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"STAR-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery takes over portions of East Kalimantan. In the first part of this study, the basic theory of SAR was reviewed, begin by digital signal processing, and then range / azimuth resolution and the last is pulse compression. Specific applications like Frost Filter to reduce speckle caused by multiplicative white noise had been run by "FILTER.F77" program. The Frost filter seems not to give optimum results in this study area. The application of classification also had been run by packet program "Bakosurtanal image analysis system" before and after filtering. Running 'ANALISA & ANALPOS' program and then running its output with 'STATGRAPHIC' program can clear the differences between homogeneous and inhomogeneous areas. "

"Teknologi yang cocok dan menguntungkan untuk terminal regasifikasi skala kecil adalah Ambient Air Vaporizers (AAV) dengan menggunakan udara ambien sebagai fluida pemanasnya. Penelitian ini akan melakukan simulasi dengan mengadopsi model numerik Lee (2017) untuk mengetahui pengaruh temperatur dan relative humidity udara ambien di Indonesia terhadap kinerja Ambient Air Vaporizers. Model numerik dalam penelitian ini disimulasikan menggunakan Spreadsheet pada Microsoft Excel. Model numerik menggunakan metode finite element dengan time step dan control volume 60 s dan 1 m. Temperatur LNG outlet terbesar diperoleh dari temperatur udara ambien 35°C yaitu 5,1°C. Selama 8 jam operasi, temperatur LNG berkurang hingga 0,5°C. Sedangkan, temperatur LNG outlet terkecil diperoleh dari temperatur udara ambien 20°C yaitu -1,4°C yang bekurang hingga -11,5°C selama 8 jam operasi. Ketebalan frost yang paling besar diperoleh dari temperatur udara ambien 35°C yaitu 10,38 mm selama 8 jam operasi. Sedangkan, ketebalan frost yang paling kecil diperoleh dari temperatur udara ambien 20°C yaitu 8,49 mm selama 8 jam operasi. Temperatur udara ambien memiliki pengaruh yang lebih besar daripada relative humidity terhadap kinerja temal AAV dan dinamika frost..AUTHORA suitable and beneficial technology for small scale regasification terminal is Ambient Air Vaporizers (AAV) by using ambient air as its heating fluid. This study will conduct a simulation by adopting the numerical model Lee (2017) to determine the effect of temperature and relative humidity of ambient air in Indonesia on the performance of Ambient Air Vaporizers. The numerical model in this study is simulated using a spreadsheet in Microsoft Excel. The numerical model uses finite element method with time step and control volume of 60 s and 1 m. The biggest temperature LNG outlet is obtained from the ambient air temperature of 35°C which is 5.1°C. During 8 hours of operation, the LNG temperature is reduced to 0.5°C. Meanwhile, the smallest LNG outlet temperature is obtained from the ambient air temperature of 20°C which is -1.4°C which is reduced to -11.5°C for 8 hours of operation. The greatest frost thickness was obtained from the ambient air temperature of 35°C which is 10.38 mm for 8 hours of operation. Meanwhile, the smallest frost thickness was obtained from an ambient air temperature of 20°C which was 8.49 mm for 8 hours of operation. Ambient air temperature has a greater effect than relative humidity on AAV performance and frost dynamics."

"This SpringerBrief presents a recent advancement in modeling and measurement of the effect of surface wettability on the defrost process. Carefully controlled laboratory measurements of the defrosting of cooled surfaces are used to reveal the effect of surface wetting properties on the extent and speed of frost removal by melting or slumping. The experiments are accompanied by visualization of frost removal at several defrosting conditions. Analysis breaks the defrost process into three stages according to the behavior of the meltwater. Surface wetting factors are included, and become significant when sufficient meltwater accumulates between the saturated frost layer and the surface. The book is aimed at researchers, practicing engineers and graduate students."