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"Salah satu indikator pencemaran air adalah bakteri Escherichia coli. Disinfeksi secara kimiawi menggunakanklor palingbanyakdigunakan,namun memilikikekurangan yaitu menghasilkan senyawa halogen organik yang bersifatracun. Proses fisika menggunakan sinar UV yang terbatas pada penyebaran cahaya serta biaya yang lebih mahal juga telah diteliti. Kavitasi dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif proses disinfeksi bakteri E.coli.Kavitasi bertindak sebagai biosida lewat senyawa kimia melalui pembangkitan radikal OH dan melalui mekanisme fisik.Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan diketahui bahwa kavitasi water jet dapat mengurangi konsentrasi E.coli hingga 99,99%.

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One of indicator in water pollution is Escherichia colibacterium. Disinfection using chlorine is the most widely used, but has the disadvantage that generates an organic halogen compounds which are toxic. Physical processes using UV light that is limited in light scattering and more expensive also been investigated. Cavitation can be an alternative disinfection of E. coli. Cavitation by acting as a biocide chemical compounds through the generation of OH radicals and through physical mechanisms. From the research that has been done known that the water jet cavitation can reduce E. coli concentrations of 99.99%."

"Kejadian luar biasa diare di Indonesia angkanya cukup tinggi lebih kurang 26 per 1000 penduduk per tahun. Prevalensi penyakit diare berkisar antara 20-49 penderita per 1000 anggota rumah tangga dan angka kematian pada kelompok umur 1-4 tahun sebesar 134 per 100.000 penduduk dan merupakan penyebab kematian nomor 2 setelah pnemonia.Pemukiman pinggir Sungai Ciliwung adalah salah satu wilayah yang potensial terjangkit penyakit diare akibat penduduknya padat, kumuh serta memilikki sarana air bersih buruk. Salah satu pemukiman Sungai Ciliwung adalah RW 10, 11 dan 12 Kelurahan Bukit Duri, Jakarta Selatan.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kondisi dan hubungan kualitas Mikrobiologis sumber air bersih responden dan faktor lain seperti sarana kesehatan lingkungan, higiene ibu, imunisasi balita, kualitas gizi balita dan karakter sosial ekonomi responden terhadap terjadinya penyakit diare balita di lokasi penelitian. Desain penelitian responden terhadap terjadinya penyakit diare balita di lokasi penelitian. Desain penelitian ini adalah kasus-kontrol dengan perbandingan 1:1 dan jumlah 125:125. Kasus dipilih adalah balita yang datang ke posyandu dan menderita diare, sedangkan kasus dipilih adalah balita datang ke posyandu tidak diare dan berlokasi dekat dengan balita diare sebagai kasus. Analisis yang digunakan uji univariat, bivariat dengan uji chi-square dan uji multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik ganda.Hasil penelitian didapatkan hubungan bermakna dengan p<0,05 pada higiene ibu, kualitas gizi balita, sarana kesehatan lingkungan dan kualitas mikrobiologis sumber air bersih responden. Hasil uji multivariat dihasilkan model akhir yaitu: Logit y = 2,193 + (-1,248 Sarana Pembuangan Sampah)+(-2364 Sarana Jamban)+(-3831 Sarana Mnecuci) + 2,890 Sarana PAL + (-1,189 higiene ibu)+(-0,718 Kualitas Mikrobiologis Sumber Air Responden). Dalam model tersebut jika semua variabel kondisinya bagus akan memberikan resiko logit y 2,193 atau sebesar 0,78. Variabel dominan yaitu Sarana PAL dengan OR 17,987 pada CI 95% 2,514-127,295Disimpulkan bahwa 86,5% kualitas mikrobiologis sumber air bersih responden buruk, namun tidak menjadi faktor dominan terhadap terjadinya penyakit diare balita karena dimungkinkan responden memasak airnya secara benar. Saran sebaiknya pihak-pihak terkait yang turut membantu pembangunan sarana kesehatan lingkungan pemukiman kumuh dan padat di perkotaan supaya mengikutkan warganya agar memiliki kepedulian dan pembangunan sarana tersebut tidak sia-sia.

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Diarhoe diseease outbreak in Indonesia is very high, aroun 26 per 1000 people per year (Indonesia Health Profile, 2000). Diarhoe disease prevalence is around 20-49 per 1000 household member and moralitiy at age 1-4 years old ara 134 per 100.000, which is the second highest disease that causes death.The diarhoe at children under 5 years old still high because there one still a lot of unhealthy resident in the urban area, like resident Ciliwung river, Kelurahan Bukit Duri RW 10, 11, and 12 which resident a crowded, dirty, and a few facilitu clean water cause poluted from microbiologis Ciliwung river.The purpose of this study is to know the condition and the association of quality microbiologis source clean water, another factor ex; facility environment health, higiene mother children, imunisasi chiren, quality nutrition chidren and social economi household. This study is case-control with 125 case and 125 control. Case is children at age 1-5 years old and disease diarhoe. Control is children at age 1-5 years old which living near children disease diarhoe. This study did two weeks. Result of this study from univariat analysis, bivariat analysis with chi-square and multivariat analysisi with regresion logistic.Bivariat analiysis test showed that there is significant relation between using of higiene mother children, quality nutrion children, facility environment health and quality water microbiologis, with OR 17,987 CI 95% of variabel dominant SPAL Finisihing model multivariat analysis showed logit y = 2,193+(-1,248 Facility garbage)+(-2,364 Facility latrien)+(3,831 facility wash)+2,890 Fasility gutter+(-1,189 higiene mother children)+(-0,718 quality microbiologis sourcer water respondent). It means good variability, which variabilt give point zero then prediction diarhoe disease children 0,78It is concluded that quality mcrobiologis water with risk 0,448 althought 85,6% quality microbiologis water bad. This is cause respondent understand good cooking drinking water.Need to be continuing study about quality microbiologis water by season to know spread diarhoe disease chidren at age 1-5 years old"

"Fecal contamination is a serious environmental problem at Angke River Jakarta. A cross-sectional study was conductedduring April-June 2007 and the aim of the study is to assess the water quality of Angke River by detection of Ascarislumbricoides eggs and the protozoan cysts. A total 24 L water of Angke River was collected from 8 sampling locationsconsisted of Kembangan/Duri Kosambi (upper reaches of river), Pesing Polgar (lower reaches of river), Teluk Gong(lower reaches of river), Pantai Indah Kapuk (estuary), River Mouth, left side of River Mouth, right side of RiverMouth, and outer side of River Mouth. The water specimen was examined microscopically for A. lumbricoides eggs andprotozoan cysts using a concentrated technique. Of 8 locations, 4 locations (50 %, 4/8), Kembangan/Duri Kosambi,Teluk Gong, Pantai Indah Kapuk and left side of river mouth were positive for A. lumbricoides eggs and 2 locations(25%, 2/8), Kembangan/Duri Kosambi and Pesing Polgar positive for Entamoeba histolytica cysts. Overall, 60 A.lumbricoides eggs and 2 E. histolytica cysts were found in 24 L water specimens. Among sampling locations, the mostnumber of A. lumbricoides eggs were found at eastuary. The water of Angke River, Jakarta, has been contaminated byhuman feces contained A. lumbricoides eggs and E. histolytica cysts. The water was unsafe for drinking water."

"Penelitian ini membahas pengaruh frekuensi suara pada dua durasi yang berbeda, yaitu 10 detik dan 30 detik, terhadap viabilitas bakteri Eschericia coli yang dikultur dalam medium Bovine Heart Infusion (BHI) dan Plate Count Agar (PCA). Bakteri yang sudah terpapar gelombang suara dikultur dalam agar nutrisi dan diinkubasi selama 24 jam. Kemudian viabilitas koloni dihitung menggunakan colony counter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan viabilitas koloni E.coli dipengaruhi gelombang suara audiosonik pada frekuensi 7 kHz dengan durasi berbeda setelah dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Semakin lama durasi suara audiosonik pada frekuensi 7 kHz, semakin turun efek inhibisi terhadap viabilitas. Durasi 10 detik memberikan viabilitas 2,3 % dibanding kontrol sementara pada durasi 30 detik sebesar 58,5 % dari kontrol.

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This study discusses the influence of frequency sound on two different durations, namely 10 seconds and 30 seconds, against the viability of the bacterium Escherichia coli were cultured in medium Bovine Heart Infusion (BHI) and Plate Count Agar (PCA). Bacteria that are exposed to sound waves that were cultured in nutrient and incubated for 24 hours. Then the viability of colonies counted using colony counter.

The results show the viability of E. coli colonies influenced the sound waves at a frequency of 7 kHz audiosonic with different duration when compared with controls. The longer the duration of the sound at a frequency of 7 kHz audiosonik, getting down inhibitory effects on viability. Duration of 10 seconds to 2.3% viability compared to controls while the duration of 30 seconds at 58.5% of controls."

"Acanthamoeba merupakan amoeba yang umumnya ditemukan di lingkungan dan dapat menyebabkan infeksi serius pada otak, paru-paru atau mata. Salah satu infeksi yang disebabkan oleh Acanthamoeba adalah keratitis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan mahasiswa FKUI mengenai diagnosis dan tatalaksana keratitis Acanthamoeba ditinjau dari karakterisik mahasiswa. Penelitian ini merupakan studi cross-sectional, yang dilakukan di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia (FKUI). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menyebar kuesioner pada 107 mahasiswa tingkat I-III yang menggunakan lensa kontak. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam kurun waktu 6 bulan, terhitung mulai tanggal 26 Januari 2013 sampai 24 Juni 2013. Sebanyak 86,7% responden memiliki pengetahuan yang kurang, sementara 13,3% memiliki pengetahuan yang cukup, 0% memiliki pengetahuan yang baik. Analisis Chi-square menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara tingkat pengetahuan dengan jenis kelamin responden (p=0,402), namun terdapat hubungan bermakna antara tingkat pendidikan (kuliah tingkat 1 dan 2 dengan mahasiswa tingkat 3) pengetahuan tentang keratitis Acanthamoeba (p=0,003). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan tidak berhubungan dengan jenis kelamin responden, namun berhubungan bermakna dengan pengetahuan tentang keratitis. Maka dari itu diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengetahui strategi yang baik untuk memperbaiki perilaku tersebut.

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Acanthamoeba is a microscopic amoeba commonly found in the environment and may cause serious infections in the brain, lungs, or eyes. One of the infections that caused by Acanthamoeba is keratitis. This study aims to determine the level of Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia (FMUI) students’ knowledge about the diagnosis and management Acanthamoeba infections. This study was a cross-sectional study which was conducted at FMUI. The research was carried out within a period of 6 months, starting on January 26, 2013 until June 24, 2013, with a sample of 107 students FKUI level I-III who are using contact lenses. 86.7% of respondents had poor knowledge, while 13.3% had moderate knowledge, 0% had good knowledge. Chi-square analysis showed that there was no sigficant relationship between the level of knowledge and the sex of the respondent (p = 0.402), while there was significant relationship between the level of education (college level 1 and 2 with level 3 students) with knowledge of Acanthamoeba infections (p=0,003). These results indicate that the level of knowledge was not associated with respondent gender, but significantly associated with knowledge of keratitis. Therefore further research is required to know a good strategy to correct the behavior."

""Wastewater Microbiology focuses on microbial contaminants found in wastewater, methods of detection for these contaminants, and methods of cleansing water of microbial contamination. This classic reference has now been updated to focus more exclusively on issues particular to wastewater, with new information on fecal contamination and new molecular methods. The book features new methods to determine cell viability/​activity in environmental samples; a new section on bacterial spores as indicators; new information covering disinfection byproducts, UV disinfection, and photoreactivation; and much more"--Provided by publisher."