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"Pemphigus vulgaris is a relatively uncommon autoimmune disease marked with blister appearance of the skin tissue and mucosal membrane, resulting in loss of intercellular adhesion as well as the intact of epithelial cells, or so-called acantholysis. In this autoimmune disease the immune system forms autoantibodies attacking desmoglein, a specific protein at the skin tissue. The predisposing factors are presumed to include genetic and ethnic origin of the patient. Although at first usually without symptoms, after proceeding to the ulcerating stage the disease can result in fatal complications. Considering that almost 60% of the cases are first manifested in the oral mucosa, it is important that the dentists are aware of the basic etiology and immunology of the disease for correct diagnosis and therapy. This work reviews the etiopathogenesis of Pemphigus vulgaris, with emphasis on immunological aspects and immunotherapy."

"Penatalaksanaan kasus pemfigus vulgaris pada pasien lansia dengan riwayat penyakit kronis. Pemfigus vulgaris (PV) adalah sekelompok penyakit vesikulobulosa yang dapat mengenai kulit dan membran mukosa. PV merupakan penyakit autoimun dengan karakteristik adanya ikatan antara autoantibodi IgG dengan desmoglein 3 pada desmosom. Lesi PV merupakan bula berdinding tipis yang timbul pada kulit dan mukosa yang terlihat normal. Bula pada mukosa oral sangat mudah pecah dan dan membentuk ulser. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang dapat mencetuskan PV meliputi faktor genetik, usia, pemakaian obat-obatan dan makanan. Tulisan ini melaporkan penatalaksanaan kasus yang diduga adalah PV yang terjadi pada lansia dengan riwayat penyakit kronis. Kasus adalah wanita berusia 75 tahun dengan riwayat adanya lesi bula di kulit sejak 2 bulan dan ulserasi oral yang menetap sejak 1 bulan yang lalu. Ulserasi terlihat ditutupi oleh lapisan fibrin dan erosif eritema pada mukosa labial, bukal, dan gingiva. Terdapat riwayat hipertensi, diabetes mellitus, hepatitis, dan trombositopenia. Diagnosis PV ditegakkan berdasarkan keluhan subjektif dan klinis yang dapat dibedakan dengan penyakit vesikobulosa yang lain. Kortikosteroid sistemik diberikan bersama hepato protektor, obat kumur, terapi suportif, dan krim bibir. Bula pada kulit dan ulserasi yang menetap pada mukosa oral adalah manivestasi PV. Pada pasien lansia ini keadaan sistemiknya membutuhkan penatalaksanaan yang lebih intensif dan komprehensif.

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Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a group of vesicobullous disease that affects skin and mucous membranes. PV is associated with autoimmune diseases, characterized by binding of IgG autoantibodies to desmoglein 3 on desmosome. The lesion of PV is a thin-walled bulla arising on the normal skin or mucosa. The bulla of oral mucous are more fragile and rapidly break down, forming irreguler ulcers. There are several factors that can trigger PV including genetic factors, age, drugs and food. The purpose of this paper was to report the treatment of suspected pemphigus vulgaris in elderly patient with history of chronic diseases. A 75-year-old woman with 2 months history of bulla formation on skin and about a month history of persistent oral ulceration. Ulcers were covered with fibrin and erosive erythematous on labial mucosa, buccal mucosa and gingival. The patient has a story of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hepatitis. On routine complete blood count was found thrombocytopenia. Diagnosis was confirmed by anamnesis, clinical examination and complete blood investigation. It should be distinguished from other vesicobullous disease. Systemic corticosteroid therapy was given concurrently with hepato-protector, mouthwash, supportive therapy and topical lip cream. Bulla on skin and persistent erosive ulcers of the oral mucosa are the manifestations of PV. Elderly patient with history of chronic diseases is a complex care of PV and this require more intensive and comprehensive treatment."

"Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune–mediated disease of skin and mucous membran leading to progressive blistering and chronic erosions. It often begins with blister formations which easily rupture. The characteristic feature is positive nikolsky sign which may or not be presented simultaneously. Infrequently, ocular involvement may be seen as conjunctivitis. Establishment of early definite diagnosis is critical and requires correlation of clinical and histopathological findings. Because of this conditon is a potentially life-threatening, the risk of complications and mortality rate increases if initial management is non comprehensive and inadequate. Treatment is directed at supression of autoimmune process, typically administration of corticosteroids. This article report a case in a 51 years old woman who had painful chronic oral ulcer and poor general health condition. Prior to the visit to Oral Medicine clinic, patient was treated by her general practitioners for several months, without either established diagnosis nor comprehensive and adequate management, so that she had no clinical improvement. Clinical examination at the first visit in OralMedicine clinic Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, revealed bula in the skin, conjunctivitis, easily bleed oral mucosae, widespread erosions and ulcerations of the lips, gingiva, tongue, and buccal mucosae. Biopsy of one of skin erosions demonstarting suprabasal intraepithelial acantholysis. Multi divisions in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, such as Oral Medicine, Dermatology, Internal Medicine, Ophtalmology, ENT, were involved in treating this case. Patient received high dose methylprednisolone sistemically and prednisone topically for the lips. General remission achieved in several days. Thus, establishment of early definite diagnosis and adequate management are important in management of Pemphigus vulgaris."