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"ABSTRAK Objektifikasi seksual terhadap perempuan terjadi ketika perempuan dianggap sebagai objek. Selain di interaksi sosial secara langsung, objektifikasi seksual juga muncul di berbagai media, seperti prosa, film, serta iklan. Makalah ini membahas objektifikasi seksual terhadap perempuan di iklan Carl's Jr. yang disiarkan di acara Super Bowl pada tahun 2012, 2013, dan 2015, peran laki-laki dalam iklan tersebut, serta perubahan dalam objektifikasi seksual dalam tiga iklan yang akan dibahas. Analisis tekstual akan digunakan dalam makalah ini. Selain itu, Skala Objektifikasi Seksual yang diciptakan oleh Rachel Allyn juga akan digunakan untuk menilai objektifikasi seksual di iklan secara kuantitatif. Dalam skala ini, perempuan dalam iklan akan dinilai berdasarkan empat aspek, yaitu pakaian, posisi terhadap benda atau orang lain, bagian tubuh terlihat, dan slogan/kopi/dialog dalam iklan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua iklan yang dianalisis mendapatkan nilai 4 dari maksimum 4 dalam skala. Selain itu, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa laki-laki di dalam iklan mempunyai peran untuk meningkatkan objektifikasi seksual terhadap perempuan di dalam iklan. Terakhir, penelitian ini menunjukkan peningkatan objektifikasi seksual terhadap perempuan yang tidak signifikan dalam iklan Carl's Jr. di acara Super Bowl 2012 hingga 2015.ABSTRACT Sexual objectification of women happens when women are treated merely as object. Not only happens in real life, sexual objectification can manifest in media such as prose, films, as well as advertisements. This paper examines sexual objectification towards women in Carl?s Jr commercials broadcasted during Super Bowl games in 2012, 2013 and 2015, the role of men within the commercials, and changes in sexual objectification in the commercials. In doing so, textual analysis will be used. Furthermore, a Sexual Objectification Scale made by Rachel Allyn is also used to score the sexual objectification in commercials quantitatively. In this scale, woman in advertisement is scored on four aspects, which are the women?s dress, woman?s position in relation to the product or another person, woman?s body parts shown, and the slogan/copy/dialogue of the advertisement. The result shows that all commercials analysed score an overall 4 in the scale. Furthermore, the study shows that men in the commercials mainly intensify the sexual objectification towards women in commercials. Lastly, the study shows increases, albeit not significant, in sexual objectification in the commercials from 2012 to 2015.;Sexual objectification of women happens when women are treated merely as object. Not only happens in real life, sexual objectification can manifest in media such as prose, films, as well as advertisements. This paper examines sexual objectification towards women in Carl?s Jr commercials broadcasted during Super Bowl games in 2012, 2013 and 2015, the role of men within the commercials, and changes in sexual objectification in the commercials. In doing so, textual analysis will be used. Furthermore, a Sexual Objectification Scale made by Rachel Allyn is also used to score the sexual objectification in commercials quantitatively. In this scale, woman in advertisement is scored on four aspects, which are the women?s dress, woman?s position in relation to the product or another person, woman?s body parts shown, and the slogan/copy/dialogue of the advertisement. The result shows that all commercials analysed score an overall 4 in the scale. Furthermore, the study shows that men in the commercials mainly intensify the sexual objectification towards women in commercials. Lastly, the study shows increases, albeit not significant, in sexual objectification in the commercials from 2012 to 2015.;Sexual objectification of women happens when women are treated merely as object. Not only happens in real life, sexual objectification can manifest in media such as prose, films, as well as advertisements. This paper examines sexual objectification towards women in Carl?s Jr commercials broadcasted during Super Bowl games in 2012, 2013 and 2015, the role of men within the commercials, and changes in sexual objectification in the commercials. In doing so, textual analysis will be used. Furthermore, a Sexual Objectification Scale made by Rachel Allyn is also used to score the sexual objectification in commercials quantitatively. In this scale, woman in advertisement is scored on four aspects, which are the women?s dress, woman?s position in relation to the product or another person, woman?s body parts shown, and the slogan/copy/dialogue of the advertisement. The result shows that all commercials analysed score an overall 4 in the scale. Furthermore, the study shows that men in the commercials mainly intensify the sexual objectification towards women in commercials. Lastly, the study shows increases, albeit not significant, in sexual objectification in the commercials from 2012 to 2015.;Sexual objectification of women happens when women are treated merely as object. Not only happens in real life, sexual objectification can manifest in media such as prose, films, as well as advertisements. This paper examines sexual objectification towards women in Carl?s Jr commercials broadcasted during Super Bowl games in 2012, 2013 and 2015, the role of men within the commercials, and changes in sexual objectification in the commercials. In doing so, textual analysis will be used. Furthermore, a Sexual Objectification Scale made by Rachel Allyn is also used to score the sexual objectification in commercials quantitatively. In this scale, woman in advertisement is scored on four aspects, which are the women?s dress, woman?s position in relation to the product or another person, woman?s body parts shown, and the slogan/copy/dialogue of the advertisement. The result shows that all commercials analysed score an overall 4 in the scale. Furthermore, the study shows that men in the commercials mainly intensify the sexual objectification towards women in commercials. Lastly, the study shows increases, albeit not significant, in sexual objectification in the commercials from 2012 to 2015.;Sexual objectification of women happens when women are treated merely as object. Not only happens in real life, sexual objectification can manifest in media such as prose, films, as well as advertisements. This paper examines sexual objectification towards women in Carl?s Jr commercials broadcasted during Super Bowl games in 2012, 2013 and 2015, the role of men within the commercials, and changes in sexual objectification in the commercials. In doing so, textual analysis will be used. Furthermore, a Sexual Objectification Scale made by Rachel Allyn is also used to score the sexual objectification in commercials quantitatively. In this scale, woman in advertisement is scored on four aspects, which are the women?s dress, woman?s position in relation to the product or another person, woman?s body parts shown, and the slogan/copy/dialogue of the advertisement. The result shows that all commercials analysed score an overall 4 in the scale. Furthermore, the study shows that men in the commercials mainly intensify the sexual objectification towards women in commercials. Lastly, the study shows increases, albeit not significant, in sexual objectification in the commercials from 2012 to 2015."

"Martin Luther King, Jr tidak dapat dipisahkan dari sejarah perjuangan Afro-Amerika dalam menuntut kebebasan (hak-hak sipil). Perlakuan segregasi dan diskriminasi yang dialami Afro-Amerika mulai akhir abad 19 (setelah berakhirnya perbudakan) sampai tahun 1950-an oleh kelomok Eropa-Amerika yang berlangsung dengan keras, telah menimbulkan kebangkitan tokoh-tokoh Afro-Amerika yang mulai memperjuangkan kebebasan (hak-hak sipil) bagi Afro-Amerika. Perlawanan tanpa kekerasan (nonviolence resistance) yang dicetuskan oleh King sebagai prinsip/cara baru memperjuangkan hak-hak sipil bagi Afro-Amerika ternyata terbukti mampu mewujudkan cita-cita Afro-Amerika, yaitu melalui cara ini telah menyebabkan integarasi dan memperoleh kebebasan bagi Afro-Amerika. King sendiri dalam pencapaian prinsip ini melalui proses panjang yang dilalui sewaktu ia menempuh pendidikan di berbagai perguruan tinggi mendapat pengaruh dari tokoh-tokoh teolog, sosiolog, sejarawan. Tetapi berkat faktor ketekunan yang luar biasa, ia mampu mewujudkan cita-citanya untuk memperjuangkan kebebasan bagi Afro-Amerika. Masyarakat Afro-Amerika percaya bahwa King sebagai symbol perjuangan untuk keberhasilan. Selain itu kalangan Eropa-Amerika juga simpati terhadap perjuangan yang dilakukan oleh King. Hal ini karena kesetiaannya terhadap prinsip perlawanan tanpa kekerasan berdasarkan ajaran cinta kasih. Dalam perjuangan King bersama masyarakat Afro-Amerika tentu saja mendapat rintangan yang tidak sedikit, akan tetapi sekali lagi perjuangan melalui pendekatan tanpa kekerasan akhimya mampu melahirkan Undang-undang Hak-hak sipil 1964 yang membebaskan Afro-Amerika dari diskriminasi dan segregasi."

"Sebagai seorang penulis, juga seorang yang religius, Horatio Alger, Jr. sangat prihatin melihat keadaan anak-anak jalanan ini. Alger percaya bahwa suatu karya tulis dapat memberi pelajaran bagi orang atau anak-anak yang membacanya. Maka, Alger mengkonstruksi kehidupan anak jalanan di kola New York berdasarkan nilai-nilai Kristiani yang ia yakini, umpamanya melalui novel untuk anak-anak, dimana Alger menekankan pentingnya kejujuran, karena kejujuran akan memberi pahala, kerja keras dan kegembiraan, meskipun hidup dalam kesengsaraan. Alger, melalui rasa ingin membantu orang lain, memberikan sifat ini pada tokoh pahlawannya, Dick, sehingga anak ini meniti kehidupannya menuju masa depannya secara pasti. Pada akhir cerita Ragged Dick. Ragged Dick melangkah lebih maju menuju masa depan yang cerah dengan meninggalkan julukannya Ragged Dick dan memakai nama aslinya sendiri, Richard Hunter. Exquire. Melalui konteks teks, tesis ini menganalisis kehidupan Ragged Dick, tokoh utama dalam novel berjudul Ragged Dick yang ditulis oleh Horatio Alger, Jr. Latar belakang karya tulis ini adalah abad Gilded, suatu era lanjutan dan industrialisasi sesudah Clvil War berakhir. Di era ini mulailah muncul korporasi yang memunculkan baron-baron perampok, yang sangat memuja materialisme. Dampak buruknya bagi sebagian masyarakat Amerika adalah kemiskínan yang semakin parah. Banyak sekali anak-anak jalanan tanpa ternpat tinggal harusmenghidupi diri sendiri di kota besar seerti New York.

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Horatio Alger, Jr. as a very religious writer was very concerned about the street life of these children. He constructed this street life based on Christian values in which he had faith. Alger believed that literature could teach people lessons, such as through his novels for boys, in which he urged the merits of honesty, hard work, and cheerfulness in adversity, and how, through personal philanthropy, Diet Alger?s hero, got his successful life. At the end of the novel, Ragged Dick moves further forward for a bright future by discarding his nickname Ragged Dick and using his original name Richard Hunter, Esquire.

Through text context, this thesis analyses the life of Ragged Dick, the hero in Ragged Dick, a novel written by Horatio Alger, k. The background of this novel is the Gilded Age, the era of industrialization and corporation. For some people this era gave great benefits, but for the majority of the American people the era became a disaster. They had to live poorly.

The effect of this condition was that so many homeless children lived itt big cities like New York. They had to live in the street. They became very tough to face the hard life.

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