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"Contents : 1. Laboratory Measurements. 2. Density Determination. 3. Classes of Chemical Reactions. 4. Separation of Components of a Mixture. 5. Factors Affecting Rate of Reactions. 6. The Law of Chemical Equilibrium and the Le Chatelier Principle. 7. pH and Buffer Solutions. 8. Structure and Stereochemistry in Organic Compounds, the Use of Molecular Models. 9. Aspirin: Preparation and Properties (Acetylsalicylic Acid). 10. Carbohydrates. 11. Fats and Oils: Preparation and Properties of Soap. 12. Acid-Base Properties of Amino Acids. 13. Isolation and Identification of Casein. 14. Enzymes."

"In the United States, the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act (CLIA) of 1988 describes requirements and guidelines for implementing a quality control/quality assurance (QC/QA) program for moderate and high complexity laboratories. These requirements and guidelines apply to Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) laboratories as well. The general topic of QC and QA as it pertains to in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET) is extensively reviewed. This review summarizes many of the QC and QA events that contribute to the advancement of knowledge in this biotechnological field. These events include control of the culture environment inside and outside of the incubator, as well as factors that affect culture media. This review also discusses, in considerable detail, the QC and the QA that pertain to equipment used within the laboratory and how to control for potential contaminants, which reside within the laboratory. This review provides evidence to indicate the need for laboratory personnel to monitor quality improvement issues on a continuous basis. Personnel must be willing to change as improvements in technology occur in order to meet the ever-evolving demands of a more difficult patient population. Suggestions for meeting these demands are offered"

"Laboratorium jauh adalah lingkungan perangkat lunak yang mendukung kegiatan praktikum jarak jauh, di mana user yang berada pada jarak yang jauh dimungkinkan untuk berinteraksi dengan perangkat pengukuran dan peralatan laboratorium yang sesungguhnya. Keuntungan penggunaan laboratorium jauh yaitu kinerja laboratorium yang lebih baik dan lebih efisien, mendukung kegiatan berbagi pakai sumber daya dan kolaborasi antar laboratorium. Beberapa penelitian laboratorium jauh yang telah dipublikasikan, menyebutkan bahwa mayoritas laboratorium jauh yang ada saat ini diimplementasikan dengan komputer desktop. Sistem berbasis komputer memiliki kekurangan yaitu konsumsi energi listrik yang besar dan biaya investasi sistem yang mahal. Dengan adanya isu lingkungan dan pemanasan global maka disain sistem laboratorium jauh diharapkan lebih efisien dan dapat mendukung era komputer hijau. Selain itu disain laboratorium jauh yang banyak dikembangkan masih mempunyai beberapa kelemahan seperti isu interoperabilitas dan skalabilitas.Dari permasalahan diatas maka untuk menjawab beberapa isu tersebut dalam disertasi ini akan diusulkan arsitektur baru laboratorium jauh hijau multi-user dan multi-device berbasis sistem tertanam, dengan menerapkan konsep embedded grid. Konsep embedded grid akan memberikan kontribusi dalam mewujudkan laboratorium jauh hijau yang efisien dan ramah lingkungan. Arsitektur baru laboratorium jauh yang telah direalisasikan, dapat melayani kerja kolaborasi dan mampu beradaptasi terhadap penambahan modulmodul percobaan. Dari hasil pengujian kinerja dan skalabilitas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa sistem dapat melayani kerja kolaborasi dan mampu bekerja dengan baik untuk melayani sampai 70 user konkuren. Penerapan sistem yang diimplementasikan dengan teknologi sistem tertanam memberikan kontribusi terhadap penghematan daya sebesar 95,63%, penghematan ruang sebesar 97,78% dan penghematan biaya investasi sebesar 88,33%.

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Remote laboratory is a software environment that supports remote experiments, where remote users is possible to interact with the laboratory equipments and the actual measurement devices. The advantages of using remote laboratory is a laboratory performance better and more efficiently, support resource sharing and collaboration between laboratories. Several research about remote laboratories that has been published, the majority of existing remote laboratories is implemented with a desktop computer. Remote laboratory based on computer has disadvantages such as high power consumption and high investment costs. With the issue of the environment and global warming, design of the remote laboratory is expected to be more efficient and can support a green computing era. In addition, many remote laboratory design which has been developed still has some issues such as interoperability and scalability.

With the background of the problems above, then to answer some of these issues, in this dissertation will be proposed new architecture multi-user and multi-device green remote laboratory based on embedded systems by applying the concept of embedded grid. Implementation of embedded systems technology will contribute in realizing the green remote laboratory more efficient and environmentally friendly. The new architecture of remote laboratory that has realized, can serve collaborative work and able to adapt to the addition of the experiment modules. Performance and scalability test results, it can be concluded that the system can serve for collaborative work and able to serve up to 70 concurrent users. The realization of the system that implemented with embedded systems technology contributes to power saving of 95.63%, space savings of 97.78% and investment cost savings of 88.33%."