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"A practical guide for the diagnostic surgical pathologist, this new edition of Biopsy Interpretation of the Breast presents the diverse spectrum of pathologic alterations that occur in the breast in a manner analogous to that in which they are encountered in daily practice. Lesions are grouped together according to their histologic patterns rather than by the traditional benign-malignant categorization in order to simulate the way pathologists face these lesions as they examine microscopic slides on a daily basis. The role of adjunctive studies in solving diagnostic problems in breast pathology is emphasized where appropriate.In addition, the clinical significance and impact on patient management of the various diagnoses are discussed and key clinical and management points highlighted."

"Frozen section library : breast provides an easy reference and pocket book about the nuances of adequately handling breast specimens in a fashion that meets the increasingly complex environment of breast pathology. The pros and cons of frozen section versus use of touch imprint as well as related quality assurance requirements are addressed. Other less common uses of intraoperative evaluation, such as diagnosis and margin evaluation are described. The volume includes recommended guidelines for evaluation and documentation of specific gross pathologic features, in conjunction with radiological imaging. Techniques and protocols for such examinations are illustrated. The volume closes with an overview of the newly published guidelines for handling a variety of breast specimens, which are intended to be used for assessment of predictive factors."

"Latar Belakang: Air susu ibu (ASI) merupakan asupan yang direkomendasikan pada semua bayi baru lahir. ASI pada bayi yang menjalani perawatan intensif diberikan dalam bentuk ASI perah (ASIP). Akan tetapi, berbagai penelitian menunjukkan bahwa serangkaian proses persiapan ASIP merupakan sumber kontaminasi dan penularan infeksi. Infeksi pada bayi baru lahir merupakan salah satu masalah serius yang belum terpecahkan dalam perawatan bayi baru lahir, termasuk pada Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM). Meskipun alur pengelolaan ASIP yang digunakan sudah sesuai dengan standar WHO, belum pernah dilakukan evaluasi terhadap kejadian kontaminasi ASIP sebelumnya.Tujuan: Mengetahui angka kejadian kontaminasi ASIP di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya.Metode: Dilakukan penelitian potong lintang terhadap 60 sampel ASIP di divisi Neonatologi Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Anak (IKA) Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia (FKUI) - Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) pada bulan Desember 2018 hingga Januari 2019. Sampel penelitian merupakan ASIP yang didapatkan dari proses pemerahan oleh ibu dengan bayi yang dirawat di ruang perawatan Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) RSCM. Ibu dengan riwayat penyakit yang menular lewat ASI, mengalami mastitis, atau sedang mengonsumsi antibiotik dan probiotik dieksklusi dari penelitian. Dilakukan pemeriksaan kultur terhadap ASIP sebanyak dua kali yaitu pertama kali maksimal dua jam setelah ASI diperah dan kedua kali setelah disimpan di lemari pendingin dengan suhu <4oC selama 48 jam, selesai dilakukan pemrosesan dan siap diberikan pada bayi.Hasil: Didapatkan hasil angka kontaminasi ASIP di NICU RSCM adalah sebesar 66,67%. Profil kuman terbanyak sebagai kontaminan ASIP di NICU RSCM adalah Staphyloccocus epidermidis (ASIP setelah diperah 46,7%, ASIP sebelum pemberian 40%), Acinetobacter baumanii (ASIP setelah diperah 18,3%, ASIP sebelum pemberian 16,7%) dan Staphylococcus haemolyticus (ASIP setelah diperah 13,3%, ASIP sebelum pemberian 6,7%). Faktor risiko yang berpengaruh terhadap kontaminasi ASIP di NICU RSCM diantaranya adalah tindakan cuci tangan ibu sebelum memerah ASI dan penggunaan masker oleh petugas saat memproses ASIP untuk bayi.

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Background: Breast milk is the recommended nutrient for every newborn. Newborn in neonatal intensive care unit is also provided in form of expressed breast milk. However, various studies have shown that expressed breast milk preparation is prone to contamination and infection transmission. Infection in newborn is a serious problem which has not been solved in newborn care, including in Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital (CMH). In spite of its expressed breast milk process correspond with World Health Organization guideline, evaluation has never been thouroughly done for expressed breast milk contamination rate.

Objective: To investigate expressed breast milk contamination rate in Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital and its affecting factors

Method: Cross sectional study was done to 60 expressed breast milk samples in Neonatology division, Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia (FKUI) - Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital (CMH) on December 2018 to January 2019. Samples for the study were expressed breast milk taken from mother whose baby was admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of CMH. Mothers with breast milk transmission infection, having mastitis, or consuming antibiotic or probiotic were excluded from the study. Culture from samples was done two times, the first time was at maximum of two hours after breast milk was expressed and the second time was after the breast milk had been stored in freezer with temperature below 4o Celsius for 48 hours, processed, and ready to be taken by newborn.

Result: It is shown that the contamination rate of expressed breast milk in NICU of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital was 66,67%. Most prevalent bacteria for expressed breast milk contaminant were Staphylococcus epidermidis (1st sampling 46,7% , 2nd sampling 40%), Acinetobacter baumanii (1st sampling 18,3%, 2nd sampling 16,7%), and Staphylococcus haemolyticus (1st sampling 13,3%, 2nd sampling 6,7%). Risk factors affecting expressed breast milk contamination in NICU of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital were mother handwashing before breast milk expression and the use of mask for officers processing expressed breast milk."

"Latar Belakang: Kanker payudara merupakan keganasan yang dapat bermetastasis ke kelenjar limfe aksila dan/atau organ jauh. Studi-studi sebelumnya menunjukkan terdapat kaitan antara sejumlah morfologi mamogram dan gambar ultrasonografi (USG) payudara dengan adanya metastasis kelenjar limfe. Seringkali pasien dengan kecurigaan kanker payudara diperiksakan di rumah sakit ketika sudah dalam stadium lanjut atau bahkan terdapat metastasis yang seharusnya dapat dideteksi lebih awal. Mamografi dan USG payudara merupakan modalitas radiologis yang mudah untuk dikerjakan untuk diagnosis kanker payudara dan tersedia di banyak rumah sakit. Sampai saat ini, belum ada penelitian mengaitkan secara langsung temuan morfologis mamografi dan USG payudara pada pasien kanker payudara yang mengalami metastasis. Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan temuan morfologis mamografi dan USG payudara pada pasien kanker payudara dengan metastasis dengan pasien kanker payudara tanpa metastasis di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM). Metode: Dilakukan pembacaan ulang hasil mamogram dan gambar USG payudara dari 112 pasien yang didapatkan dari sistem Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) di Departemen Radiologi RSCM dengan klinis karsinoma payudara berdasarkan patologi anatomi. Data riwayat pasien didapatkan dengan melihat catatan di rekam medis melalui Electronic Health Record (HER) atau Hospital Information System (HIS). Dilakukan analisis pada usia dan karakteristik morfologis lesi meliputi variabel bentuk lesi, ukuran terbesar lesi, jarak tumor ke kutis, adanya kalsifikasi, jenis kalsifikasi, distribusi kalsifikasi, dan adanya distorsi arsitektur pada mamogram, dan bentuk lesi, ukuran terbesar lesi, jarak tumor ke kutis, vaskularisasi lesi, adanya kalsifikasi, dan adanya distorsi arsitektur pada gambar USG payudara menggunakan uji Chi-Square atau Fisher. Dilakukan juga analisis multivariat regresi logsitik pada variabel yang signifikan secara statistik menggunakan metode backward yang disajikan dalam bentuk odds ratio (OR). Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik pada variabel usia (p=0,032), ukuran terbesar lesi pada mamogram (p<0,001), jarak tumor ke kutis pada mamogram (p=<0,001), ukuran terbesar lesi pada gambar USG payudara (p<0,001), dan jarak tumor ke kutis pada gambar USG payudara (p=0,001) antara pasien kanker payudara dengan metastasis dengan tanpa metastasis. Pada analisis multivariat gabungan temuan morfologis mamogram dan gambar USG payudara, didapatkan perbedaan bermakna secara statistik pada ukuran terbesar lesi pada mamogram dengan nilai OR 3,73 (p=0,003) dan jarak tumor ke kutis pada mamogram dengan nilai OR 3,34 (p=0,006). Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna temuan mamogram dan USG payudara yaitu masing-masing ukuran terbesar lesi>5 cm dan jarak tumor ke kutis ≤0,5 cm dengan adanya metastasis pada kanker payudara. Temuan ukuran terbesar lesi>5 cm dan jarak tumor ke kutis ≤0,5 cm pada mamogram dapat memprediksi kemungkinan terjadinya metastasis pada kanker payudara.

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Background: Breast cancer is a malignancy that can metastasize to axillary lymph nodes and distant organs. Previous studies have shown an association between the morphological findings of mammograms and ultrasound images of the breast and the presence of lymph node metastasis. Patients with suspected breast cancer are often examined in the hospital when they are in an advanced stage or even have metastasis that should have been detected earlier. Mammography and breast ultrasound are radiological modalities that are easy to perform to diagnose breast cancer and are available in many hospitals. To date, no studies have directly compared the morphological findings of mammography and breast ultrasound in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Purpose: To identify the differences in the morphological findings of mammography and breast ultrasound in breast cancer patients with metastasis compared to those without metastasis at Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital (RSCM). Methods: Mammogram results and breast ultrasound images from 112 patients diagnosed with breast carcinoma based on anatomical pathology were obtained from the Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) at the Department of Radiology RSCM. The images were then reviewed. Patient history is obtained from the Electronic Health Record (EHR) or Hospital Information System (HIS). Analyzes were performed on age and morphological characteristics of the lesion, including the shape of the lesion, the largest diameter of the lesion, the distance of the tumor to the skin, the presence of calcification, the type of calcification, the distribution of calcifications, and the presence of architectural distortion on mammograms, and the shape of the lesion, the largest diameter of the lesion, the distance of the tumor to the skin, the vascularity of the lesion, the presence of calcification, and the presence of architectural distortion on breast ultrasound images using Chi-Square or Fisher method. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was also conducted on statistically significant variables using the backward method, which was presented as an odds ratio (OR). Results: There was a statistically significant difference in age (p=0,032), the largest diameter of the lesion on the mammogram (p<0,001), the distance of the tumor to the skin on the mammogram (p<0,001), the largest diameter of the lesion on breast ultrasound (p<0,001), and the distance of the tumor to the skin on breast ultrasound images (p=0,001) between metastatic and non-metastatic breast cancer patients. In the multivariate analysis of the combination of morphological findings of the mammogram and breast ultrasound images, there were statistically significant differences in the largest diameter of the lesion on mammograms with an OR value of 3.73 (p=0,003) and the distance of the tumor to the skin on mammograms with an OR value of 3.34 (p= 0,006). Conclusion: There is a significant difference in mammogram and breast ultrasound findings, such as the largest diameter of the lesion >5 cm and the distance of the tumor to the skin ≤0,5 cm with the presence of metastasis in breast cancer. The findings of the largest diameter of the lesion >5 cm and the distance of the tumor to the skin ≤0,5 cm on the mammogram can predict the probability of metastasis in breast cancer."

"Pembengkakan payudara menjadi salah satu manifestasi klinis ibu postpartum yang sering muncul. Di Indonesia rata-rata 5% ibu postpartum mengalami masalah ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis asuhan keperawatan pada Ibu R (20 tahun) status paritas P1A0, postpartum hari ke-9 dengan masalah pembengkakan payudara. Intervensi yang dilakukan yaitu pemberian kompres kol sehari 2 kali selama 4 hari. Hasil observasi didapatkan adanya penurunan nyeri dari skala VAS 8 menjadi skala VAS 1 dan perubahan kondisi payudara dengan menggunakan instrumen Six Poin Engorgement Self-rated (SPES), dari skala 5 menjadi skala 1. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, kol (Brassica oleracea var capitata) memiliki efektivitas untuk mengatasi masalah pembengkakan payudara. Selain kol terdapat berbagai cara yang dapat digunakan, dari hasil penelitian ini diharapkan akan muncul penelitian lain yang lebih bervariasi. Kata kunci: Bendungan ASI, kompres kol, pembengkakan payudara.

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Breast engorgement is one of the most common clinical manifestations of postpartum mothers. In Indonesia, an average of 5% of postpartum mothers experience this problem. This study was conducted to analyze nursing care in NY. R (20 years) with P1A0, 9th day postpartum with breastfeeding problems. The intervention was giving cabbage compresses 2 times a day for 4 days. The results of observations showed a decrease in pain from the VAS 8 scale to the VAS 1 scale and changes in breast condition using the Six Points Engorgement Self-rated (SPES) instrument, from a scale of 5 to a scale of 1. Based on the results of this study, cabbage (Brassica oleracea var capitata) has effectiveness in overcoming the problem of breast milk accumulation. Apart from cabbage, various ways can be used. From the results of this study, it is hoped that other, more varied studies will emerge. Keywords: Breast engorgement, breast milk, cabbage leaf."

"Kanker payudara adalah adalah tumor ganas yang terbentuk dari sel-sel payudarayang tumbuh dan berkembang tanpa terkendali sehingga dapat menyebar diantarajaringan atau organ di dekat payudara atau ke bagian tubuh lainnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan usia menarche pada perempuan dengan kejadian kanker payudara di daerah perkotaan Indonesia dengan menganalisis data riset PTM tahun 2016. Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah cross sectional dengan sampel 34.635, sample diambil berdasarkan total sampling data yang masuk dalam kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi penelitian. Analis bivariat menggunakan chi-Square dan analisis multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proporsi kanker payudara pada perempuan di daerah perkotaan Indonesia berdasarkan data riset PTM tahun 2016 sebesar 7,9%. Hasil analisis multivariate hubungan usia menarche dengan kejadian kanker payudara memiliki P value 0,539 OR 1,051 (0,897-1,232) yang berarti P value >0,05. Kesimpulannya, tidak ada hubungan antara usia menarche dengan kejadian kanker payudara berdasarkan data riset PTM tahun 2016 setelah di kontrol dengan variabel pendidikan, pekerjaan, riwayat kanker pada keluarga dan pola kebiasaan makan

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Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that was formed from breast cells that grow

out of control so that it can spread between tissues or organs near the breast or to other parts of the body. This study aims to know the correlation between the age of menarche in women and the incidence of breast cancer in urban areas of Indonesia by analyzing data from the 2016 Non-Communicable Diseases research. Design of this research used cross sectional study, sample which suitable from inclusion and exclusion criteria was 34.635 respondens. Bivariate analysis used chi-square and multivariate analysis used logistic regression. The results showed the proportion of breast cancer in women in urban areas of Indonesia based on research data on Non-Communicable Diseases in 2016 was 7.9%. Multivariate analysis showed that relationship between the age of menarche and

the incidence of breast cancer P value 0.539 OR 1.051 (0.897-1.232) which means P value > 0.05. The conclusion, there was not a significant relationship between the age of menarche in women and the incidence of breast cancer in urban areas of Indonesia by analyzing data from the 2016 Non-Communicable Diseases research after being controlled with variables of education, occupation, family history of cancer and dietaryhabits."