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"Background: Oral malodor, a generic descriptor term for foul smells emanating from the mouth can be classified as either pathological or physiological halitosis. Some problems are often confounded by the climcian's mismanagement.Objective: This paper reviews the etiology of classification and determination of treatment needs (TN) for oral malodor.Literature review and discussion: In the majority of cases the problem has been shown to originate in the oral cavity. Although oral malodor cases are often telated to physiological aspects, sometimes they can be related to extra oral sources and psychological aspects. Classification methods of oral malodor with corresponding treatment needs (TN) have already been established. Although PTC & tongue brushing and appropriate mouthrinses are both important and basic treatment measures for halitosis, other dental treatments are sometimes required.Conclusion: Accurate screening and diagnosis of halitosis followed by appropriate TN may give better results and consequently reduce the risk of mismanagement."

"Halitosis merupakan bau mulut yang sebagian besar sumbernya berasal dari rongga mulut. Volatile Sulfur Compound(VSC) merupakan penyebab halitosis dan produksinya berhubungan dengan aktifitas periodontobacteria termasuk Tannerella forsythia. Periodontitis dan diabetes memiliki hubungan dua arah. Diabetes adalah faktor predisposisi periodontitis. Tujuan pemelitian ini adalah menetapkan hubungan antara kadar metil merkaptan (CH3SH) dan hidrogen sulfida (H2S) dengan proporsi T. forsythia pada pasien periodontitis dengan halitosis tanpa dan dengan diabetes mellitus.Metode yang digunakan adalah subjek periodontitis (n=20) dikelompokkan berdasarkan kadar glukosa darah : periodontitis dan normoglikemik, n = 8; periodontitis dan DM, n = 8, kontrol sehat, n = 4. Diagnosis periodontitis didasarkan pada parameter klinik. Pengambilan sampel mikrobiologis dari cairan krevikular gingiva dan tongue coating. Kadar CH3SH dan H2S ditetapkan dengan menggunakan Oral Chroma™. Proporsi T. forsythia dianalisis menggunakanmetoda quantitative real time-PCR (qPCR). Data dianalisis dengan uji Mann Whitney dan Spearman. Hasilnya terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar H2S pada pasien periodontitis dengan halitosis tanpa dan dengan diabetes melitus, namun tidak terdapat perbedaan kadar CH3SH dan T. forsythia pada pasien periodontitis disertai halitosis dengan dan tanpa diabetes melitus. Terdapat korelasi positif kadar H2S dengan proporsi T. forsythia pada permukaan tongue coating pada pasien periodontitis dengan halitosis tanpa diabetes melitus, tetapi tidak terdapat korelasi kadar CH3SH pada permukaan tongue coating pada pasien periodontitis dengan halitosis tanpa dan dengan diabetes melitus. Pada cairan krevikular gingiva, tidak terdapat korelasi antara CH3SH dan H2S dengan proporsi T.forsythia pada pasien periodontitis dengan halitosis tanpa dan dengan diabetes melitus. Kesimpulan yang didapat pada pasien periodontitis dengan halitosis tanpa diabetes melitus terdapat korelasi positif sangat kuat antara kadar H2S dengan proporsi T. forsythia pada permukaan tongue coating dan pada pasien periodontitis dengan halitosis dan diabetes melitus tidak terdapat korelasi kadar CH3SH dan H2S dengan proporsi T. forsythia pada permukaan tongue coating. Pada cairan krevikular gingiva, tidak terdapat korelasi antara CH3SH dan H2S dengan proporsi T.forsythia pada pasien periodontitis dengan halitosis tanpa dan dengan diabetes melitus.

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Halitosis is bad breath which is mostly sourced from the oral cavity. Volatile Sulfur Compound (VSC) is a cause of halitosis and its production is related to the activity of periodontobacteria including Tannerella forsythia. Periodontitis and diabetes have a two-way relationship. Diabetes is a predisposing factor for periodontitis. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) with the proportion of T. forsythia in periodontitis patients with halitosis without and with diabetes mellitus. The methods used Periodontitis subjects (n = 20) were grouped based on blood levels: periodontitis and normoglycemic, n = 8; periodontitis and DM, n = 8, healthy controls, n = 4. The diagnosis of periodontitis is based on clinical parameters. Microbiological sampling of gingival crevicular fluid and tongue coating. CH3SH and H2S levels are determined using Oral Chroma ™. The proportion of T. forsythia was analyzed using quantitative real time-PCR (qPCR) methods. Data were analyzed by Mann Whitney and Spearman test. There were differences of H2S in periodontitis patients with halitosis without and with diabetes mellitus, but there were no differences in the levels of CH3SH and T. forsythia in periodontitis halitosis patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Positive correlation of H2S by comparison of T. forsythia on the tongue coating in periodontitis patients with diabetes mellitus, but it is not related to CH3SH on the tongue coating in periodontitis patients with halitosis without and with diabetes mellitus. In gingival crevicular fluid, showed no correlation between CH3SH and H2S with the proportion of T.forsythia in periodontitis patients with halitosis without and with diabetes mellitus. The conclusion of this study is in periodontitis patients with halitosis without diabetes mellitus showed a very strong positive correlation between H2S with the proportion of T. forsythia on the tongue coating. There was no correlation between CH3SH and H2S with proportion of T. forsythia on the tongue coating in periodontitis patients with halitosis and diabetes mellitus. In gingival crevicular fluid, there was no correlation between CH3SH and H2S with the proportion of T.forsythiain periodontitis patients with halitosis without and with diabetes mellitus."

"Latar Belakang: Halitosis subjektif merupakan masalah yang umum terjadi di masyarakat. Masalah psikologis remaja DKI Jakarta juga memiliki prevalensi yang tinggi. Penelitian mengenai pengaruh masalah psikologis seperti cemas, depresi, dan stres terhadap halitosis subjektif masih kurang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh faktor psikologis terhadap halitosis subjektif. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional dan diuji menggunakan analisis Chi-square dan korelasi spearman. Hasil: Masalah kondisi psikologis pada remaja DKI Jakarta yang berdomisili di DKI Jakarta pada tahun 2020 masih tinggi, khususnya tingkat kecemasan. Analisis dengan menggunakan uji korelasi spearman menunjukkan bahwa faktor psikologis seperti cemas, depresi, stress dan jumlah masalah psikologis memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan terjadinya halitosis subjektif (p<0.05). Kesimpulan: Masalah psikologis pada remaja yang berdomisili di DKI Jakarta memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan terjadinya halitosis subjektif.

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Background: Subjective halitosis is a common problem in society. Psychological problems in adolescents who live in DKI Jakarta in 2020 have a high prevalence. There are only few information about psychological problems such as anxiety, depression, and stress can affect subjective halitosis. The aim of the study is to determine the relationship between psychological problems and subjective halitosis.

Methods: The study is using cross-sectional design and analyzed with Chi-Square and Spearman correlation analysis.

Results: The prevalence of psychological problems is high, especially anxiety level. Analisis using the spearman correlation showed that psychological factors such as anxiety, depression, stress and amount of pcychologic problem had a statiscally significant relationship with the occurrence of subjective halitosis (p<0.05).

Conclusion: There is correlation between psychological problems in adolescents who live in DKI Jakarta with subjective halitosis."

"[ABSTRACTHalitosis merupakan masalah medico-social yang mempengaruhi citra dan kepercayaan diri seseorang serta masyarakat. Kemampuan seseorang untuk mengetahui bahwa dirinya memiliki halitosis dan sejauh mana bau tersebut mengganggu khalayak ramai belum diketahui, sehingga diperlukan informasi mengenai gambaran perceived needs halitosis dengan metode self-assessment.Sampel penelitian didapat dengan menyebar angket formulir ekektronik dan didapatkan 1253 responden mahasiswa S1 Universitas Indonesia. Hasil uji Chi Square menunjukan terdapat perbedaan responden dengan bau mulut dan tanpabau mulut berdasarkan karakteristik, persepsi waktu terjadinya bau mulut, menjaga kebersihan gigi dan mulut, serta persepsi keadaan rongga mulut memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan dengan halitosis, sedangkan penyakit sistemik dan kebiasaan selfcare tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan.

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ABSTRACTHalitosis is a medico-social problem that affects the confidence of a person and community. The information of perceived needs halitosis by using self-assessment methods is necessary to know the effect of someone?s perception about halitosis and how far it affects community. Samples were obtained by distributing e-form questionnaire and there were 1253 respondents from undergraduate students of Universitas Indonesia. Chi Square test shows that there are significant differences in respondents with or without halitosis based on these characteristic, perception of halitosis occurring time, oral hygiene, and perception of oral health, however systemic diseases and self care habit don't have significant differences. Halitosis is a medico-social problem that affects the confidence of a person and community. The information of perceived needs halitosis by using self-assessment methods is necessary to know the effect of someone's perception about halitosis and how far it affects community. Samples were obtained by distributing e-form questionnaire and there were 1253 respondents from undergraduate students of Universitas Indonesia. Chi Square test shows that there are significant differences in respondents with or without halitosis based on these characteristics, perception of halitosis occurring time, oral hygiene, and perception of oral health, however systemic diseases and self care habit don't have significant differences.;Halitosis is a medico-social problem that affects the confidence of a person andcommunity. The information of perceived needs halitosis by using self-assessmentmethods is necessary to know the effect of someone?s perception about halitosisand how far it affects community. Samples were obtained by distributing e-formquestionnaire and there were 1253 respondents from undergraduate students ofUniversitas Indonesia. Chi Square test shows that there are significant differencesin respondents with or without halitosis based on these characteristics; perceptionof halitosis occurring time, oral hygiene, and perception of oral health, howeversystemic diseases and self care habit don?t have significant differences.;Halitosis is a medico-social problem that affects the confidence of a person andcommunity. The information of perceived needs halitosis by using self-assessmentmethods is necessary to know the effect of someone?s perception about halitosisand how far it affects community. Samples were obtained by distributing e-formquestionnaire and there were 1253 respondents from undergraduate students ofUniversitas Indonesia. Chi Square test shows that there are significant differencesin respondents with or without halitosis based on these characteristics; perceptionof halitosis occurring time, oral hygiene, and perception of oral health, howeversystemic diseases and self care habit don?t have significant differences., Halitosis is a medico-social problem that affects the confidence of a person andcommunity. The information of perceived needs halitosis by using self-assessmentmethods is necessary to know the effect of someone?s perception about halitosisand how far it affects community. Samples were obtained by distributing e-formquestionnaire and there were 1253 respondents from undergraduate students ofUniversitas Indonesia. Chi Square test shows that there are significant differencesin respondents with or without halitosis based on these characteristics; perceptionof halitosis occurring time, oral hygiene, and perception of oral health, howeversystemic diseases and self care habit don?t have significant differences.]"

"Latar Belakang: Altmetrics, atau alternative metrics, berguna dalam memperhitungkan atensi daring sebuah artikel. Tujuan: penelitian ini mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis altmetrics artikel penelitian mengenai halitosis yang paling memicu perhatian daring Metode: Melakukan pencarian artikel penelitian di Dimensions terhadap keyword “halitosis”. 73 artikel dengan nilai AAS tertinggi lolos proses screening kemudian data berbagai metrik dan karakteristik artikel dikumpulkan untuk dianalisis. Hasil: Keberadaan jurnal di media sosial mempengaruhi jumlah sitasi Scopus dan nilai PlumX (p < 0,05). Tidak ditemukan korelasi antara AAS dengan sitasi Scopus (r = -0,009 dan p > 0,05) sementara terdapat korelasi relatif positif antara PlumX dengan sitasi Scopus (r = 0,667 dan p < 0,05). Subjek artikel mengenai halitosis paling umum membahas tatalaksana, kualitas hidup, dan pencegahan. Tipe studi mengenai halitosis paling umum berupa review atau bersifat observasional. Kesimpulan: Baik peneliti maupun masyarakat luas dapat memanfaatkan fitur-fitur yang ditawarkan oleh altmetrics sebagai metode pencarian informasi berbasis bukti. Penggunaan altmetrics secara bersamaan dengan metrik yang tidak memperhitungkan media sosial dapat mempersempit disparitas antara apa yang peneliti dan masyarakat rasa adalah penelitian yang menarik dan dibutuhkan. Penyempitan disparitas akan berakibat pada berkurangnya misinformasi dan misrepresentasi artikel ilmiah di masyarakat.

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Background: Altmetrics, or alternative metrics, are used in calculating an article’s online attention. Objectives: This study identifies and analyzes the altmetrics of research articles on halitosis that trigger the most attention. Methods: A search in Dimensions using the keyword “halitosis” was done. 73 articles with the highest AAS scores passed the screening process. Data on various metrics and characteristics of the articles were analyzed. Results: journal’s social media presence affects the number of Scopus citations and PlumX values ​​(p < 0.05). There was no correlation between AAS and Scopus citation (r = -0.009 and p > 0.05) while there was a relatively positive correlation between PlumX and Scopus citation (r = 0.667 and p < 0.05). Articles most commonly discuss management, quality of life, and prevention. The most common type of study is review or observational. Conclusions: Researchers and the general public will benefit from altmetrics as an evidence-based information search tool. Using altmetrics alongside citation metrics can narrow the gap between what researchers and the public believe to be research-worthy. Narrowing the disparity will have an impact on reducing misinformation and misrepresentation of scientific articles in the general public."

"Latar Belakang: Terdapat penelitian yang menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara faktor interaksi sosial, yaitu jenis kelamin dan tingkat pengetahuan dengan self-perceived halitosis. Masih terdapat beberapa faktor interaksi sosial lainnya yang belum diketahui hubungannya dengan self-perceived halitosis. Tujuan: Mengidentifikasi hubungan antara faktor-faktor interaksi sosial dan self-perceived halitosis pada remaja DKI Jakarta. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional. Self-perceived halitosis diukur melalui self-assessment halitosis menggunakan metode licking wrist dan interaksi sosial diukur menggunakan 23 pertanyaan kueioner. Hasil: self-perceived halitosis lebih tinggi pada laki-laki dibanding perempuan (p = 0,038, r = - 0,139). Selain itu, adanya pengalaman tidak menyenangkan mengenai bau mulut meningkatkan self-perceived halitosis (p = 0,011, r = 0,136) dan semakin tinggi tingkat pendidikan maka semakin tinggi self-perceived halitosis. Faktor interaksi sosial lainnya tidak memiliki hubungan dengan self-perceived halitosis (p>0,05). Kesimpulan: terdapat hubungan antara faktor jenis kelamin, pengalaman/persepsi sosial, dan pendidikan terhadap self-perceived halitosis.

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Background: There are studies that show a relationship between social interaction factors, that is gender and level of knowledge with self-perceived halitosis. There are still several other social interaction factors in which the relationships toward self-perceived halitosis have not yet known.

Objective: To identify the relationship between social interaction factors and self-perceived halitosis toward adolescents in DKI Jakarta.

Methods: The study is using cross-sectional design. Self-perceived halitosis was measured through self-assessment of halitosis using the licking wrist method and social interaction was measured using 23 questionnaire questions.

Result: self-perceived halitosis was higher in males than females (p = 0.038, r = - 0.139). In addition, having an unpleasant experience with halitosis increases self-perceived halitosis (p = 0.011, r = 0.136) and the higher the level of education, the higher the self-perceived halitosis. Other social interaction factors have no relationship with self-perceived halitosis (p>0,05).

Conclusion: There is a relationship between gender, social experience factors, and level of education on self-perceived halitosis."

"Halitosis (bad breath) is the most complained problem among mouth and teeth health. The source of halitosis are volatile sulfur compounds produced by Streptococcus mutatn from degradation of food debris. Sirih leaves (Piper betle L.) are trditionally used as mouth antiseptic for its volatile oil. The aim of this research was to formulate sirih extract into an extract with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) with 96% ethanol for 24 hours, resulting to an extract with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), on Streptococcus mutans of 8.49 x 10 g/ml. The extract with streng quadrupele of the MIC, or equel to 0.92% provide iodine, was formulate using 2 factorial design. Corn starch, hydroxypropyl methycellulose (HPMC) and sorbitol were independent variables and drying time ,moisture, film hicknes, desintegrating time, and film streng were the dependent ones.The results showed that HPMC significantly fastened the drying time, decreased the moisture, and lengthened the desintegrating time. Sorbitol significantly fastened he drying time, increased the moisture, and strengthened the film, while corn stach decreased the moisture and lengthened the disintegrating time. Optimation of the formula ingredients using contour plot superimposed cannot be determinetd due to edible film disintegrating time that was out of comparative interval."

"[Bau mulut (Halitosis) merupakan masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang dikeluhkan sebagian besar masyarakat. Komponen utama pada bau mulut adalah volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), yaitu hidrogen sulfida (H2S), metil merkaptan (CH3SH), dan dimetilsulfida ((CH3)2S). Salah satu bahan alami yang secara tradisional digunakan untuk mengurangi bau mulut adalah buah burahol (Stelechocarpus burahol). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi efek sediaan tablet hisap yang mengandung buah kepel dalam mengontrol bau mulut. Tiga puluh orang subyek sehat dibagi secara acak menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitukelompok tablet hisap eksrak buah kepel dan kelompok permen karet xilitol. Subyek menggunakan tablet hisap pada pagi setelah makan pagi dan siang setelah makan siang. Pemeriksaan bau mulut dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali, yaitu segera setelah bangun tidur, setelah makan pagi, dan siang hari sesudah makan siang. Variabel pemeriksaan bau mulut yang diukur adalah skor organoleptik, kadar H2S,kadar CH3SH, dan kadar (CH3)2S. Efek tablet hisap ekstrak buah burahol sebanding dengan permen karet xilitol dalam menurunkan kadar H2S, CH3SH, (CH3)2S dan skor organoleptik bau mulut pada subyek. Tablet hisap yang mengandung ekstrak buah burahol (Stelechocarpus burahol) efektif dalam mengontrol bau mulut sehingga dapat digunakan untuk pengobatan bau mulut (halitosis).;

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Oral malodour (Haitosis) as an oral problem that most people complain. In all cases, bad breath is caused by the presence of volatile organic compounds originating from the mouth or the expired air. The aim of this study is know of the effect of lozenges containing kepel fruit (Stelechocarpus burahol) in controlling oral malodour in normal subjects. Thirty normal subjects were divided into two groups

randomly, one groups received lozenges containing kepel fruits and the other groups received lozenges containing xilitol. Subjects receiving as much two tablets lozenges each day during one day, ie morning after breakfast and after lunch. Oral malodour examination performed three times, ie immediately after waking, after breakfast, and afternoon after lunch. Variable oral malodour is measured levels of H2S, CH3SH, (CH3)2S. The result were shown that lozenges containing kepel fruits (Stelechocarpus burahol) did not differ with lozenges containing xilitol in reducing the levels of H2S, CH3SH, (CH3)2S and organoleptics oral malodour in normal subjects. Lozenges containing kepel fruits (Stelechocarpus burahol) is effective in controlling oral malodour so it can be used for the treatment of oral malodour (Halitosis).;Oral malodour (Haitosis) as an oral problem that most people complain. In all cases,

bad breath is caused by the presence of volatile organic compounds originating

from the mouth or the expired air. The aim of this study is know of the effect of

lozenges containing kepel fruit (Stelechocarpus burahol) in controlling oral

malodour in normal subjects. Thirty normal subjects were divided into two groups

randomly, one groups received lozenges containing kepel fruits and the other

groups received lozenges containing xilitol. Subjects receiving as much two

tablets lozenges each day during one day, ie morning after breakfast and after

lunch. Oral malodour examination performed three times, ie immediately after

waking, after breakfast, and afternoon after lunch. Variable oral malodour is

measured levels of H2S, CH3SH, (CH3)2S. The result were shown that lozenges

containing kepel fruits (Stelechocarpus burahol) did not differ with lozenges

containing xilitol in reducing the levels of H2S, CH3SH, (CH3)2S and

organoleptics oral malodour in normal subjects.

Lozenges containing kepel fruits (Stelechocarpus burahol) is effective in

controlling oral malodour so it can be used for the treatment of oral malodour

(Halitosis).;Oral malodour (Haitosis) as an oral problem that most people complain. In all cases,

bad breath is caused by the presence of volatile organic compounds originating

from the mouth or the expired air. The aim of this study is know of the effect of

lozenges containing kepel fruit (Stelechocarpus burahol) in controlling oral

malodour in normal subjects. Thirty normal subjects were divided into two groups

randomly, one groups received lozenges containing kepel fruits and the other

groups received lozenges containing xilitol. Subjects receiving as much two

tablets lozenges each day during one day, ie morning after breakfast and after

lunch. Oral malodour examination performed three times, ie immediately after

waking, after breakfast, and afternoon after lunch. Variable oral malodour is

measured levels of H2S, CH3SH, (CH3)2S. The result were shown that lozenges

containing kepel fruits (Stelechocarpus burahol) did not differ with lozenges

containing xilitol in reducing the levels of H2S, CH3SH, (CH3)2S and

organoleptics oral malodour in normal subjects.

Lozenges containing kepel fruits (Stelechocarpus burahol) is effective in

controlling oral malodour so it can be used for the treatment of oral malodour

(Halitosis)., Oral malodour (Haitosis) as an oral problem that most people complain. In all cases,

bad breath is caused by the presence of volatile organic compounds originating

from the mouth or the expired air. The aim of this study is know of the effect of

lozenges containing kepel fruit (Stelechocarpus burahol) in controlling oral

malodour in normal subjects. Thirty normal subjects were divided into two groups

randomly, one groups received lozenges containing kepel fruits and the other

groups received lozenges containing xilitol. Subjects receiving as much two

tablets lozenges each day during one day, ie morning after breakfast and after

lunch. Oral malodour examination performed three times, ie immediately after

waking, after breakfast, and afternoon after lunch. Variable oral malodour is

measured levels of H2S, CH3SH, (CH3)2S. The result were shown that lozenges

containing kepel fruits (Stelechocarpus burahol) did not differ with lozenges

containing xilitol in reducing the levels of H2S, CH3SH, (CH3)2S and

organoleptics oral malodour in normal subjects.

Lozenges containing kepel fruits (Stelechocarpus burahol) is effective in

controlling oral malodour so it can be used for the treatment of oral malodour

(Halitosis).]"

"Stelechocarpus Burahol buah asli nusantara penghilang bau mulut dan bau badan diketahui turun temurun di gunakan masyarakat ,sumber bahan alami pembuatan larutan kumur penghilang bau mulut.Tujuan : Mengetahui daya hambat bakteri ekstrak buah kepel, serta efikasi larutan kumur ekstrak buah kepel dibanding larutan komersial dalam mengontrol halitosis fisiologis.Metode : Cross-over 30 subyek penelitian, single blind,dua kelompok. Pengujian organoleptik test serta pengukuran VSCs dengan Oralchroma?.Hasil: uji daya anti bakteri Phyromonas ginggivalis ATCC 33277, Metode dilusi, kepel KBM 75%, KHM (-), larutan komersial KBM 25%, KHM 25%. Metode difusi,kepel;daya hambat konsentrasi 50%:8mm, 75%:8mm, 100%:10mm, larutan komersial;25%:10mm, 50%:11mm, 75%:14mm, 100%:14mm,signifikan larutan komersial ,P-value 0.034,alpha 5%. Analisa crossover;H2S kepel 0.05, komersial 0.25,P-value 0.0349 ,alpha 1%,nilai R-square sebesar 69.1%. Nilai CH3SH kepel 0,24,komersial 0.17 P-value 0.324,alpha 1%. Nilai (CH3)2S kepel 0.246, komersial 0.238, P-value 0.338 alpha 1%. P-value nilai tengah H2S , CH3SH, dan (CH3)2S, diatas alpha 1%.Kesimpulan : Kemampuan daya hambat bakteri larutan kumur komersial lebih baik secara bermakna, namun kemampuan larutan kepel dan komersial dalam menghambat H2S , CH3SH dan (CH3)2S tidak beda bermakna.

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Kepel (Stelechocarpus Burahol) an nusantara's fruit of origin, well known as oral and body anti mallodour for a long time ago specialy in javanish heritage, its become natural promising source for develope natural mouthwash in controling fisiologic halitosis.This research aimed in testing efficacy betwen kepel and commercial mouthwash containing green tea extract as oral anti mallodour in fisiologic halitosis.Method: A randomized, single blind, two-group ,Cross-over design with 30 subject. Using organoleptic test and Oralchroma ?.Result : anti bacterial test against Phyromonas ginggivalis ATCC 33277, diluted methode ; kepel KBM 75%, KHM (-), comercial mouthwash KBM 25%, KHM 25%. Difused methode kepel mouthwash positive in concentration 50%:8mm, 75%:8mm, 100%:10mm, comercial moutwash 25%:10mm, 50%:11mm, 75%:14mm, 100%:14mm, better result in commercial mouthwash ,P-value 0.034 alpha 5%. Crossover analytic H2S kepel 0.05, commercial 0.25,P-value 0.0349 alpha 1%, R-square 69.1%. Result for CH3SH kepel 0,24,commercial 0.17 Pvalue 0.324 alpha 1%. Result (CH3)2 kepel 0.246, commercial 0.238, P-value 0.338 alpha 1%. P-value for H2S , CH3SH and (CH3)2S above alpha 1% .Conclusion : Anti bacterial ability of commercial mouthwash better than kepel's, thougt both kepel and commercial mouthwash had almost same resulted in reducting levels H2S , CH3SH and (CH3)2S."

"Pendahuluan: Latar belakang budaya merupakan salah satu faktor penting yang mempengaruhi pendidikan seseorang, termasuk pendidikan kesehatan gigi. Siwak (Salvadora persica) dikenal sebagai alat pembersih mulut yang berasal dari Arab kuno dan memiliki nilai budaya agama Islam. Selain itu, menurut beberapa penelitian, siwak memiliki kandungan antibakteri yang berfungsi untuk membunuh bakteri yang menyebabkan bau mulut (halitosis). Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk menganalisis perubahan parameter halitosis yaitu kadar Volatile Sulfur Compounds (VSC), Bleeding on Probing (BOP) dan tongue coating setelah penggunaan siwak pada santri usia 11-13 tahun di pesantren Tapak Sunan Jakarta. Material dan Metode: Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah experimental research dengan subjek penelitian santri usia 11-13 tahun sebanyak 25 orang. Pengukuran parameter halitosis dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah pemakaian siwak selama 10 hari melalui pendidikan kesehatan gigi. Gas VSC diukur menggunakan alat “Oralchroma” dan skor organoleptik. Pengukuran BOP dilakukan dengan probing pada sulkus gingiva di 6 permukaan pada semua gigi. Pengukuran tongue coating dilakukan dengan menilai area lapisan putih pada permukaan lidah lalu diklasifikasikan. Pengolahan data dilakukan secara statistik dengan uji Paired T Test ( p< 0,05 sebagai level signifikan). Hasil: Terjadi penurunan kadar rata-rata VSC total sebanyak 75% setelah pemakaian siwak. Jumlah subjek yang memiliki skor 1 organoleptik meningkat menjadi 36% yang disertai dengan penurunan jumlah subjek dengan skor 4. Terjadi penurunan nilai rata-rata BOP dan skor tongue coating berurutan sebanyak 57,7% dan 26% setelah penggunaan siwak. Analisis statistik terhadap seluruh parameter halitosis sebelum dan sesudah penggunaan siwak dengan paired-t-test memperlihatkan perbedaan yang bermakna (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Terjadi penurunan parameter halitosis sebelum dan sesudah penggunaan siwak pada santri usia 11-13 tahun di pesantren Tapak Sunan Jakarta.

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Introduction: Cultural background is one of important factors that influences education, including dental health education. Siwak (Salvadora persica), an oral cleansing tool which came from ancient Arab has Islamic cultural values. Many researches concluded that siwak contains antibacterial agent which has function to kill bacteria causing oral malodor (halitosis).

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze halitosis parameters change which consisted of Volatile Sulfur Compounds (VSC), Bleeding on Probing (BOP) and tongue coating after using siwak at 11-13 year old students in Tapak Sunan Boarding School.

Materials and methods: This study used experimental research method and 25 students in the age group of 11-13 year old became subjects of this study. Halitosis parameters measurements were taken before and after using 10 days siwak usage and through dental health education. OralChroma and organoleptic score were used to measure the VSC. Probing on six sites of gingival sulculs of each tooth was used to measured BOP. Classification of tounge coating was performed by observing the presence of white coating on the tongue surface. Statistical analysis was performed using Paired-t Test with p<0.05 as the level of significance.

Results: Approximately 75% reduction of total VSC concentration was observed after siwak usage. Number of subjects with score 1 in organoleptic assessment for halitosis was also increased by 36%. Followed by reduction of BOP and tongue coating score by 57.7% and 26% respectively. Statistical analysis of those parameters showed significant differences before and after siwak usage.

Conclusion: Siwak usage sucessfully decreased all halitosis parameters of the 11-13 years old students in Tapak Sunan Boarding School."