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"Pajanan agen kimia yang digunakan dalam proses produksi berpotensi menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan bagi para pekerja yang berinteraksi dengan agen-agen kimia yang salah satunya adalah cat. Berdasarkan data hasil penelitian di Padang, Sumatera Barat diketahui terdapat cemaran logam berat Kadmium (Cd) di udara bengkel yang melakukan proses pengecatan. Sementara itu, hasil penelitian Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan lain di Semarang dan Palembang, diketahui terdapat Sebagian populasi pekerja bengkel yang melakukan proses pengecatan dikategorikan berisiko (RQ>1) terhadap pajanan logam berat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat risiko kesehatan non-karsinogenik dan karsinogenik pada populasi pekerja bengkel produksi perusahaan X dari proses pengecatan yang dilakukan di bengkel produksi perusahaan tersebut. Desain studi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan dengan pendekatan desktop study. Nilai konsentrasi yang digunakan dalam analisis risiko kesehatan lingkungan ini didasarkan pada hasil penelitian di bengkel yang melakukan proses pengecatan di Padang, Sumatera Barat. Hasil Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan yang dilakukan kepada 25 responden pekerja bengkel produksi perusahaan X menunjukkan tidak terdapat adanya risiko kesehatan baik secara non-karsinognik (RQ<1) maupun karsinogenik (ECR<0,0001), juga secara berkelompok maupun secara individu masing-masing pekerja bengkel produksi. Meskipun tidak ditemukan adanya tingkat risiko kesehatan yang berisiko, pekerja tetap dianjurkan untuk tetap menggunakan APD untuk mencegah risiko lain yang tidak dihitung dalam penelitian ARKL ini.

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Exposure to chemical hazard used in production activity has posed some health risks to workers working with chemical such as paint. previous study conducted in painting workshop in Padang has found that contamination of Cadmium heavy metal are present  on the workshop air. Environmental health risk assessment study conducted in Painting workshops in Semarang and Palembang shows that some of the workers of the painting workshop were categorized at risks of health problems posed by the exposure of Cadmium from painting process (RQ>1). This research aims to assess both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic environmental health risk levels of the workers of X Company from Cadmium exposure from painting processes of production activity. This research was done with Environmental Health Risk Assessment method with desktop study approach. Concentration value used in this research was based on previous findings of Cadmium pollution in painting workshop air in Padang. The result shows that health risks of both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic were categorized as “not at risk” for the workers of production workshop of X Company (RQ<1, ECR<0,0001). Even though the workers of X company with certain anthropometric and activity value were not at risk of health problem from the exposure of cadmium at the levels used in this research, workers still needs to use PPE to protect themselves from another hazard that was not included in this research."

"Proccedings ot the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Inclusive Approaches to Risk Assessment and Priority Setting for National Environemtnal Health Action Plans, Ostrava, Czech Republic, 15th-20th December 1997"

"Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan Akibat Pajanan Benzo a pyrene Pada Proses Pengasapan Ikan (Kajian Dampak Benzo[a]pyrene Pada Pekerja Industry Ikan Asap Di Bandarharjo, Semarang"

"Aktivitas domestik masyarakat di pesisir dan kepulauan merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas dan kuantitas dari ketersediaan air tanah. Salah satu parameter limbah cair rumah tangga yaitu pencemar deterjen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis sebaran spasial konsentrasi deterjen dan risiko cemaran deterjen pada air minum masyarakat pulau Kodingareng Lompo. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Metode yang digunakan adalah model sebaran konsentrasi deterjen dengan interpolasi kriging dan pendekatan Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan (ARKL). Sebaran kandungan deterjen tertinggi pada air sumur terdapat pada RW 2 dan RW 3 sebesar 2,384-2,98 mg/l, sedangkan sebaran kandungan deterjen pada air sumur terendah juga terdapat pada RW 2 dan RW 3, dan RW 6 sebesar 0,005-0,0088 mg/L. Berdasarkan pemeriksaan yang dilakukan, konsentrasi tertinggi terdapat pada sampel air minum 4 dan 5, yaitu sebesar 2,98 mg/l. Sedangkan sampel air minum 2 memiliki konsentrasi cemaran deterjen paling rendah, yaitu 0,005 mg/l. Hasil perhitungan ARKL yang dilakukan terhadap konsentrasi cemaran deterjen pada air minum menunjukkan tingkat risiko yang tinggi (RQ >1) pada tiga responden dan tergolong tidak aman untuk konsumsi air minum.

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Domestic activities in coastal and island communities are one of the factors that can affect the quality and quantity of groundwater availability. One of the parameters of household wastewater is detergent pollutants. The purpose of this study was to analyze the risk of detergent contamination in drinking water in the community of Kodingareng Lompo Island. This research is a type of quantitative research with a descriptive approach. The method used are the model of the distribution of detergent concentrations by interpolating kriging and the Environmental Health Risk Analysis (ARKL) approach. The highest distribution of detergent content in well water is in RW 2 and RW 3 of 2,384 - 2,98 mg/l, while the distribution of detergent content in the lowest well water is also found in RW 2 and RW 3, and RW 6 of 0,005 - 0,0088 mg/l. Based on the examination conducted, the highest concentration was found in drinking water samples 4 and 5, which was equal to 2.98 mg/l. while the drinking water sample 2 has the lowest concentration of detergent contamination, which is 0.005 mg/l. The results of ARKL calculations conducted on the concentration of detergent contamination in drinking water showed a high level of risk (RQ> 1) in three respondents and classified as unsafe for drinking water consumption."

"Laboratorium merupakan tempat kerja dengan potensi bahaya tinggi. Pekerja laboratorium dapat terpapar berbagai potensi bahaya faktor kimia berupa gas, uap, padatan dan cairan berbahaya, dan faktor bahaya lainnya seperti fisika, biologi, ergonomi dan psikologi. Kegiatan inti laboratorium terdiri dari pengujian, pengambilan contoh uji dan kalibrasi alat. PT X merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang jasa pengujian laboratorium lingkungan. PT X telah menerapkan identifikasi bahaya keselamatan kerja pada kegiatan intinya, namun belum mencakup bahaya terkait kesehatan. Terdapat 4 jenis Similar Group Exposure di PT X, yaitu Analis Laboratorium Kimia, Analis Laboratorium Mikrobiologi, Petugas Pengambil Contoh dan Petugas Administrasi. Identifikasi bahaya dan penilaian risiko terkait kesehatan dari stresor lingkungan kerja di Laboratorium Lingkungan PT X perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat risiko agar dapat dikendalikan dengan tujuan pencegahan timbulnya penyakit akibat kerja. Hasil penilaian risiko pada keempat SEG tersebut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat berbagai aktivitas yang memiliki potensi bahaya fisika, kimia, biologi dan ergonomi dengan tingkat risiko tinggi, sedang dan juga rendah. PT X perlu segera melakukan tindakan pengendalian tambahan pada aktivitas dengan risiko tinggi, dan mempertimbangkan pengendalian tambahan pada aktivitas dengan risiko sedang. Pemantauan berkala juga diperlukan pada aktivitas dengan risiko rendah untuk memastikan kondisi tempat kerja aman dan sehat bagi pekerja.

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Laboratory is a workplace with high hazard potential. Laboratory workers can be exposed to various potential hazards of chemical factors such as dangerous gases, vapours, solids and liquids, and other hazardous factors such as physics, biology, ergonomics, and psychology. The core activities of the laboratory consist of testing, sampling, and calibration. PT X is an environmental laboratory testing service. PT X has implemented safety hazard identification in its core activities but has not yet included health-related hazards. There are 4 types of Similar Group Exposure at PT X, namely Chemical Laboratory Analysts, Microbiology Laboratory Analysts, Sampling Officers, and Administrative Officers. Hazard identification and risk assessment related to health from work environment stressors at the PT X Environmental Laboratory need to be carried out to determine the level of risk so that it can be controlled with the aim of preventing work-related diseases. The results of the risk assessment at the four SEGs show that there are various activities that have the potential for physical, chemical, biological, and ergonomic hazards with high, medium, and low levels of risk. PT X needs to immediately take additional control on high-risk activities and consider additional controls on moderate-risk activities. Periodic monitoring is also required for low-risk activities to ensure safe and healthy workplace conditions for workers."

"Penelitian ini membahas pelaksanaan Health Risk Assessment di PT X Area OperasiBagian Utara. Penelitian bertujuan mengkaji data hasil ukur dosis personal selama 1 periodepengukuran tahun 2015 – 2017 dan melakukan penilaian risiko kesehatan dengan metodeanalisis semi-kuantitatif dengan mengacu Risk Assessment Matrix IPIECA & OGP 2006.Hasil penelitian ini teridentifikasi 9 SEG, namun setelah dikaji secara kuantitatifterdapat SEG yang perlu diklasifikasikan menjadi beberapa sub-group dan health hazardhanya mengacu pada dokumen sekunder sebanyak 10 health hazard. Terdapat keragamanhasil ukur dosis personal dalam 1 SEG menunjukkan salah satu kelemahan pengklasifikasianSEG yang hanya mengacu jabatan pekerjaan saja. Residual Risk Level pada setiap SEGuntuk seluruh bahaya gas (Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl Benzene, Xylene) berada pada tingkatanlow risk, kecuali untuk H2S yang masuk kategori medium risk. Sementara noisediklasifikasikan low risk pada SEG GS Operator, MWT Operator, Gas Operator, Welder,Company Representative dan noise masuk medium risk pada sebagian SEG Technician shopterutama pada saat pekerjaan metalizing.Risk level bahaya H2S tidak dapat diturunkan menjadi Low mengingat tingkatseverity berada pada tingkatan high (4). Penurunan risk level bahaya noise dapat dilakukandengan konsistensi implementasi HCP dan perlu dilakukan pengukuran efektifitas fungsiearmuff / earplugs untuk mengetahui dosis efektif yang diterima pekerja. Risiko kesehatanpada tingkatan Low Risk, tetap harus dikelola agar level risk tidak meningkat sehingga PT Xtetap melanjutkan penerapan existing control dan memastikan pelaksanaan kajian HRA lebihmendalam dengan melakukan observasi / wawancara untuk mengetahui efektifitasimplementasi existing control terhadap Potential Risk Level dan Residual Risk Level.

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This Health Risk Assessment research that was implemented at PT X North

Operations Area. The aims of this study was to review the data on personal dose exposure

measurement results for 1 measurement period 2015 - 2017 and conduct a health risk

assessment using a semi-quantitative analysis method with reference to the IPIECA & OGP

Risk Assessment Matrix Year 2006.

The results of this study identified 9 SEGs, but after being studied quantitatively

there were SEGs that needed to be classified into several sub-groups and health hazards only

referred to secondary documents as many as 10 health hazards. There is a variety of personal

dose measurement results in 1 SEG showing one of the weaknesses in the classification of

SEG which only refers to job title. The Residual Risk Level in each SEG for all gas hazards

(Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl Benzene, Xylene) is at a low risk level, except for H2S which is in

the medium risk category. Meanwhile, noise is classified as low risk in SEG GS Operators,

MWT Operators, Gas Operators, Welder, Company Representatives and noise is a medium

risk in several SEG Technician shops, especially during metalizing work.

The H2S risk level cannot be lowered to low considering that the severity level is at

a high level (4). Reducing the risk level of noise hazards can be implemented by consistent

implementation of HCP and it is necessary to measure the effectiveness of the earmuff /

earplugs function to determine the effective dose received by workers. Health risks at the

Low Risk level must still be managed so that the risk level does not increase so that PT X

continues to implement existing controls and ensure the implementation a comprehensive

HRA study by conducting observations / interviews to determine the effectiveness of

implementing existing controls on the Potential Risk Level and Residual Risk Level"

"This book provides a timely overview of toxicogenomics, with special emphasis on the practical applications of this technology to the risk assessment process. Introductory sections are followed by a series of chapters highlighting practical and systematic applications of toxicogenomics in informing the risk assessment process, including the areas of mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, endocrine toxicity, organ, specific toxicity, population monitoring, and ecotoxicology. The book concludes with approaches for the integration of this technology in safety evaluation studies, and an outlook on how toxicogenomics and complementary technologies can reframe the current risk assessment paradigm."

"Pencemaran udara menjadi ancaman besar bagi masyarakat dunia. Salah satu indikator yang umum adalah Particulate Matter 2.5 atau PM 2.5. PM 2.5 merupakan polutan yang dapat masuk ke paru-paru bahkan sampai pada alveolus dan dapat berdifusi ke pembuluh darah. PM 2.5 juga dapat mengandung ataupun mengadsorpsi logam berat, gas beracun, virus, bakteri, dan zat berbahaya lainnya. Tingginya konsentrasi PM 2.5 dapat menimbulkan berbagai efek kesehatan pada manusia. Salah satu sumber PM 2.5 adalah transportasi. Sekolah yang lokasinya dekat dengan jalan raya berisiko terhadap pajanan PM 2.5 yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi risiko kesehatan terhadap pajanan PM 2.5 pada siswa dan guru yang bekerja di SDN Cisalak 1 Tahun 2024. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan (ARKL) dari Bulan Maret-Mei 2024. Sampel pada penelitian ini terdiri dari 23 guru dan 63 siswa kelas 4 dan kelas 5. Pengukuran konsentrasi PM 2.5 dilakukan di 5 titik menggunakan alat DustTrak DRX 8533 selama 1 jam di tiap titiknya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata konsentrasi PM 2.5 di SDN Cisalak 1 adalah 0,208 mg/m3 atau 0,121 mg/m3 setelah dikonversi menjadi konsentrasi 24 jam. Konsentrasi tersebut masih berada di atas baku mutu Permenkes RI No. 2 Tahun 2023. Besar risiko secara realtime dan lifespan, baik pada siswa maupun guru secara keseluruhan menyatakan nilai RQ ≤ 1 yang artinya secara keseluruhan, siswa dan guru masih aman dari pajanan PM 2.5 dengan konsentrasi tidak lebih dari 0,208 mg/m3. Namun, jika dilakukan perhitungan secara individu, didapatkan sebanyak 4,48% dan 55,5% siswa berisiko terhadap pajanan PM 2.5 secara realtime dan lifespan. Sdangkan pada guru sebanyak 72,7% guru berisiko terhadap pajanan PM 2.5 secara lifespan selama 30 tahun. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meminimalisir risiko tersebut adalah dengan melakukan pembatasan pajanan melalui pembersihan ruang kelas secara rutin, penyortiran barang atau berkas, dan melakukan penghijauan di area sekolah.

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Air pollution is a major threat to world society. One common indicator is Particulate Matter 2.5 or PM 2.5. PM 2.5 is a pollutant that can enter the lungs and even reach the alveoli and can diffuse into the blood vessels. PM 2.5 can also contain or adsorb heavy metals, toxic gases, viruses, bacteria and other dangerous substances. High concentrations of PM 2.5 can cause various health effects in humans. One source of PM 2.5 is transportation. Schools that located close to highways have a high risk of PM 2.5 exposure. This study aims to estimate the health risk of exposure to PM 2.5 in students and teachers working at SDN Cisalak 1 in 2024. This research was conducted using the Environmental Health Risk Analysis (ARKL) method from March-May 2024. The sample in this study consisted of 23 teachers and 63 students in grades 4 and 5. PM 2.5 concentrations were measured at 5 points using a DustTrak DRX 8533 for 1 hour at each point. The results of this study show that the average PM 2.5 concentration at SDN Cisalak 1 is 0.208 mg/m3 or 0.121 mg/m3 after being converted to a 24 hour concentration. This concentration is still above the quality standards of  Permenkes RI No. 2 Tahun 2023. The overall RQ value, for both students and teachers, is RQ ≤ 1, which means that overall, students and teachers are still safe from exposure to PM 2.5 with a concentration of no more than 0.208 mg/m3. From individual calculations, the results showed that 4.48% and 55.5% of students were at risk of exposure to PM 2.5 in realtime and lifespan. Meanwhile, 72.7% of teachers are at risk of exposure to PM 2.5 over a lifespan of 30 years. To reduce exposure can be done by cleaning up the classrooms, sorting items or files, and planting trees in school area."

"Latar Belakang: Asam tioglikolat (TGA) yang digunakan sebagai bahan baku corrosion inhibitor dapat menghasilkan H2S (hidrogen sulfida) dan memajan kesehatan pekerja. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis tingkat risiko H2S dari TGA dalam produk CI beserta usulan pengendalian risiko di perusahaan. Metodologi: Chemical Health Risk Assessment (CHRA) menurut DOSH versi 2018 pada dua unit kerja terpajan di PT. X, yaitu Unit kerja 1 (area produksi) dan Unit Kerja 2 (area warehouse). Hasil: Sesuai DOSH, tingkat risiko kesehatan gas H2S termasuk hazard rating (HR) = 5. Analisis exposure rating (ER) secara kualitatif menunjukkan ER area produksi (4) lebih tinggi dari ER di area warehouse (3) karena perbedaan frequency-duration rating (FDR) antar unit kerja. Dengan menghubungkan Magnitude rating (MR) saat aktivitas membuka tutup drum CI = 4, tingkat risiko kesehatan berada pada high risk level (RR = 20 Unit Kerja 1; RR = 15 Unit Kerja 2). Kesimpulan: Risiko kesehatan akibat pajanan H2S dari CI termasuk pada high risk level menurut CHRA DOSH dan langkah utama yang perlu dilakukan adalah subsitusi untuk menurunkan level risiko. Kesesuaian langkah pengendalian teknis, administratif, dan APD sangat penting saat TGA digunakan dalam produk corrosion inhibitor.

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Background: Thioglycolic acid (TGA) is used as iron ion reduction in corrosion inhibitor which can produce H2S (hydrogen sulfide) and expose to human health. The purpose of this research is to analyze the risk level of H2S exposure from CI along with the proposed risk control in the company. Methodology: Chemical Health Risk Assessment (CHRA) according to DOSH (2018) in two exposed work units in PT. X (Work Unit 1 as production area and Work Unit 2 as warehouse area). Result: According to DOSH, the hazard rating of H2S is 5. Qualitative exposure rating (ER) analysis shows the ER of the production area (4) is higher than ER in the warehouse area (3) due to the difference in frequency-duration rating (FDR). By considering the Magnitude rating (MR) during drums opening is 4, the level of health risk is at high risk level (RR Work Units 1 = 20; RR Work Units 2 = 15). Conclusion: H2S exposure from CI is at high risk level according to CHRA DOSH and the main required control is substitution to reduce the risk level. Adequacy of technical, administrative, and PPE control measures is critical when TGA is used in corrosion inhibitor."