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"ABSTRAKTindakan kedokteran adalah persetujuan yang diberikan oleh pasien atau keluargaterdekat setelah mendapat penjelasan secara lengkap dan jelas mengenai tindakankedokteran yang akan dilakukan terhadap pasien. Skripsi ini membahas mengenaikelengkapan dan keakuratan pengisian informed consent tindakan medis berisikopasien rawat inap RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung periode bulan Desember2010. Desain yang digunakan dalam skripsi ini deskriftif dengan pendekatankuantitatif. Data yang diambil adalah semua formulir informed consent padarekam medis pasien rawat inap yang dilakukan tindakan medis berisiko sebanyak357 berkas.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa proporsi kelengkapan pengisianinformed consent masih belum 100%.Atas hasil ini disarankan kepada manajemen rumah sakit untuk memberikanpembekalan kepada para dokter yang akan melaksanakan program spesialis,melakukan monitoring dan evaluasi terhadap pengisian informed consent,memberikan insentif and desinsentif kepada para dokter residen, dokter spesialisdan UPF berkaitan dengan hasil evaluasi.

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ABSTRACTMedical procedure is consent given by the patient or next of kin after a full andclear explanation of the medical procedure to be performed on patients. This paperdiscusses about the completeness and accuracy of filling the inpatients riskmedical procedure informed consent at RSUP Dr. Hasan sadikin Bandung periodfrom December 2010. Design used in this thesis with a descriptive quantitativeaproach. The data retrieved are all informed consent forms in about 357 medicalrecords of patient who performed the medical procedure. As a result of reseachshows that the proportion of completeness of informed consent is still not fillingto 100%. For this result suggested to the hospital management to provide adebriefing to the doctor who will carry out a specialist program, monitoring andevaluation of nformed consent filling, provide reward and punishment to theresidents, specialist and departemen related to the evaluation results."

"ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas evaluasi efektivitas dari pengendalian internal ataspenyusunan laporan keuangan konsolidasian yang di fasilitasi oleh SAP BPC. SAPBPC diterapkan di PT. VPP efektif 1 Januari tahun 2013 sebagai sistem aplikasiyang memfasilitasi penyusunan laporan keuangan konsolidasian PT. VPP.Kebutuhan manajemen untuk menghasilkan keputusan bisnis berbasiskan laporankeuangan yang sesuai dengan PSAK dan dapat mengakomodir IFRS, merupakanjawaban yang dapat diberikan oleh SAP BPC. Kegiatan pengendalian terhadappenyusunan laporan keuangan konsolidasian yang difasilitasi oleh SAP BPC yangtertuang dalam ICOFR PT. VPP. Pengendalian terhadap penyusunan laporankeuangan, selain IT Control adalah KPI Akurasi Laporan Keuangan yangbertujuan untuk memastikan keakurasian data pada laporan keuangan yangberkontribusi kepada keandalan laporan keuangan.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses the evaluation of the effectiveness of internal control over thepreparation of the consolidated financial statements which was facilitated by SAPBPC. SAP BPC implemented in PT. VPP effective January 1, 2013 as a systemapplication that facilitates the preparation of the consolidated financial statementsof PT. VPP. Management needs to make business decisions based on financialstatements in accordance with PSAK and may adaptive to IFRS, an answer can begiven by a SAP BPC. Control activities for the preparation of consolidatedfinancial statements is facilitated by SAP BPC captured in ICOFR PT. VPP.Control over financial reporting, in addition to IT Control, KPI of FinancialStatements Accuracy are intended to ensure the accuracy of the data on thefinancial statements that contribute to the reliability of financial statements."

"There are many information which can be processed in many emails. Clasisification is a way to organize the informations which are be in the emails....."

"ABSTRAKTujuan Penelitian: Untuk melihat keakuratan koding diagnosis dan prosedur medis serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya perbedaan klaim INA CBGs RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo.Metode: Deskriptif observasional, simple random sampling, perhitungan kuantitatif menggunakan data retrospektif, data resume medis elektronik pasien.Hasil: Didapatkan 43% coding diagnosis utama oleh dokter tidak sesuai. 62% koding diagnosis sekunder DPJP tidak sesuai, namun mengalami perbaikan setelah dilakukan reseleksi dan entry data oleh coder sebesar 97%. Kesesuaian coding prosedur medis sebesar 98% dan 100% grouper yang sesuai, tapi masih ditemukan kesalahan coding dan severity level sebesar 27,7%. Akibat ketidaksesuaian coding dan grouping severity level menimbulkan kerugian Rp 584.099 per kasus pada tahun 2016, dan bila dihitung berdasarkan biaya riil terhadap klaim INA CBGs maka didapatkan selisih negatif yang jauh lebih besar yaitu Rp 17.263.241 per kasus.Kesimpulan: Penyebab kerugian klaim RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo diakibatkan ketidakcermatan dokter dalam penulisan resume medis elektronik dan coding, serta diperburuk oleh ketidaktelitian coder dalam melakukan reseleksi dan prosedur entry coding.

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ABSTRACTObjective : To know the accuracy of diagnostic coding, medical procedures and factors affecting the difference in claims of hospital INA CBGs and BPJS HealthMethods: observational descriptive, simple random sampling methode,retrospective data sourced from patient's electronic medical resume .Results: 43% of the principal diagnosis codes were not appropriate. 62% of secondary diagnosis codes by Doctor are not appropriate, but improved to 97% after the reselection and data entry by the coder.The suitability of medical procedures coding reaches 98% and 100% accuracy of diagnosis grouping. However, there is still 27.7% cases of difference in severity level due to mismatch of coding and causing potential loss of Rp 584.099 IDR each case during period of 2016, If calculated based on the ratio of hospital real cost tariff to the INA CBGs claims, there will be a much larger negative difference of 17.263.241 IDR each case.Conclusion: Causes of negative claims (loss) of RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo with BPJS payments due to incompleteness in electronic medical resume input and bad coding standard, and continued with the coder s inaccuracy in reselection diagnosis and data entry that causes potential losses."

"Peramalan permintaan LPG untuk rumah tangga di Indonesia dimana masyarakatnya menggunakan sumber energi tersebut sebagai komoditi utama dalam aktifitas memasak merupakan salah satu bagian terpenting yang digunakan oleh para pengambil keputusan dalam merencanakan sebuah kebijakan. Dalam studi awal rantai pasokan selalu mengedepankan sisi permintaan dalam menentukan langkah perencanaan selanjutnya, termasuk dalam perencanaan pengelolaan LPG di Indonesia. Kodisi saat ini dimana dengan semakin meningkatnya konsumsi LPG ditengah dominasi impor dan tantangan geografis dalam distribusi, seringkali terjadi deviasi antara perencanaan dan realisasi. Hal tersebut berdampak pada aspek biaya dan operasional dilapangan. PT Pertamina (Persero) sebagai perusahaan yang diberi penugasan, dituntut untuk dapat menjalankan bisnis secara effektif dan efisien. Dimana salah satu untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut adalah dengan melakukan estimasi yang lebih akurat mengenai permintaan LPG kedepan supaya dapat dijadikan referensi untuk perencanaan pengelolaan LPG. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan analisis konsumsi LPG untuk memperoleh model peramalan yang lebih baik dan akurat guna memproyeksikan kebutuhan LPG bulanan di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan analisis data realisasi konsumsi bulanan LPG sektor rumah tangga nasional mulai tahun 2015-2020 dengan menggunakan salah satu metode time series forcasting yaitu Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA). Hasilnya penelitian menunjukkan model yang diperoleh yaitu Sessional ARIMA (1,1,1)(1,1,1)12 mempunyai tingkat keakurasian yang sangat signifikan dengan nilai parameter akurasi MAPE (mean absolute percentage error) yang dihasilkan 1.7% dan MSE (mean square error) yang rendah sehingga termasuk dalam kriteria model yang mempunyai kemampuan peramalan yang sangat baik.

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Forecasting LPG demand for households in Indonesia, where people use this energy source as the primary commodity in cooking activities, is one of the most important parts of planning a policy. In the initial study, the supply chain always prioritizes the demand side in determining the next planning step, including planning for LPG management in Indonesia. However, the current condition is that with the increasing consumption of LPG amid the dominance of imports and geographical challenges in distribution, there is often a deviation between planning and realization. The impact of this situation is cost and operational aspects in the field. Therefore, PT Pertamina (Persero), as the company assigned the task, is required to be able to run the business effectively and efficiently. One way to achieve this goal is to make a more accurate estimate of future LPG demand so that it can be used as a reference for LPG management planning. Therefore, this study analyzes LPG consumption to obtain a better and more accurate forecasting model to project monthly LPG demand in Indonesia. Thus, analyzing the monthly LPG consumption realization data for the national household sector from 2015-2020 was carried out using one of the time series forecasting methods, namely the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA). The results showed that the model obtained is Sessional ARIMA (1,1,1)(1,1,1)12 had a very significant level of accuracy with the MAPE accuracy parameter value (mean absolute percentage error) the resulting 1.7% and MSE (mean square error) is low, so it is included in the criteria of a model that has excellent forecasting ability."

"ABSTRAKThis study is a descriptive-qualitative study with an embedded-case study research design. The purposes of the study are (1) to describe strategies decided to translate comics entitled The Very Best of Donald Duck Comics into Indonesian, 2) to describe the effect of the strategies on the accuracy in content and acceptability of translated text of The Very Best of Donald Duck Comics. The data of the research are English comics entitled The Very Best of Donald Duck Comics and their translation in Indonesian, selected using purposive sampling technique. Two methods of data collection were employed: content analysis used to obtain data from both source and target texts, and questionnaire was used to gather data about the accuracy in content, and acceptability. The accuracy in content and acceptabilty of the translated text were rated by three raters. The results of data analysis show that: (1) there are five strategies used to translate The Very Best of Donald Duck Comics into Indonesian namely structural adjustment, cultural term borrowing, adaptation, maintenance, and deletion, (2) the chosen strategies contribute positively to the accuracy in content and acceptability of the translated texts. The average score for accuracy in content and acceptability is 1.15. This average score means that the source text has been accurately rendered into the target language; the target is easy to understand as determined by the raters and it needs not restructured."

"ABSTRAKThe current Indonesian standard for daylighting in buildings, SNI 03-2396-2001, recommends the use of sky component from a sky as the metric for indicating indoor daylight availability. To calculate sky component as a function of the relative position (L/D and H/D) of an unglazed, vertical daylight aperture, a reference table are provided; however, the accuracy of the tabulated values are unknown. This article reports the accuracy of the provided values compared to the analytical ones. It is found that 11 from 361 provided values have relative errors of 10% or larger. Comparisons between results of some worked examples obtained from interpolating the table values and from solving the analytical expression are also reported. based on analisis that recommended to use the reference table only if the L/D and H/D ratios are within the tabulated range of 0.1 ~ 6.0. otherwise, the use of analytical expression to determine the sky component is strongly suggested. "

"Salah satu faktor penyebab kemacetan lalu lintas di perkotaan adalah banyaknya aktivitas keluar dan masuk pada rumah-rumah yang dibangun di sekitar ruas jalan raya. Permasalahan utamanya adalah waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk membukakan pintu gerbang rumah. Untuk itu perlu dikembangkan sebuah sistem gerbang otomatis yang dapat menghilangkan waktu delay kendaraan tersebut di jalan raya. Beberapa gerbang otomatis yang telah dikembangkan adalah sistem gerbang otomatis berbasis sensor ultrasonik dan kemudian sistem gerbang berbasis RFID. Gerbang dengan sistem sensor ultrasonik memiliki kelemahan pada sistem autentikasi kemudian pada sistem gerbang berbasis RFID rentan terganggu apabila ada perangkat yang beroperasi pada frekuensi yang sama di sekitar gerbang. Pada Skripsi ini akan dikembangkan gerbang otomatis yang dapat mengautentikasi pemilik kendaraan dan juga tidak dapat diganggu oleh gelombang radio seperti pada sistem RFID. Skema dari sistem gerbang otomatis ini adalah dengan mengintegrasikan aplikasi android berbasis GPS untuk mengirimkan gelolocation kendaraan ke web server. Dan data yang ada di web server akan diambil oleh mikrokontroler secara real-time.

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In urban areas, the number of houses on the roadside causes congestion. The vehicles need a delay time when opening the gate by themself to enter the house. If the owner has to get out of the car to open the gate himself or wait for someone from inside of the house to open the door, it will cause disruption of the public road. For this reason, it is necessary to develop a gate system that can overcome this problem.

There are many methods to build this system. The first is the ultrasonic sensor-based automation system, where the gate can be opened if the coming object reflects the sound wave from the sensor and make it as trigger to open the gate. But the problem of this system is it can not authenticate approaching objects. Another system is RFID-based automatic gate that can provide a trigger to the microcontroller if the desired object is on a radius. And this system can authenticate the vehicle that will open the gate. But this system is susceptible to radio waves that being distributed by other devices that work on the same frequency as RFID receivers at the gate. In addition, this system requires additional RFID tags for each vehicle.

In this scientific work, an automatic gate will be designed that can open the gate automatically and can authenticate, but is not disturbed by radio waves. This system will utilize geolocation, android applications, web servers, and microcontrollers."

"Interaksi obat dan ketidaktepatan dosis pada peresepan pasien balita perlu mendapat perhatian penting, mengingat kondisi patologis dan fisiologis pasien balita yang belum sempurna, sehingga dapat mempengaruhi respon tubuh terhadap obat yang diberikan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran pola peresepan, interaksi obat dan frekuensi ketepatan dosis pada peresepan pasien balita. Tujuan lainnya adalah menganalisis pengaruh intervensi tidak langsung terhadap frekuensi interaksi obat dan frekuensi ketepatan dosis. Rancangan penelitian adalah pra-eksperimental dalam bentuk one group pretestposttest dengan pengambilan data secara restrospektif dan prospektif. Sampel adalah seluruh resep pasien dibawah umur lima tahun (balita) selama 1 bulan, sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Intervensi adalah ringkasan hasil analisis resep yang diberikan secara tidak langsung ke dokter puskesmas.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gambaran terbesar obat yang sering diresepkan untuk pasien balita pada periode sebelum dan setelah dilakukan intervensi adalah sama, yaitu Parasetamol (PCT). Obat yang mengalami interaksi sebelum dan setelah intervensi adalah sama, yaitu Amoxicillin-Antasida, Antasida-Vitamin C, Kotrimoxazol-Salbutamol, Kotrimoxazol-Antasida, Salbutamol-Prednison, dan Salbutamol-Dexametason. Berdasarkan dosis lazim diketahui bahawa frekuensi dosis tidak tepat lebih besar dari pada frekuensi dosis tepat baik pada periode sebelum maupun setelah intervensi. Intervensi tidak berpengaruh secara bermakna terhadap frekuensi interaksi obat dan frekuensi ketepatan dosis pada peresepan pasien balita.

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Drug interaction and dosing accuracy in toddler patients prescribing must have special attention due to pathological and physiological conditions of toddler patients have not function well yet, so it can affect body's responses to drugs given. The purpose of this research is to know the description of prescribing patterns, drug interactions and frequency of dosing accuracy in toddler patients prescribing. Another aim is to analyzed the effect of indirect intervention on drug interactions and the frequency of dosing accuracy. Analysis was performed in a retrospective and prospective descriptive analytical method with pre-experimental research design in the form of one-group pretest-posttest. The sample is the entire of toddler patients prescribing taken for 1 month, before and after intervention. Intervention is in the form of a summary that given indirectly to the doctor in puskesmas.The result is known the description of the top one drugs prescribed for toddler patients before and after the intervention is Paracetamol (PCT). Drugs that have interactions are the same, they were Amoxicillin-Antacids, Antacids-Vitamin C, Kotrimoxazol-Salbutamol, Kotrimoxazol-Antacids, Salbutamol-Prednisone and Salbutamol-Dexamethason. Based on the usual dose of each drug, known that frequency of the inappropriate dosage are greater than frequency of the appropriate dosage both in the period of before and after intervention. The effect of intervention used statistic by t-test known that there were no significant differences in frequency of drug interactions and dosage frequency accuracy in toddler patients prescribing, both before the intervention and after intervention."

"Akurasi adalah nilai yang menyatakan tingkat kebenaran hasil pengukuran sesuai dengan standard. Untuk mengetahui akurasi sebuah linear transducer diperlukan kalibrasi. Namun sering ditemukan, setelah dilakukan kalibrasi, akurasinya sudah keluar dari batas toleransi yang diijinkan, sehingga tidak layak digunakan lagi. Agar dapat digunakan kembali, perlu dilakukan perbaikan, sayangnya perbaikan secara hardware sangat mahal. Disini disampaikan rancangan metode perbaikan akurasi menggunakan software, dengan memanfaatkan data kalibrasi yang diproses dengan genetic algorithm. Keuntungannya adalah, hanya dengan memasukan data kalibrasi ke software untuk diolah menjadi parameter koreksi. Kemudian diprogramkan ke microcontroller sebagai kompensator maka akan segera diperoleh hasil peningkatan akurasinya.Dalam metode peningkatan akurasi ini, linear transducer didekati hanya dengan monomial dengan membagi sepanjang linear transducer menjadi segmen-segmen kecil dengan suatu algoritma khusus, kemudian dibentuk chromosome untuk monomial pada genetic algorithm (GA) dengan parameternya berupa bilangan integer untuk memudahkan pemrograman pada microcontroler. Kemudian melakukan modifikasi internal GA khususnya pada selection dan crossover operator. Dalam penelitian ini selection operator yang digunakan adalah stochastic universal sampling, dan crossover operator adalah multi point, ternyata kombinasi kedua operator tersebut menghasilkan nilai sum of squares error (SSE) terbaik, sekitar 68.6% dari SSE rata rata.Langkah berikutnya menerapkan metode elitisasi dengan memasukan kembali sebagian elite chromosome ke populasi generasi berikutnya. Dari percobaan diperoleh bahwa dengan 10% elite chromosome menghasilkan nilai root mean squared (RMS) lebih baik yaitu sekitar 38.9 % dari RMS rata rata.Untuk meningkatkan kinerja GA dilakukan segmentasi sepanjang linear transducer. Segmentasi adalah membatasi rentang kerja dengan membagi daerah kerja menjadi beberapa segmen kecil menggunakan nilai golden ratio (GR). Hasilnya ternyata, golden ratio segmentation method mempunyai kinerja lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan hierarchical segmentation method. Nilai RMS menjadi sekitar 49.0% dan jumlah segmen sekitar 85.9%.Selanjutnya untuk mengetahui kinerja metode peningkatan akurasi yang merupakan gabungan dari genetic algorithm dan golden ratio (GA-GR) dilakukan simulasi. Tujuannya adalah untuk meyakinkan bahwa algoritma yang dikembangkan telah berjalan sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian. Dalam simulasi, GA-GR digunakan untuk tracking kurva karakteristik linear transducer. Hasilnya, nilai RMS dari metode GA-GR sekitar 50 - 900 kali lebih baik dari pada menggunakan polinomial.Kemudian untuk mengetahui hasil nyata metode GA-GR dalam meningkatkan akurasi, maka dilakukan percobaan pada linear transducer yang dipasang pada mechanical positioning system, lalu dilakukan kalibrasi menggunakan standard laser interferometer system calibrator dan prosedur British Standard BS 4656. Hasilnya diperoleh bahwa metode GA-GR dapat meningkatkan akurasi sampai dengan 45.1%.Accuracy is the value stating the true level of a measurement result according to the standard. To find out the accuracy of linear transducer, calibration is required. However, it is often found that after calibration is done, the accuracy is out of the permitted tolerance limit. Therefore, it is no longer appropriate to be used. In order to make it useable again, repair is needed to be done but hardware repair is definitely very costly. This dissertation designs a method to increase accuracy by using software, by utilizing calibration data processed by genetic algorithm (GA). The advantage is that it simply needs to enter the calibration data in the software to be processed as correction parameter and the procedure is to be programmed in the microcontroller as the compensator. Then it will soon get the result of the accuracy increment as required.

In this method, the linear transducer is tracked by using only monomial form each small segment of the transducer along its length with a special method of segmenting the linear transducer. Then using the GA to find the parameters of the monomial by putting them into the form of chromosome. To ease the programming in the microcontroller, the parameter values only use integer numbers. The next step the GA internal mechanism is modified, especially in the selection and crossover operators. In this research, the selection operator used is stochastic universal sampling, while the crossover operator is multi point because the combination of those two operators produces the best sum of squares error (SSE), around 68.6% from the average SSE.

The following step is to apply the elitism method by re-entering a subset of elite chromosomes to the next generation population. From the experiments, it can be seen that by re entering 10% of elite chromosomes it will produce better root mean squared (RMS) value, which is around 38.9% from the average RMS.

To increase the GA performance, segmentation a long the length of the linear transducer is done. Segmentation means limiting the work span by dividing the working area into several segments using golden ratio (GR). The result shown that, the golden ratio segmentation method has a higher performance if compared to that with the hierarchical segmentation method. The value of RMS becomes around 49.0% and the number of segments is around 85.9%

Furthermore, to find out the performance of the accuracy increase method which is a combination of genetic algorithm and golden ratio (GA-GR), simulation is conducted. The aim is to make is to make sure that the development algorithm runs in accordance with the objective of the research. In the simulation, GA-GR is used for tracking the curve characteristics of linear transducer. The result is the value of RMS from the GA-GR method is around 50 to 900 times better than using polynomial.

Moreover, to find out the real result of the GA-GR method in increasing accuracy, an experiment on linear transducer on the mechanical positioning system is conducted, using the standard laser interferometer system calibrator and the procedure of British Standard BS 4656. The result obtained is that the GA-GR method can increase accuracy up to 45.1%."