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"Latar Belakang: Adanya stimulus yang diterima oleh dentin akan direspon oleh kompleks dentin-pulpa melalui reaksi inflamasi. Perkembangan terapi endodontik regeneratif melalui rekayasa jaringan melibatkan eksosom sebagai salah satu komponen pendukung yang esensial. Wharton’s Jelly (WJ) merupakan salah satu sumber sel punca mesenkim yang telah terbukti memiliki kemampuan berdiferensiasi menjadi adiposit, osteosit, dan kondrosit di bawah stimulasi yang sesuai. Belum ada studi yang mempelajari potensi eksosom WJ pada regenerasi kompleks dentin-pulpa.Tujuan: Mengetahui potensi angiogenik dan odontogenik eksosom WJ melalui ekspresi FGF-2 dan DSPP pada regenerasi kompleks dentin-pulpa.Metode: Untuk mengetahui potensi angiogenik, pada kultur hDPSC primer dilakukan penambahan eksosom WJ 0,5%, 1%, dan 5% dibandingkan dengan kontrol pada waktu observasi 3 dan 7 hari, kemudian dilakukan analisis ekspresi FGF-2 dengan uji ELISA. Selain itu, dilakukan analisis ekspresi marker diferensiasi odontogenik yaitu ekspresi DSPP dengan uji ELISA pada waktu observasi 7 dan 14 hari, serta pengamatan kualitatif sel dari pewarnaan Alizarin Red pada hari ke-21. Uji statistik dilakukan menggunakan one-way Anova.Hasil: Terdapat peningkatan ekspresi FGF-2 dan DSPP yang menunjukkan potensi eksosom WJ berbagai konsentrasi (0,5%, 1%, dan 5%) pada media kultur hDPSC, serta terlihat gambaran nodul berwarna merah menunjukkan deposisi mineral yang berasal dari sel punca pulpa yang terdiferensiasiKesimpulan: Eksosom WJ memiliki potensi untuk diferensiasi angiogenik dan odontogenik.

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Background: The stimulus received by dentin will be responded by dentin-pulp complex through inflammatory reaction. The development of regenerative endodontic therapy through tissue engineering involves exosomes as one of the essential supporting components. Wharton's Jelly (WJ) is one of the sources of mesenchymal stem cells that have been proven to have the ability to differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes under appropriate stimulation. There has been no study on the potential of WJ exosomes on dentin-pulp complex regeneration.

Objective: To investigate the angiogenic and odontogenic potential of WJ exosomes through the expression of FGF-2 and DSPP towards regeneration of pulp-dentine complex.

Methods: To determine the angiogenic potential, the primary hDPSC culture was added with 0.5%, 1%, and 5% WJ exosomes compared to the control at the observation time of 3 and 7 days, then analysed the expression of FGF-2 by ELISA test. In addition, the expression of odontogenic differentiation markers, namely DSPP expression, was analysed by ELISA test at 7 and 14 days of observation, as well as qualitative observation of cells from Alizarin Red staining on day 21. Statistical tests were performed using one-way Anova.

Results: There was an increase in the expression of FGF-2 and DSPP indicating the potency of WJ exosomes at various concentrations (0.5%, 1%, and 5%) in the hDPSC culture medium, and red nodules were seen indicating mineral deposition derived from differentiated pulp stem cells.

Conclusion: WJ exosomes have potential for angiogenic and odontogenic differentiation."

"Latar Belakang: Memori sangat berperan penting dalam proses kehidupan. Seiring dengan bertambahnya usia, fungsi memori akan mengalami penurunan karena proses neurodegenerasi. Stimulus eksternal baik latihan fisik aerobik maupun environmental enrichment EE mampu memperlambat terjadinya neurodegenerasi dengan meningkatkan neuroplastisitas melalui ekspresi berbagai protein baik protein sinaptik maupun growth factor seperti insulin like growth factor 1 IGF-1 dan fibroblast growth factor 2 FGF-2 . Pemberian kombinasi latihan aerobik dan environmental enrichment kontinyu dan pengaruhnya pada ekspresi IGF-1 dan FGF-2 yang diharapkan mampu meningkatkan fungsi memori belum dilakukan pada penelitian sebelumnya.Bahan dan Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental pada 24 tikus Wistar jantan Rattus norvegicus, 300-400 gram, usia 7-8 bulan , dibagi secara acak ke dalam 4 kelompok: kontrol K , latihan aerobik A , Environmental Enrichment kontinyu EE , dan kombinasi latihan aerobik dan Environmental Enrichment kontinyu A-EE .Hasil: Kelompok kombinasi latihan aerobik dan environmental enrichment A-EE menunjukkan fungsi memori spasial tikus terbaik. Namun ekspresi IGF-1 dan FGF-2 hipokampus pada kelompok A-EE tidak lebih tinggi dari kelompok lain. Selain itu, ekspresi FGF-2 hipokampus berkorelasi positif dengan kekuatan sedang dengan fungsi memori, sedangkan IGF-1 hipokampus berkorelasi negatif dengan kekuatan lemah dengan fungsi memori.Kesimpulan: Peningkatan fungsi memori pada kelompok kombinasi merupakan hasil induksi ekspresi berbagai protein di hipokampus, namun jalur utama yang meningkatkan fungsi memori bukanlah melalui peningkatan ekspresi IGF-1 dan FGF-2 di hipokampus.

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Background Memory plays an important role in life. Memory declines with age through the process of neurodegeneration. External stimuli such as aerobic exercise and environmental enrichment EE can delay neurodegeneration by improving neuroplasticity via expression of various synaptic proteins and growth factors such as insulin like growth factor 1 IGF 1 and fibroblast growth factor 2 FGF 2 . Combination treatment of aerobic exercise and continuous environmental enrichment and their effect on the expression of IGF 1 and FGF 2 which were expected to improve memory function has not been studied previously.Materials and Methods This is an experimental research using 24 male Wistar rats Rattus norvergicus, 300 400 g, age 7 8 months divided randomly into 4 groups control C , aerobic exercise A , continuous environmental enrichment EE , and combination of aerobic exercise and continuous environmental enrichment A EE .Results Combination of aerobic exercise and environmental enrichment group A EE showed the best improvement in rats rsquo spatial memory. But their hippocampal IGF 1 and FGF 2 expression were not higher than other groups. There was positive correlation between hippocampal FGF 2 and memory function, but there was negative correlation between hippocampal IGF 1 and memory function.Conclussions Improvement in memory function in combination group is a result of induction of various protein expression in the hippocampus, but the primary pathway of memory function improvement is not through the hippocampal IGF 1 and FGF 2 expression. "