and specific guidance about the merger, consolidation, and acquisition in the telecommunications sector. It is recommended that regulator should immediately issue regulations regarding the merger, consolidation, and acquisition in the telecommunications sector that shall contain at least 4 (four) things which is the provisions regarding the procedures of notification of merger, consolidation, and acquisition plan; aspects subjected for evaluation in giving approval or rejection of the plan of merger, consolidation, and acquisition; requirements to be able to do the merger, consolidation and acquisition between business actors in the telecommunications sector; as well as coordination procedures in the approval or rejection of a merger, consolidation and acquisition plan between government as regulator, in this case is the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology and the commission formed by law as the supervisor of business competition, whic is Business Competition Supervisory Commission."

"AbstractIndonesia is among the few countries that adopts dual banking system where Islamic banks run in parallel and compete with conventional banks. Although under such a system banking competition would be expected to be high, data tend to show the opposite case, as three Islamics banks acquired 65 percent of market share in Indonesia. This study, therefore, attempts to determine the degree of banking competition in Indonesia by employing the Panzar-Rosse Model for 2003-2008 period. The study also analyses the competitive behaviors of Islamic banks and compares it with those of its conventional counterparts. The estimated model suggests that monopolistic competition exists in the overall banking industry?the degree is even slightly higher for Islamic banking, where the market is characterized by aggressive competition for funding, quality human resources, and financing. Such competition occurs due to, among others, small market size, low consumer base, lack of product variations, and lack of competent human resources. These should be a major concern for all Islamics banking stakeholders for developing a better Islamic banking industry, particularly in Indonesia."

"Praktek monopoli merupakan kegiatan anti persaingan yang dilarang berdasarkan Pasal 17 UU Anti Praktek Monopoli dikarenakan sangat merugikan kepentingan umum, sehingga terhadap pelaku usaha yang terbukti melakukan praktek monopoli harus dijatuhkan sanksi administratif guna menegakkan hukum persaingan usaha, namun pada Putusan KPPU Perkara Nomor: 04/KPPU-I/2021 terdapat adanya kondisi dimana pelaku usaha yang terbukti melakukan praktek monopoli tidak memiliki kemampuan untuk membayar denda sehinga Majelis Komisi memutus dengan tidak menjatuhkan denda administratif pada amar putusan sehingga perlu dianalisis apakah pertimbangan demikian sudah tepat menurut hukum, dan pertanggungjawaban atas membayar denda tersebut apakah dapat dibebankan terhadap Organ-Organ Perseroan sampai harta pribadinya. Metode penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pertimbangan Majelis Komisi dengan analisis pendekatan teori keadilan tidak tepat dikarenakan tidak mencerminkan keadilan yang menyangkut kepentingan umum secara luas karena dampak tindakan antipersaingan sangat merugikan, namun dengan analisis pendekatan teori kemanfaatan, pertimbangan Majelis Komisi telah tepat dikarenakan apabila denda dijatuhkan tidak memiliki sisi kemanfaatan dikarenakan kasus ini berkaitan dengan kasus tindak pidana korupsi, kemudian terkait pertanggungjawaban, baik terhadap Direksi, Dewan Komisaris, Pemegang Saham, dan Beneficial Owner secara teori dapat dimintakan pertanggungjawaban sampai dengan harta pribadi sesuai dengan porsinya masing-masing karena telah terbukti bahwa pada PT ACK, Direksi dalam pengurusannya dan Komisaris dalam pengawasannya tidak menjalankan fiduciary duty, serta Pemegang Saham dan Beneficial Owner menjadikan Perseroan sebagai Alter Ego guna kepentingan pribadi yang mengakibatkan Perseroan menjadi berada pada kondisi ketidakmampuan membayar denda administratif, sehingga berdasarkan prinsip piercing the corporate veil, dari yang semula pertanggungjawabannya masing-masing Organ Perseroan secara terbatas berubah menjadi tidak terbatas sampai harta pribadi masing-masing.

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Monopolistic practice is an anti-competitive activity that is prohibited under Article 17 of the Law Against Monopolistic Practice because it is very detrimental to the public interest, so business actors who are proven to have committed monopolistic practice must be subject to administrative sanctions in order to enforce business competition law, but in KPPU's Decision Number: 04/KPPU- I/2021 there are conditions where Business Actors who are proven to have committed monopolistic practice do not have the ability to pay fines so that the Commission Council decides not to impose administrative fines on the verdict so that it is necessary to analyze whether such considerations are appropriate according to law, and whether the responsibility for paying these fines is can be charged to the Company's Organs up to personal assets. The research method in this study is normative juridical. The results of the study show that the consideration of the Commission Council with the analysis of the theory of justice approach is inappropriate because it does not reflect justice that concerns the public interest at large because the impact of anti-competitive actions is very detrimental, but with the analysis of the theory of benefit approach, the considerations of the Commission Council are appropriate because if a fine is imposed there is no side benefit because this case is related to a criminal act of corruption, then related to accountability, both to the Board of Directors, Board of Commissioners, Shareholders, and Beneficial Owners in theory can be held accountable up to personal assets in accordance with their respective portions because it has been proven that PT ACK, Directors in their management and Commissioners under their supervision do not carry out fiduciary duties, and Shareholders and Beneficial Owners make the Company an Alter Ego for personal gain which causes the Company to be in a condition of inability to pay administrative fines, so that it is based on the principle of piercing the corporate veil, from the beginning the responsibilities of each Company Organ are limited to unlimited up to their respective personal assets."

"On March 5, 1999 Indonesia passed a Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition Policy, known as Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999. This Policy was made to prevent the monopoly practice and unfair competition, and to provide the society with a policy to regulate the Indonesian market. The objectives of this policy were largely determined by the need to establish a common market. (it means that without a spesific policy or regulation, it is very difficult to control the trading practices and market structures). In the control of restrictive trade practices, there the need to prove the unfair competition practices exist. The Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition Policy gives authority to abort any agreements that cause monopoly practice and unfair competition. The Supervisory Comission for Business Competition, known as Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha (KPPU), is the one and only that has such authority. As an independent commission, it reports directly to the President, which means the Supervisory Commision for Business Competition has the full authority to keep the competition in Indonesia in the right way according to the Prohibition of Monopolistic and Unfair Business Competition Policy. From this present and to the future, let us hope that the Supervisory Commission for Business Competition will run their job effectivel. (it is also our responsibility to support the Commision in Achieving its objective to establish a fair competition in the Indonesian economy) "

"ABSTRACTProgram diskon pelanggan merupakan salah satu strategi pemasaran dengan cara memberikan pengurangan harga yang diberikan oleh suatu pelaku usaha kepada konsumen untuk menarik minat beli dari konsumen tersebut. Tujuan dari pemberlakuan program diskon pelanggan adalah menjaga loyalitas dari konsumen agar tetap melakukan pembelian kepada pelaku usaha tersebut. Contoh dari program ini adalah  frequent-flyer program yang ditawarkan oleh maskapai penerbangan. Tulisan ini memiliki rumusan masalah bagaimana pengaturan program diskon pelanggan ditinjau dari hukum persaingan usaha Amerika Serikat, Inggris dan Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memberikan analisis terhadap pemberlakukan program diskon pelanggan dikaitkan dengan potensi pelanggaran hukum persaingan usaha Indonesia. Penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah data sekunder, yaitu data yang diperoleh dari studi dokumen. Bahan hukum yang digunakan Penulis antara lain bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier. Terdapat beberapa definisi operasional yang digunakan, beberapa diantaranya adalah posisi dominan, praktek monopoli dan persaingan usaha tidak sehat. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa Amerika Serikat dan Inggris telah sadar terhadap potensi anti persaingan dari pemberlakukan program diskon pelanggan dengan melihat beberapa contoh kasus yang pernah terjadi. Terdapat beberapa pasal hukum persaingan usaha Indonesia yang relevan dengan potensi pelanggaran terhadap pemberlakuan program tersebut.

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ABSTRACTLoyalty discount is one of the marketing strategies that involves price reduction given by undertaking to consumers in order to attract their interest in buying. The aim of loyalty discount is to maintain consumer loyalty in order that they continue to buy from the undertaking. One example of this program is the frequent-flyer program offered by airlines. The research question of this thesis is how the loyalty discount is regulated based on the American, United Kingdom, and Indonesian competition laws. The purpose of this research is to provide analysis of the implementation of loyalty discount in relation with potential violations of Indonesian business competition law. The researcher used literature research method. The type of data used in this writing is secondary data, namely data obtained from document studies. The legal materials used by the researcher include primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. There are several operational definitions used, some of which are dominant position, monopolistic practices, and unfair competition. Based on the analysis carried out, it was concluded that the United States and the United Kingdom were aware of the potential for anti-competition from the implementation of loyalty discount by looking at a number of examples of cases that had occurred.  There are several articles on Indonesian business competition law that are relevant to potential violations of the application of the program."