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"Curah hujan tinggi dapat berpotensi mengakibatkan banjir dan tanah longsor yang mengakibatkan kerugian pada masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, informasi sistem monitoring curah hujan menggunakan Automatic Rain Gauge (ARG) dapat menjadi solusi dalam antisipasi bencana hidrometeorologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun alat curah hujan otomatis dan sistem monitoring curah hujan menggunakan ARG berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) di wilayah Provinsi Banten dengan jumlah 10 ARG. ARG yang digunakan dilengkapi dengan sensor reed switch untuk mengukur curah hujan di sekitar dengan metode tipping, kemudian data tersebut diproses menggunakan datalogger dan dikirimkan menggunakan protokol MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport). Hasil rancang bangun alat penakar hujan otomatis di 10 titik pengamatan dengan performa yang baik, hal ini dibuktikan dengan nilai koreksi pada rentang -0.01 mm hingga 0.09 mm, nilai ketidakpastian 0.12 mm hingga 0.16 mm, dan nilai error 0.14 % hingga 2.86 %. Selain itu, nilai korelasi menunjukkan dalam kategori baik hingga sangat baik (0,79 hingga 0,99) dengan nilai RMSE pada rentang sekitar 1,85 mm hingga 12,64 mm.  Data yang telah dikirimkan dari site pengamatan kemudian disimpan dalam cloud sever serta ditampilkan dalam interface berbentuk sistem informasi website yang dilengkapi dengan historis data pengamatan, data curah hujan secara real time, akumulasi berupa grafik, tabel, dan status intensitas curah hujan. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat menjadi monitoring dan peta intensitas curah hujan di wilayah Banten.

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High-intensity rainfall can trigger flooding and landslides and lead to detrimental impact on the community. Therefore, rainfall monitoring system information using Automatic Rain Gauge (ARG) can be a solution in anticipating the hydrometeorological hazards impact. This research aims to make an automatic rain gauge as well as its monitoring system utilizing Internet of Things (IoT) in Banten Province with 10 ARGs in total. The reed switch sensor is installed in the ARG to measure rainfall intensity with tipping method. Then, the data is processed using datalogger and is sent through MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) protocol. The installed ARGs show a good performance which is proved by the correction value ranges from -0.01 mm up to 0.09 mm, and the uncertainty ranges from 0.12 mm up to 0.16 mm, and the error value ranges from 0.14% up to 2.86%. In addition, the correction value represents good up to very good condition (0,79 – 0,99) with RMSE value ranges from 1,85 mm up to 12,64 mm. The data sent from the site is stored in a cloud server and presented through an interface of website information system. The website has features such as historical observed data, real time rainfall intensity, accumulation in form of graph, table, and status of rainfall intensity. These findings can be used to monitor and map the rainfall intensity in Banten Province."

"Background: Toll-like receptor is a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that recognize pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) in a microorganism. Macrophages recognize the presence of mycobacteria through Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) and signaling further lead to the production of cytokines, both proinflammatory TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-15, IL-18 and IFN-γ, as well as anti-inflammatory IL4, IL-10 and TGF-β. TLR2 gene polymorphism is strongly determined by ethnicity and geography. Therefore it is necessary to uncovered the existence and association between Arg753Gln and Arg677Trp TLR2 gene polymorphism with TB susceptibility and its underlying mechanisms in Indonesian population in Bandung West Java. Methods: analytical observational study with cross-sectional design was conducted in Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung from April 2011 to May 2012. Study population consisted of active pulmonary TB patient with positive AFB smear and Latent TB to ascertain previous MTb exposure. Polymorphism of gen Arg753Gln and Arg677Trp gene was determined with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods. Plasma levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-12 were also compared between active and latent TB group. Results: heterozygote Arg753Gln TLR2 gene polymorphism was found in 9 of 86 pulmonary TB subjects (10.5%) but none in the latent TB group. The Arg677Trp polymorphism was not found in both groups. The odds ratio for Arg753Gln existence was 28.07 (p=0.022). No differences in the levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-12 between active pulmonary TB and latent TB subjects with and without Arg753Gln TLR2 gene polymorphism. Conlusion: Arg753Gln polymorphism of TLR2 gene is a risk factor for active pulmonary TB while Arg677Trp polymorphism is not. The Increased risk is not mediated by the difference in IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-12 serum levels."

"Agregasi platelet memainkan peranan di dalam mekanisme terjadinya penyakit-penyakit penyumbatan pembuluh darah seperti serangan "stroke" dan serangan jantung. Interaksi antara fibrinogen melalui untaian Arg-Gli-Asp (RGD) dengan reseptor platelet Glikoprotein IIb/IIIa merupakan tahap terpenting untuk terjadinya agregasi platelet. Interaksi ini dapat diinhibisi oleh peptida yang mengandung untaian RGD.Peneliti terdahulu telah mensintesis peptida RGD siklis dengan untaian asam amino Siklo(1,5)Ac-Pen-Arg-Gli-Asp-Sis dan menguji aktivitas antitrombotiknya. Namun aktivitas antitrombotik peptida tersebut masih relatif rendah (ICsn 48 µM Plasma kaya platelet [PRP] darah manusia). Pada penelitian ini disintesis peptida RGD dengan untaian asam amino NH2-Per -Arg-Gli-Asp-Gksazol-Sis-NH2 melalui 6 tahapan reaksi. Adanya penambahan gugus oksazol pada peptida tersebut diharapkan dapat meningkatkan aktivitas antitrombotiknya.Metode sintesis yang dipakai adalah metode sintesis fasa cair dengan aktivator DCCIHOBt (Dikloheksilkarbodiimidall-Hidroksibenzotriazol) dan proteksi Na-amino menggunakan metode t-Boc maupun Fmoc. Rendemen hasil sintesis setiap tahapan adalah 46 % hingga 81 %. Peptida hasiI sintesis diidentifikasi menggunakan Spektrofotorneter Infra Merah dan Spektrometer 'HNMR, serta dianalisis menggunakan Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi (KCKT). Peptida hasil sintesis diuji aktivitas antitrombotiknya secara in vitro menggunakan PRP darah manusia sehat dengan zat induser ADP dan bantuan alat agregometer. Hasil uji aktivitas antitrombotik memberikan harga IC50 41.4 p.M.

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Synthesis and Antithrombotic Activity (Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation) of Arg-Gly-Asp (Rgd) Peptide Derivative, NH2-Pen-Arg-Gly-Asp-Oxazole-Cys-NH2Platelet aggregation plays role in the mechanism of thrombosis disorders such as stroke and heart at-tack. The interaction between fibrinogen via Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence to the platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor is the most important step in the platelet aggregation formation. This interaction can be inhibited by RGD containing peptide.In the previous study, the cyclic RGD has been synthesized, Cyclo(1,5)Ac-Pen-Arg-Gly-Asp-Cys and evaluating the antithrombotic activity. The antithrombotic activity of this peptide is relatively low (IC50 48 µM human blood Platelet Rich Plasma [PRP]). In the present study, we synthesized RGD containing peptide, NH2-Pen-Arg-Gly-Asp-Oxazole-Cys-N {2 in the 6 steps of reaction. The introducing of oxazole group into the peptide is expected to improve the antithrombotic activity.The synthesis method is a liquid phase synthesis with the activator of DCCIHOBt (Dicyclohexylcarbodiimidell-Hydroxybenzotriazole) and Nu-amino protecting group using either t-Boc or Fmoc method. The yield of synthesis on each step is 46% - 81%. The identification of the peptide is performed by using Spectrophotometry Infra Red and Spectrometry 1H NMR and also analyze using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The antithrombotic activity of the peptide were evaluated through in vitro test using PRP of healthy human blood with ADP as inducer agent, and aggregometer instrumentation. The result of antithrombotic activity test of the peptide is ICsa 41.4 M.M."

"ABSTRACT.This research studies the local-based MDGs and ARG models of poverty eradication efforts in border areas in West Borneo. The aim is to map the psycho-social economic dimensions and identify the behavior of poverty-stricken groups. Poverty in border areas is getting higher compared to other areas since they are strategically and geographically different in characteristics. The purpose of the study is to improve the policy and budgeting system of poverty eradication programs. A qualitative approach is used through the concept of planning and developing. The result shows that the high income of some people does not reduce the number of poor family in border areas. Poor areas in Sambas District are spread in 164 locations, while its development is distributed among 6373 locations. The Gross Domestic Product of Sambas District is higher than two other districts, i.e. IDR 5,287,291.21 and its Per Capita Income is 163,773.00 per month. The profile of poor people: most of them work in agricultural sector, have low education, have improper house with no lavatory, and in average have four children. ABSTRAK.Penelitian Model Millenium Development Goals (MDG?S) ini adalah untuk mengembangkan Anggaran Responsif Gender (ARG) Berbasis Lokal, yang merupakan upaya mengurangi kemiskinan daerah perbatasan. Tujuannya adalah membuat peta dimensi-dimensi psikososial ekonomi dan mengidentifikasi sikap perilaku kelompok miskin. Kemiskinan daerah perbatasan bergerak semakin tajam dibanding daerah lain, karena ia memiliki ciri-ciri yang bernilai strategis, dan berbeda secara geografis. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk memperbaiki kebijakan dan sistem pennganggaran.Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan melalui perencanaan, dan pengembangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perolehan pendapatan yang tinggi pada sebagian masyarakat tidak mengurangi jumlah kelompok keluarga miskin. Daerah miskin di Kabupaten Sambas berjumlah 164 lokasi, dibanding 2 daerah lain, Sementara sebaran pembangunan sekitar 6373 tempat. PDB Kabupaten Sambas lebih tinggi dibanding 2 daerah yang lain yaitu sekitar Rp.5.287.291,21 dan pendapatan per kapita Rp.163.773,00 per bulan. Profil masyarakat miskin tersebut bekerja di sektor pertanian , berpendidikan rendah, rumah yang kurang layak huni, tidak ada toilet,sebagian besar beranak 4 orang."

"Two flavonoid compounds, 5,7,3?,4?-tetrahydroxy-6-geranylflavonol (1) and kaempferol 7-O-β-glucose (2) have beenisolated from the leaves of Macaranga hispida (Blume), Mull.Arg. Isolation and purification were conducted bychromatography methods and chemical structure characterization was carried out by spectroscopic methods. The5,7,3?,4?-tetrahydrxyi-6-geranyl flavonol (1) and kaempferol 7-O-glucose (2) had moderate cytotoxic activity againstmurine leukemia P-388 cell lines with IC50 value of 0.22 and 101.5 μg/mL, respectively. The IC50 for antioxidantactivities of (1) and (2) were 2.83 and 13.95 μg/mL, respectively. The LC50 of (1) and (2) from BSLT were 350 and>1000 μg/mL, respectively.Identifikasi dan Studi Bioaktifitas Senyawa Flavonoid dari Macaranga hispida (Blume) Mull.Arg. Dua senyawaflavonoid, 5,7,3?,4?-tetrahidroksi-6-geranilflavonol (1) dan kaemferol 7-O-β-glukosa (2) telah diisolasi dari daunMacaranga hispida (Blume) Mull. Arg. Isolasi dan pemurnian dilakukan dengan metode kromatografi dan karakterisasistruktur kimia dilakukan dengan metode spektroskopi. 5,7,3', 4'-tetrahidroksi-6-geranil flavonol (1) kaemferol 7-Oglukosa(2) memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik sel murine leukemia P-388 dengan nilai IC50 masing-masing 0,22 dan 101,5μg/mL. Aktivitas antioksidan (1) dan (2) dinyatakan dengan nilai IC50 masing-masing sebesar 2,83 dan 13,95 μg/mL.Nilai LC50 dengan uji BSLT (1) dan (2) masing-masing 350 dan >1000 μg/mL."