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"Ruang lingkup dan cara penelitian: Proteasom adalah partikel subseluler yang berperan dalam degradasi protein intrasel. Dari kepustakaan diketahui bahwa konsentrasi proteasom serum pada penderita kanker meningkat dibandingkan individu normal. Belum diketahui apakah konsentrasi proteasom juga meningkat pada tahap prakanker. Telah dilakukan penelitian induksi karsinogenesis hati pada tikus Wistar dengan menggunakan N,2-Fluorenilasetamida (FAA) 40 lag. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati apakah terjadi perubahan konsentrasi proteasom dalam plasma dan jaringan hati pada tahap prakanker dan bagaimana efek pemberian tomat terhadap konsentrasi proteasom. Pada penelitian ini tikus dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok : kelompok kontrol 1(KKl) yaitu kelompok tikus yang hanya diberi akuabides, kelompok kontrol 2 (KK2) yaitu kelompok tikus yang diberi Pulvis Gum Arab (PGA) + minyak kelapa, kelompok kontrol 3 (KK3) yaitu kelompok tikus yang diberi emulsi tomat, kelompok perlakuan 1 (KP1) yaitu kelompok tikus yang diinduksi FAA dan kelompok perlakuan 2 (KP2) yaitu kelompok tikus yang diberi emulsi tomat dan diinduksi FAA. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan mengambil plasma dan jaringan hati setelah perlakuan selama 4 minggu dan 8 minggu. Dilakukan pengukuran konsentrasi proteasom dan pemeriksaan histopatologis jaringan hati untuk menilai derajat kerusakan hati. Pengukuran konsentrasi proteasom dilakukan dengan ELISA. Analisis hasil dilakukan dengan uji statistik Anava 1 arah, kecuali untuk konsentrasi proteasom plasma 4 minggu digunakan uji non parametrik Kruskal Wallis dengan batas kemaknaan p <0,05.Hasil dan kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi proteasom plasma KP1 berbeda bermakna (p<0,05) dibandingkan kelompok kontrol dan KP2 setelah 8 minggu, sedangkan konsentrasi proteasom jaringan hati KP1 telah berbeda bermakna (p<0,05) dibandingkan kelompok kontrol dan KP2 sejak perlakuan 4 minggu. Pengamatan secara histopatologis menunjukkan adanya perubahan pada tahap prakanker pada perlakuan 8 minggu pada KP1 dan tidak pada kelompok yang lain. Dengan demikian hasil pengamatan konsentrasi proteasom pada tikus menunjukkan, bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi proteasom plasma terjadi pada tahap prakanker sementara peningkatan konsentrasi proteasom hati terjadi lebih dahulu daripada plasma dan kelainan histopatologisnya. Dari penelitian ini ternyata tomat memiliki efek protektif terhadap terjadinya karsinogenesis hati.

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Proteasome is subcellular particle, which have role in degradation of intracellular protein. It is known that concentration of proteasome in serum cancer patients is higher than normal subject, but whether proteasome concentration increased at precancer is still unknown. This study was conducted to investigate the alteration of proteasome concentration during hepatocarcinogenesis induced by N, 2-Fluorenilacetamide (FAA) and protective effect of tomato. This research use rats that divided randomly into 5 groups: control group I (KKI), which only received bidistilled water, control group 2 (KK2), received Pulvis Gummi Arabic (PGA) + palm oil, control group 3 (KK3), received tomato emulsion, group of treatment I (KPI), which induced by FAA and group of treatment 2 (KP 2), induced by FAA and received tomato emulsion. The rats were sacrificed in the forth and eights week after treatment. Some parts of the liver were taken for histological examination and the rest were homogenized. Concentration of proteasome was determined from liver homogenats and plasma by ELISA method.

This study showed that proteasome concentration in plasma KP 1 is significantly increase compared to all control groups and KP 2 after 8 weeks, while concentration of proteasome in liver KP 1 significantly increase compared to all control groups and KP 2 after 4 weeks. Histological examinations showed signs of precancer only at KP 1 after 8 weeks treatment and not in other groups. This study suggested that proteasome concentration of rats? plasma were increased in precancer; elevation of liver proteasome were detected before alteration of liver cell occurred; and tomato emulsion has protective effect in liver carcinogenesis."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan kondisi penerapan manajemen risiko pada bandara sesuai dengan acuan ISO 31000:2018 dan Federation Aviation Administration (FAA). Objek penelitian ini merupakan Bandara Rahadi Oesman Ketapang yang merupakan salah satu bandara dengan penerbangan domestik di Kalimantan Barat. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif wawancara dan telaah pustaka dokumen terkait dengan metode studi kasus. Data primer didapatkan melalui hasil wawancara semi terstruktur terhadap narasumber terkait meliputi Kepala UPTD, Kepala Unit Operasional, Unit Pelayanan dan Keselamatan serta Kepala Sub bagian Tata Usaha. Analisis data melalui telaah dan komparasi keadaan riil organisasi (dalam hal ini Bandara Rahadi Oesman) berdasarkan Badan Standarisasi Nasional, ISO 31000 tahun 2018 dan Federation Aviation Administration (FAA). Hasil penelitian menunjukan kebutuhan perusahaan terhadap pembentukan tim manajemen risiko guna meminimalisir dampak risiko yang terjadi atau risiko baru yang mungkin terjadi. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi sumber kajian implementasi pembentukan tim khusus terkait manajemen risiko di perusahaan khususnya bandara rahadi oesman.

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This research aims to describe the condition of risk management implementation at the airport in accordance with ISO 31000:2018 and the Federation Aviation Administration (FAA) standards. The object of this research is Rahadi Oesman Ketapang Airport, which is one of the domestic airports in West Kalimantan. The research uses a qualitative approach of interviews and literature review of documents related to the case study method. Primary data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with relevant informants including the Head of UPTD, Head of Operational Unit, Service and Safety Unit, and Head of Administrative Subdivision. Data analysis was conducted through review and comparison of the real organizational conditions (in this case Rahadi Oesman Airport) based on the National Standardization Agency, ISO 31000 in 2018, and the Federation Aviation Administration (FAA). The results of the research indicate the company's need for the formation of a risk management team to minimize the impact of existing risks or potential new risks. This research is expected to be a source of study on the implementation of the formation of a special team related to risk management in companies, especially Rahadi Oesman Airport."

"This book outlines the structure and activities of companies in the European aviation industry. The focus is on the design, production and maintenance of components, assemblies, engines and the aircraft itself. In contrast to other industries, the technical aviation industry is subject to many specifics, since its activities are highly regulated by the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), the National Aviation Authorities and by the aviation industry standard EN 9100. These regulations can influence the companies’ organization, personnel qualification, quality management systems, as well as the provision of products and services. This book gives the reader a deeper, up-to-date insight into today's quality and safety requirements for the modern aviation industry. Aviation-specific interfaces and procedures are looked at from both the aviation legislation standpoint as well as from a practical operational perspective."